1、Designation: D 243 08Standard Test Method forResidue of Specified Penetration1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to thermally reduce cutbackasphalt, a road oil or a semisolid asphalt, having a penetrationgreater than 100, to a residue of sp
3、ecified penetration. It isprimarily used with slow-curing cutback asphalt as specified inSpecification D 2026.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 WarningMercury has been designated by the UnitedSta
4、tes Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) and many stateagencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervoussystem, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution shouldbe taken when handling mercury and mercury containingprodu
5、cts. See the applicable product Material Safety DataSheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs websitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information.Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, into your state may be prohibitedby state law.1.4 This standard d
6、oes not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statement
7、s are given in Note 2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous MaterialsD 2026 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-CuringType)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE 220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison Techn
8、iques3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The material to be tested is rapidly heated to 249C(480F) and maintained at 249 to 260C (480 to 500F)during evaporation of the volatiles. Penetration of the residue isdetermined and if not within the specified limits, the evapora-tion procedure is repeated. Change i
9、n sample mass is used tocalculate the percentage of residue having the specified pen-etration.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determine the percentage ofresidue having a specified penetration at 100 g/5 s at 25C(77F). This test method provides a residue for quality controlor f
10、or use in other tests as desired.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus shall consist of a container, heating bath,hot plate, and thermometric device, with necessary accessoryapparatus as follows:5.1.1 ContainerThe container in which the sample is tobe tested shall be a flat-bottom, cylindrical seamless tin
11、box,approximately 70 mm in diameter and 45 mm in depth.NOTE 1Containers known in the pharmaceutical industry as seamless“ointment boxes” may be obtained in dimensions conforming to the aboverequirements.5.1.2 Heating BathThe heating bath shall be a cast-ironair bath, or equivalent, permitting the im
12、mersion of thecontainer to a depth of 32 6 5 mm through an opening 3 6 2mm larger in diameter than the container. It shall support thecontainer 6 6 2 mm above the hot plate, and with at least 6.4mm free air space between the sides of the container and of theair bath below the opening.Asuitable air b
13、ath is shown in Fig.1.35.1.3 Hot PlateThe air bath shall be heated upon asuitably mounted hot plate, heated either electrically or by1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.46 onDurability and
14、Distillation Tests.Current edition approved July 15, 2008. Published August 2008. Originallyapproved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 24397.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
15、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A source of supply of the apparatus that meets the requirements of this testmethod is available from Humboldt Mfg. Co., 7300 Agatite Ave., Norridge, IL,607064704, as part number H-2480. If you are awa
16、re of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc
17、ken, PA 19428-2959, United States.means of a gas flame. The plate shall be capable of maintainingthe sample continuously at the required temperature, andapparatus necessary to fulfill this requirement, such as arheostat or gas pressure regulator, shall be provided.5.1.4 Thermometric DeviceAn ASTM Cl
18、eveland OpenFlash Thermometer, having a range of 6 to +400C or +20 to+760F and conforming to the requirements for thermometer11C or 11F, respectively, as prescribed in Specification E1,oran equivalent electronic thermometric device that has beencalibrated in accordance with Test Method E 220.5.1.5 A
19、 balance, readable to 0.01 g, for determining themass of the asphalt sample and the mass of the residue.6. Preparation of Sample6.1 Thoroughly stir and agitate the sample as received toensure a uniform mixture before the portion for testing isremoved.7. Procedure7.1 Weigh a 100.00 6 0.1-g sample of
20、the material to betested into a tared container; then place the container in the airbath in position to be heated. Support the probe of thethermometric device in the sample equidistant from the sides ofthe container and with the bottom of the probe neither morethan 6 mm above nor touching the bottom
21、 of the container. Thetip of the probe shall be completely immersed in the samplethroughout the heating.An assembly of the apparatus is shownin Fig. 2.7.2 Heat the sample as rapidly as possible without foamingto a temperature of 249C (480F) and during the evaporation,maintain the temperature between
22、 249C (480F) and 260C(500F). Stir the sample with the probe of the thermometricdevice from time to time to prevent local overheating and, tomaintain a homogeneous sample. Flux into the sample allcakes of hardened bitumen that form at the sides of thecontainer.NOTE 2Precaution: Certain types of road
23、oil will readily form ringsof hard asphalt at the side of the container. Take great care that thismaterial is completely fluxed into the sample before the penetration of theresidue is determined.7.3 An experienced operator can judge approximately whatpercentage of residue should be obtained to secur
24、e the desiredpenetration. When it is supposed that the residue will show therequired penetration, return to the container the bitumen on theprobe of the thermometric device that may be readily scrapedoff; then remove the container from the air bath and cool andweigh it. Determine the penetration of
25、the residue in accor-dance with Test Method D5, except use the container in whichevaporation was conducted, as specified in this test method,instead of using the smaller container specified in Test MethodD5.7.4 It frequently is necessary to make several trials before aresidue of the required penetra
26、tion is obtained. If it is deter-mined to be greater than that required, remove all water fromthe container and the surface of the sample, and repeat theheating and determination of penetration as before. Ordinarily,a residue shall be considered as satisfactorily obtained when itspenetration is with
27、in 15 dmm of that desired, and its percentageby weight of the original sample shall be calculated. When it isnecessary to determine more precisely the percentage ofresidue having the specified penetration, such a percentageshall be calculated by interpolation between percentages of tworesidues, one
28、having a penetration greater and one having apenetration lower than that specified.8. Report8.1 Report the results as follows:8.1.1 Percentage of residue ofpenetration(determined) stating, first, the specified penetration, andsecond, the penetration actually determined for the sampletested or calcul
29、ated by interpolation.FIG. 1 Cast-Iron Air BathFIG. 2 Assembly of ApparatusD2430829. Precision and Bias9.1 With care and proper attention to details, duplicatedeterminations by this test method should not differ from eachother by more than 1.0 % with the same operator nor more than2.5 % between diff
30、erent laboratories.9.2 The precision of tests on the residue after heating, otherthan penetration, has not been determined. The nature of thistest method makes it impractical to develop a precisionstatement.9.3 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the property being measured is d
31、efined only in termsof this test method.10. Keywords10.1 asphalt; cutback; penetration; residue; road oilASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
32、 determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprov
33、ed or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you fee
34、l that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D243083
