1、Designation: D235 02 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forMineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon DryCleaning Solvent)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D235; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specificat
3、ion covers four types of hydrocarbonsolvents, normally petroleum distillates, used primarily in thecoatings and dry-cleaning industries. “Mineral spirits” is themost common name for these solvents. They are also called“Stoddard Solvents” when used for dry cleaning.1.2 For specific hazard information
4、 and guidance, see thesuppliers Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in thisspecification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 The following applies to all specified limits in thisstandard; for purpose
5、s of determining conformance with thisstandard, an observed value or a calculated value shall berounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digitused in expressing the specification limit, in accordance withthe rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.5 The following hazard caveat pertains
6、 only to the testmethod portion, 6.1.10, of this specification. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicabilit
7、y of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Stri
8、p TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and RelatedCoatings and MaterialD1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-bon SolventsD1159 Test Meth
9、od for Bromine Numbers of PetroleumDistillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electro-metric TitrationD1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents andDiluentsD2710 Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydro-carbons by
10、Electrometric TitrationD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur inGasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potentiometric Method)D3257 Test Methods for Aromatics in Mineral Spirits byGas ChromatographyD3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup Appa
11、ratusE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals2.2 U.S. Federal Specification:PPP-C-2020 Chemical, Liquid, Dry, and Paste: Packagingof33. Classification3.1 Mineral spirits shall be of the following
12、 types asspecified:3.1.1 Type IFull Range.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.Current edition approve
13、d July 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originallyapproved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D235 02 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D0235-02R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSta
14、ndards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of thi
15、s standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 Type IIHigh Flash Point.3.1.3 Type IIIOdorless.3.1.4 Type IVLow Dry Point.3.2 Mineral spirits types may be further differentiated basedon aromatics content as follows:3.2
16、.1 Class A8 to 22 vol % aromatics.3.2.2 Class B2 to 8 max vol % aromatics.3.2.3 Class Cless than 2 vol % aromatics.4. Properties4.1 The physical and chemical properties of the differenttypes and classes of mineral spirits shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 1.5. Sampling5.1 The mater
17、ial shall be sampled in accordance withPractice E300.6. Test Methods6.1 The properties enumerated in this specification shall bedetermined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods:6.1.1 Bromine NumberTest Method D1159. Brominenumber is expressed as g bromine reacted per 100-g sample.For pro
18、ducts having low olefin contents, Bromine Index (mgbromine reacted per 100-g sample) by Test Method D2710 maybe used.TABLE 1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Mineral SpiritsType I Full Range Mineral Spirits Type II High Flash PointClass A Class BAClass CAClass A Class BAClass CAAromatic Content,
19、range, vol % 822 28 max 02 822 28 max 02Commercial reference regular rule 66 low aromatic regular rule 66 low aromaticAppearance clear and free of suspended matter when observed at 6078FFlash point, C (F), min 38 (100) 38 (100) 38 (100) 61 (142) 61 (142) 61 (142)Color, min not darker than + 25 on Sa
20、ybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co ScaleKauri-Butanol value,min 34 29 28 33 29 28max 43 40 39 43 40 39Bromine Number, max 5 1 0.1 5 1 0.1OdorBcharacteristic, as agreed between purchaser and supplierDoctor test negativeDistillation, C (F)Initial boiling point, min 149 (300) 149 (300) 149 (300) 177 (350) 177
21、(350) 177 (350)50 % Recovered, max 185 (365) 185 (365) 185 (365) 202 (395) 202 (395) 202 (395)Dry point, max 213 (415) 213 (415) 213 (415) 213 (415) 213 (415) 213 (415)Residue from distillation:Vol%,max 1.5Acidity neutralCopper corrosion, max rating 2AApparent Specific Gravity15.6/15.6C (60/60F)min
22、0.754 0.754 0.754 0.768 0.768 0.768max 0.820 0.810 0.800 0.820 0.810 0.810Type III OdorlessC|Type IV Low Dry PointClass C-1AClass C-2A|Class A Class BAClass CAAromatic Content, range, vol % 00.25 00.25 822 28 max 02Commercial Reference odorless odorless regular rule 66 low aromaticAppearance clear a
23、nd free of suspended matter when observed at 6078FFlash Point, C (F), min 38 (100) 38 (100) 38 (100) 38 (100) 38 (100)Color, min not darker than + 25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co ScaleKauri-Butanol value,min . . 34 29 28max 29 29 43 41 40Bromine Number, max 0.1 5 5 1 0.1OdorBcharacteristic as agr
24、eed between purchaser and supplierDoctor Test negativeDistillation, C (F)Initial boiling point, min 149 (300) 149 (300) 149 (300) 149 (300) 149 (300)50 % Recovered, max 196 (385) 196 (385) 174 (345) 174 (345) 174 (345)Dry point, max 213 (415) 213 (415) 185 (365) 185 (365) 185 (365)Residue from disti
25、llationVol% , max 1.5Acidity neutralCopper Corrosion, max rating 2AApparent Specific Gravity15.6/15.6C (60/60F)min 0.740 0.740 0.754 0.754 0.754max 0.775 0.775 0.810 0.800 0.790AMineral Spirits of Types I, II, III, and IV may be commercially available as Classes B and C to meet certain air pollution
26、 regulations (for example, “Rule 66”) which setmaximum limits on certain constituents as follows: toluene and ethylbenzene 20 vol %, C8and higher aromatics 8 vol %, olefins 5 vol %; the sum of all restrictedconstituents not to exceed 20 vol %.BOptional: Test for odor only when agreed as necessary by
27、 purchaser and supplier.COnly products that have a very high isoparaffinic hydrocarbon content, that is, approaching 100 %, are considered to fit the odorless category. Type III Class C-1 ishydrogenated product; Class C-2 is a distillation fraction.D235 02 (2012)26.1.2 ColorTest Method D156 or Test
28、Method D1209.Incase of dispute, Test Method D156 shall be the referee method.6.1.3 CorrosionTest Method D130. Perform test under theprescribed conditions for3hat100C.6.1.4 DistillationTest Method D86.6.1.5 Flash PointTest Method D56 or Test MethodsD3278. In case of dispute, Test Method D56 shall be
29、thereferee method.6.1.6 Kauri-Butanol ValueTest Method D1133.6.1.7 OdorTest Method D1296. Samples of particulartypes of products being tested, having odor characteristicssatisfactory to consumer and producer, are to be used asreference standards for comparison.6.1.8 Mercaptan SulfurTest Method D3227
30、.6.1.9 Apparent Specific GravityDetermine the apparentspecific gravity by any convenient method that is accurate tothe third decimal place, the temperature of both specimen andwater being 15.6C. See Guide D268.6.1.10 Doctor Test:6.1.10.1 Preparation of Doctor (Sodium Plumbite)SolutionDissolve approx
31、imately 125 g of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) in 1 L of reagent water. Add 60 g of lead monoxide(PbO) and shake vigorously for 15 min., or let stand withoccasional shakings for at least a day. Allow to settle anddecant or siphon off the clear liquid. If the solution does notsettle clear, filter it through
32、 filter paper. Keep the solution in atightly corked bottle and refilter before use if not perfectlyclear.6.1.10.2 ProcedureShake vigorously together in a testtube 10 mL of the solvent being tested and 5 mL of sodiumplumbite solution for about 15 s. Add a small amount of pure,dry flowers of sulfur so
33、 that practically all of it floats on theinterface between the solvent and the sodium plumbite solutionafter shaking. Again shake for 15 s, allow to settle and observewithin 2 min.6.1.10.3 Interpretation of ResultsIf the solvent is discol-ored or if the yellow color of the sulfur film is noticeablym
34、asked, consider the test positive and the solvent as “sour.” Ifthe sample remains unchanged in color and the sulfur film isbright yellow or only slightly discolored with gray or fleckedwith black, consider the test negative and the solvent as“sweet.”6.1.10.4 If the doctor test result is positive, me
35、rcaptancontent may be determined using Test Method D3227 andreported.6.1.11 AromaticsTest Methods D3257.7. Packaging and Package Marking7.1 Package size shall be agreed upon by the purchaser andthe supplier.7.2 Packaging shall conform to applicable carrier rules andregulations or when specified shal
36、l conform to Fed. Spec.PPP-C-2020.8. Keywords8.1 Doctor test; hydrocarbon dry cleaning solvents; mineralspirits; solvents; Stoddard SolventSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01.3 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D235 02) that may impact the use of this
37、standard. (Approved June 1, 2007.)(1) Added SI units to the Scope section. (2) Reversed values in Table 1 to show SI units first.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard ar
38、e expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not
39、revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which yo
40、u may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United
41、 States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D235 02 (2012)3
