1、Designation: D2293 96 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forCreep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by CompressionLoading (Metal-to-Metal)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creepproperties of adhesives for bonding
3、 metals when tested on astandard specimen and subjected to certain conditions oftemperature and compressive stress in a spring-loaded testingapparatus.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa-tion only.1.3 This standard does
4、 not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stand
5、ards:2D907 Terminology of AdhesivesD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D907.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test m
6、ethod is useful in research and developmentfor comparison of creep properties of adhesives, particularly asthose properties are affected by changes in adhesive formula-tion or expected service conditions, including temperature,moisture level, and duration of loading.4.2 The relative size and simplic
7、ity of design of the spring-loaded apparatus permits easy portability and transfer from oneenvironment to the next without disturbing static loads.4.3 The relative simplicity of design with inexpensivematerials permits replication of creep tests at relatively lowcosts.5. Apparatus5.1 Compression Cre
8、ep Test Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1and Fig. 2.5.2 Microscope, calibrated, with Filar microeyepiece and10 objective lens.6. Test Specimens6.1 Test specimens shall conform to the form and dimen-sions shown in Fig. 3. These specimens are similar to thetension lap shear specimens described in Test Met
9、hod D1002,except that the length of either side of the shear area shall be6.35 mm (14 in.) rather than 88.9-mm (312-in.) minimum.6.2 A complete description of these specimens and themethod of preparation is given in Sections 6, 7, and 8 of TestMethod D1002.6.3 For creep measurements, polish the edge
10、s of the bondedarea of each test specimen, and scribe with three fine linesacross the bondline.7. Procedure7.1 To conduct a creep test, center the specimen within theslot between the washer and bushing of the apparatus as shownin Fig. 1. Compress the spring between the two bushings to thedesired loa
11、d by tightening the nut. The correct load can beapplied by deflecting the spring a given measured amount asdetermined from a calibration curve.7.2 To measure total deflection, observe the average dis-placement of fine razor scratches across the centers of bothsides of the lap joints with a calibrate
12、d microscope having aFilar microeyepiece and a 10 objective lens.7.3 If the spring load is allowed to continue to compress thespecimen, the observed initial deflection will be followed by acontinued increasing deflection with time. To provide a com-plete history of creep behavior, measure these defl
13、ections1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on MetalBonding Adhesives.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2293
14、 96 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D2293-96R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM Internatio
15、nal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1periodically with the calibrated microscope for as long as thetest is allowed to continue or until the adhesive joint fails.7.4 If a creep curve at other than room temperature isrequired, perform both the specim
16、en loading and its subsequentexposure while holding the specimen to the desired tempera-ture. A suitable oven or cold box may be used for this purpose.Under these conditions, the actual creep measurements aremore difficult to obtain. This can be done, however, in one oftwo ways. The microscopic meas
17、urements can be madequickly and the specimen and its apparatus returned to itstemperature box before its test temperature has changedappreciably. Or, periodically, additional fine scribe lines can beadded adjacent to the original scratches across the centers ofboth sides of the lap joints and all of
18、 the displacementsmeasured and calculated in terms of differences from theoriginal scratches at the conclusion of the test. If final scratchesare made just before the specimen is removed from thetemperature box, the displacement measurements can be madeat room temperature and with the specimen unloa
19、ded ifdesired. Furthermore, relaxation of the specimen after unload-ing can also be measured if the displacement readings arecontinued.7.5 If buckling of the specimen occurs due to compressivecreep of the metal, discount the test and redesign the specimen.7.6 Record the total observed average deflec
20、tion, the mag-nitude and duration of the compressive stress, and the testtemperature for each specimen.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Complete description of materials and proceduresused and dimensions of the specimen,8.1.2 Creep of specimen defined as the quotient of the totalm
21、easured deflection and the bondline thickness, expressed inmillimetres per millimetre (or inches per inch),8.1.3 Magnitude and duration of the compressive stress andthe test temperature, and8.1.4 Nature of the failure if it occurs before the creep testis completed.ASlotted boltBBushingCSpringpiano w
22、ire cylindrical helical compression spring with six activecoils, eight total coils, wound closed, ground square, and cadmium platedDWasher22.25-mm (78-in.) OD, 12.7-mm (12-in.) ID, 1.6 mm (116 in.) thickENut12.7 mm (12 in.)20 NFFTest specimenFIG. 1 Compression Creep Test Apparatus, AssemblyFIG. 2 Co
23、mpression Creep Test Apparatus, DetailsFIG. 3 Form and Dimensions of Test SpecimenD2293 96 (2016)29. Precision and Bias9.1 At the present time, there is no basis for a statement ofprecision and bias concerning the reproducibility of resultsamong laboratories.9.2 The precision and bias of this test m
24、ethod is a functionof the properties of the cured bondline. Report precision asstandard deviation of the data and standard error of the mean.10. Keywords10.1 creep; metal-to-metal bonds; shear by compressionloadingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asse
25、rted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by
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27、ve careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Inter
28、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 96 (2016)3
