1、Designation: D 2294 96 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method forCreep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading(Metal-to-Metal)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2294; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creepproperties of adhesives for bonding
3、metals when tested on astandard specimen and subjected to certain conditions oftemperature and tensile stress in a spring-loaded testing appa-ratus.1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature rangefrom 55 to +260C (67 to +500F).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandar
4、d. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa-tion only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appl
5、ica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics2D 907 Terminology of Adhesives3D 1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens By Ten-sion Loading (Me
6、tal-to-Metal)32.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Tension Creep Test Apparatus43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D 907.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in research and developmentfor comparison of creep properties of adhesives, particularly asth
7、ose properties are affected by changes in adhesive formula-tion or expected service conditions, including temperature,moisture level, and duration of loading.4.2 The relative size and simplicity of design of the spring-loaded apparatus permits easy portability and transfer from oneenvironment to the
8、 next without disturbing static loads.4.3 The relative simplicity of design with inexpensivematerials permits replication of creep tests at relatively lowcosts.5. Apparatus5.1 Tension Creep Test Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1.4Itshall consist of a hollow loading chamber, a solid extension rodwith pro
9、visions for attachment of test specimens, and ahigh-temperature-resistant spring.5A testing machine conform-ing to the requirements of Test Method D 638 is required toapply the static load.5.2 Microscope, calibrated, having 1003 magnification.6. Test Specimens6.1 Test specimens shall conform to the
10、shape and dimen-sions shown in Fig. 2. These specimens are similar to thetension lap shear specimens described in Test Method D 1002,except for the holes as shown in Fig. 2.6.2 Test at least three specimens for each set of standardconditions of load, time, and temperature.6.3 A complete description
11、of these specimens and themethod of preparation is given in Sections 6, 7, and 8 of TestMethod D 1002.6.4 For creep measurements, polish the 12.7-mm (12-in.)edges of the bonded area of each test specimen, and scribe withthree fine lines across the bondline (Fig. 1).7. Procedure7.1 Attach the test ap
12、paratus to a testing machine andcondition to a prescribed test temperature. Place a specimenwithin the load chamber of the test apparatus (Fig. 2), andattach to the chamber and load shaft by means of pins.7.2 Apply the load by the test machine at a rate of 80 to 100kgf/cm2/min (1200 to 1400 psi/min)
13、. After reaching the desired1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on MetalBonding Adhesives.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originallypublished as D 2294 64 T. Last previ
14、ous edition D 2294 92.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.4Detailed working drawings for the construction of the tensile creep testapparatus are available at a nominal cost from ASTM International, 100 Barr HarborDrive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. Req
15、uest Adjunct No. ADJD2294.5Springs suitable for this apparatus may be obtained from the W. D. Gibson Co.,Chicago, IL.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.load, turn up the knurled supporting ring to make contact withthe di
16、sk (that is, touch plus14 turn) supporting the compressedspring. Unload the testing machine, remove the entire creeptest apparatus (except the loading yoke) from the testingmachine, and place it in the desired environment.7.3 To measure total deflection, observe the displacement offine razor marks a
17、cross both sides of the bond area with acalibrated microscope having 1003 magnification.7.4 To measure deflection at various times during the test,especially when the environment is other than room tempera-ture, fine scribe lines may be added periodically adjacent to theoriginal mark across the edge
18、 of the joint. Make a final markjust before the specimen is removed from the temperature-conditioned area and the load removed. The relative displace-ment measurements, which may then be made at any timethereafter, will indicate the amount of creep deflection at thevarious time intervals. Suggested
19、time intervals are 1, 3, 5, 10,30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, and so forth, minimum, as theseyield approximately equally spaced points when plotted on alog scale. If desired, readings of the changes in displacementcan be continued even after the specimen is unloaded. Theseprovide a measure of the rela
20、xation.7.5 Record the deflection at periodic intervals during thetest, the total deflection, the magnitude and duration of thetensile stress, and the test temperature for each specimen.Express all loads in kilograms per square centimetre (or poundsper square inch) and, if possible, report to three s
21、ignificantfigures.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Complete identification of the materials and proce-dures used and dimensions of the bond area including widthand length 62.54 mm (0.01 in.) and bondline thickness60.0127 mm (0.0005 in.),8.1.2 Creep deflection of the specimens show
22、n as totalmeasured deflection,8.1.3 Magnitude and duration of the tensile stress, testtemperature, and any environmental conditions,8.1.4 Conditioning procedure used for specimens prior totesting,8.1.5 Number of specimens tested, and8.1.6 Nature of the failure (that is, percent adhesive orcohesive)
23、if it occurs before the creep test is completed.9. Precision and Bias9.1 At the present time, there is no basis for a statement ofprecision and bias concerning the reproducibility of resultsamong laboratories.9.2 The precision and bias of this test method is a functionof the properties of the cured
24、bondline. Report precision asstandard deviation of the data and standard error of the mean.10. Keywords10.1 creep; metal-to-metal bonds; shear by tension loadingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this sta
25、ndard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be revi
26、ewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsib
27、le technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
28、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 1 Tension Creep Test ApparatusFIG. 2 Form and Dimensions of Test SpecimenD 2294 96 (2002)2
