1、Designation: D 243 02Standard Test Method forResidue of Specified Penetration1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to thermally reduce cut-backasphalt, a road oil or a semisolid asphalt, having a penetrationgreater than 100, to a residue of
3、specified penetration.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user o
4、f this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Note 2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials2E 1
5、Specification for ASTM Thermometers3E 220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison Techniques43. Summary of Test Method3.1 The material to be tested is rapidly heated to 249C(480F) and maintained at 249 to 260C (480 to 500F)during evaporation of the volatiles. Penetration of the res
6、idue isdetermined and if not within the specified limits, the evapora-tion procedure is repeated. Change in sample mass is used tocalculate the percentage of residue having the specified pen-etration.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determine the percentage ofresidue having a s
7、pecified penetration at 100 g/5 s at 25C(77F). This test method provides a residue for quality controlor for use in other tests as desired.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus shall consist of a container, heating bath,hot plate, and thermometer, with necessary accessory apparatusas follows:5.1.1 Container
8、The container in which the sample is tobe tested shall be a flat-bottom, cylindrical seamless tin box, 70mm in diameter and 45 mm in depth.NOTE 1Containers known in the pharmaceutical industry as seamless“ointment boxes” may be obtained in dimensions conforming to the aboverequirements.5.1.2 Heating
9、 BathThe heating bath shall be a cast-ironair bath, or equivalent, permitting the immersion of thecontainer to a depth of 32 6 5 mm through an opening 3 6 2mm larger in diameter than the container. It shall support thecontainer 6 6 2 mm above the hot plate, and with at least 6.4mm free air space bet
10、ween the sides of the container and of theair bath below the opening. A suitable air bath is shown in Fig.1.55.1.3 Hot PlateThe air bath shall be heated upon asuitably mounted hot plate, heated either electrically or bymeans of a gas flame. The plate shall be capable of maintainingthe sample continu
11、ously at the required temperature, andapparatus necessary to fulfill this requirement, such as arheostat or gas pressure regulator, shall be provided.5.1.4 ThermometerAn ASTM Cleveland Open FlashThermometer, having a range of 6 to + 400C or + 20to + 760F and conforming to the requirements for thermo
12、m-eter 11C or 11F, respectively, as prescribed in SpecificationE 1, or an equivalent thermometric device that has beencalibrated in accordance with Test Method E 220.5.1.5 A balance, readable to 0.01 g, for determining themass of the asphalt sample and the mass of the residue.6. Preparation of Sampl
13、e6.1 Thoroughly stir and agitate the sample as received toensure a complete mixture before the portion for testing isremoved.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.46 onDurability and Distilla
14、tion Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originallyapproved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 24397.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.5An air bath meeting
15、 the requirements of this test method is available fromHumboldt Mfg. Co., 7300 Agatite Ave., Norridge, IL, 607064704, as part numberH-2480.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Procedure7.1 Weigh a 100.00 6 0.1-g sample
16、of the material to betested into a tared container; then place the container in the airbath in position to be heated. Support the thermometer in thesample equidistant from the sides of the container and with thebottom of the bulb neither more than 6 mm above nor touchingthe bottom of the container.
17、The bulb shall be completelyimmersed in the sample throughout the heating. An assemblyof the apparatus is shown in Fig. 2.7.2 Heat the sample as rapidly as possible without foamingto a temperature of 249C (480F) and during the evaporation,maintain the temperature between 249C (480F) and 260C(500F).
18、Stir the sample with the thermometer from time totime to prevent local overheating and, to maintain a homoge-neous sample, flux into the sample all cakes of hardenedbitumen that form at the sides of the container.NOTE 2Precaution: Certain types of road oil will readily form ringsof hard asphalt at t
19、he side of the container. Take great care that thismaterial is completely fluxed into the sample before the penetration of theresidue is determined.7.3 An experienced operator can judge approximately whatpercentage of residue should be obtained to secure the desiredpenetration. When it is supposed t
20、hat the residue will show therequired penetration, return to the container the bitumen on thethermometer that may be readily scraped off; then remove thecontainer from the air bath and cool and weigh it. Determinethe penetration of the residue in accordance with Test MethodD 5, except use the contai
21、ner in which evaporation wasconducted, as specified in this test method, instead of using thesmaller container specified in Test Method D 5.7.4 It frequently is necessary to make several trials before aresidue of the required penetration is obtained. If it is deter-mined to be greater than that requ
22、ired, remove all water fromthe container and the surface of the sample, and repeat theheating and determination of penetration as before. Ordinarily,a residue shall be considered as satisfactorily obtained when itspenetration is within 15 dmm of that desired, and its percentageby weight of the origi
23、nal sample shall be calculated. When it isnecessary to determine more precisely the percentage ofresidue having the specified penetration, such a percentageshall be calculated by interpolation between percentages of tworesidues, one having a penetration greater and one having apenetration lower than
24、 that specified.8. Report8.1 Report the results as follows:8.1.1 Percentage of residue ofpenetration(determined) stating, first, the specified penetration, andsecond, the penetration actually determined for the sampletested or calculated by interpolation.9. Precision and Bias9.1 With care and proper
25、 attention to details, duplicatedeterminations by this test method should not differ from eachother by more than 1.0 % with the same operator nor more than2.5 % between different laboratories.9.2 The precision of tests on the residue after heating, otherthan penetration, has not been determined. The
26、 nature of thistest method makes it impractical to develop a precisionstatement.9.3 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the property being measured is defined only in termsof this test method.10. Keywords10.1 asphalt; cut-back; penetration; residue; road oilFIG. 1 Cast-Iron Air
27、BathFIG. 2 Assembly of ApparatusD243022ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
28、riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of
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30、ke your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D243023
