1、Designation: D 268 01 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Guide forSampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and ChemicalIntermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings andMaterial1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 268; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、foriginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department
3、 of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This guide covers procedures for the sampling andtesting of volatile solvents used in the manufacture of paint,lacquer, varnish, and related products. The test methods arelisted in Table 1.1.2 For specific hazard information and guidance, see Sup-pliers Material Safety Data
4、Sheet for materials listed in thisguide.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user
5、of this standard to consult and establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D13 Specification for Spirits of TurpentineD56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Tes
6、t Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Saybolt Chromo
7、meter Method)D 233 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing TurpentineD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 329 Specification for AcetoneD611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD 847
8、 Test Method for Acidity of Benzene, Toluene, Xy-lenes, Solvent Naphthas, and Similar Industrial AromaticHydrocarbonsD 848 Test Method for Acid Wash Color of IndustrialAromatic HydrocarbonsD 849 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by IndustrialAromatic HydrocarbonsD 850 Test Method for Distillati
9、on of Industrial AromaticHydrocarbons and Related MaterialsD 853 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Diox-ide Content (Qualitative) of IndustrialAromatic Hydrocar-bonsD 891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, ofLiquid Industrial ChemicalsD 1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of
10、VolatileOrganic LiquidsD 1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-bon SolventsD 1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)D 1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents andDiluentsD 1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point ofLiquids by Tag Open-Cup Appar
11、atusD 1353 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in VolatileSolvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedProductsD 1363 Test Method for Permanganate Time of Acetoneand Methanol1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Application
12、s and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 268 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM web
13、site, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
14、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (KarlFischer Reagent Titration Method)D 1476 Test Method for Heptane Miscibility of LacquerSolventsD 1555 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weightof Industrial Aromatic Hyd
15、rocarbons and CyclohexaneD 1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD 1614 Test Method for Alkalinity in AcetoneD 1617 Test Method for Ester Value of Solvents and Thin-nersD 1720 Test Method for Dilution Ratio of
16、Active Solventsin Cellulose Nitrate SolutionsD 1722 Test Method for Water Miscibility of Water-SolubleSolventsD 2192 Test Method for Purity of Aldehydes and KetonesD 2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in MonocyclicAromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas ChromatographyD 2804 Test Method for Purity of Methyl
17、Ethyl Ketone ByGas ChromatographyD 2935 Test Method for Apparent Density of IndustrialAromatic Hydrocarbons3D 3257 Test Methods for Aromatics in Mineral Spirits byGas ChromatographyD 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusD 3329 Test Method for Purity of Methy
18、l Isobutyl Ketoneby Gas ChromatographyD 3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density ofPure Liquid ChemicalsD 3545 Test Method for Alcohol Content and Purity ofAcetate Esters by Gas ChromatographyD 3893 Test Method for Purity of MethylAmyl Ketone andMethyl Isoamyl Ketone by Gas ChromatographyE12
19、 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravityof Solids, Liquids, and Gases3E 201 Test Method for Calculation ofVolume andWeight ofIndustrial Chemical Liquids (Discontinued 2001)3E 202 Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols andPropylene GlycolsE 203 Test Method forWater UsingVolumetric
20、 Karl FischerTitrationE 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE 346 Test Methods for Analysis of Methanol3. Significance and Use3.1 A brief discussion of each test method is given with theintent of helping the user in the selection of the most applicableprocedure where more than one is avail
21、able.4. Sampling4.1 Representative samples are a prerequisite for the evalu-ation of any product. The directions for obtaining representa-tive samples cannot be made explicit to cover all cases andmust be supplemented by judgment, skill, and samplingexperience. It is recommended that Practice E 300
22、be em-ployed in sampling liquid solvents.5. Specific Gravity5.1 Specific gravity of liquids is defined in TerminologyE12as “the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a material tothe mass of the same volume of gas-free distilled water at astated temperature.” When the stated temperature of the water
23、is 4.0C, specific gravity and density are numerically equal.5.2 The apparent specific gravity of liquid is defined inTerminology E12as “the ratio of the weight in air of a unitvolume of material at a stated temperature to the weight in airof equal density of an equal volume of gas-free, distilled wa
24、terat a stated temperature.”NOTE 1Specific gravity or density is an intrinsic property of allsubstances and can to a degree be used to identify them. When suchsubstances are of high purity, specific gravity may be used in support of3Withdrawn.TABLE 1 List of Test MethodsTest Method Section ASTM Meth
25、odAcidity in:Aromatic hydrocarbons 11 D 847Volatile solvents 11 D 1613Acid wash color of aromatics 23 D 848Alcohols in ketones 18 D 2804, D 3329Alkalinity in acetone 12 D 1614Aromatics in mineral spirits 25 D 3257Color, platinum cobalt scale 6 D 1209Copper corrosion test:Aromatic hydrocarbons 14 D 8
26、49Mineral spirits 14 D 130Distillation range:Aromatic hydrocarbons 7 D 850Mineral spirits, turpentine 7D86Volatile organic liquids 7 D 1078Ester value 13 D 1617Esters, purity 13 D 3545Flash point:Pensky-Martens closed cup 17 D 93Tag closed cup 17 D 56Tag open cup 17 D 1310Setaflash tester 17 D 3278M
27、ethod surveys:Ethylene and propylene glycols 22 E 202Methanol 21 E 346Nonaromatics in aromatics 24 D 2360Nonvolatile matter 8 D 1353Odor 9 D 1296Paraffins in aromatics 24 D 2360Permanganate time for acetone and methanol 16 D 1363Purity of ketones 18 D 2192,D 2804,D 3329, D 3893Sampling 4 E 300Solven
28、t power evaluation:Aniline point and mixed aniline point ofpetroleum products and hydrocarbonsolvents19 D 611Kauri-butanol value of hydrocarbonsolvents19 D 1133Dilution ratio in cellulose nitrate solutionfor active solvents, hydrocarbon diluents, andcellulose nitrates19 D 1720Specific gravity 5 D 89
29、1, D 2935,D 3505, D 1555Sulfur as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide 15 D 853Water:Fischer reagent titration method 10 D 1364, E 203Turbidity method 10 D 1476Water miscibility of water-soluble solvents 20 D 1722D 268 01 (2007)2other properties to define their degree of purity. The use of specific g
30、ravityfor such purposes, however, is valid only when all components and theirrelative effects upon the specific gravity of the system are known.5.3 The choice of test method for determining specificgravity is largely dependent on the degree of accuracy required.In general, when the product specifica
31、tion requires an accuracyto the third decimal place, the hydrometer or specific gravitybalance method may be employed. When the product specifi-cation requires an accuracy to the fourth decimal place, apycnometer method should be employed. Test Methods D 891give procedures using all three techniques
32、.5.4 With specific reference to the determination of densityor specific gravity of a number of aromatic and cyclichydrocarbon solvents, Test Method D 3505 describes a simpli-fied procedure for this measurement.5.5 Methods for converting specific gravity data to weightand volume data at various tempe
33、ratures are given in TestMethod E 201 for oxygenated and chlorinated compounds, andfor aromatic hydrocarbons in Test Method D 1555.5.6 The measurement of density of aromatic hydrocarbonsat any convenient temperature, and the conversion of the datato an applicable specification or storage temperature
34、 aredescribed in Test Method D 2935.6. Color6.1 The property of color of a solvent will vary in impor-tance with the application for which it is intended, the amountof color that can be tolerated being dependent on the colorcharacteristics of the material in which it is used. The paint,varnish, and
35、lacquer solvents, or diluents commercially avail-able on todays market normally have little or no color. Thepresence or absence of color in such material is an indicationof the degree of refinement to which the solvent has beensubjected or of the cleanliness of the shipping or storagecontainer in wh
36、ich it is handled, or both (see Test MethodD 1209).NOTE 2For a number of years the term “water-white” was consideredsufficient as a measurement of solvent color. Several expressions fordefining“ water-white” gradually appeared and it became evident that amore precise color standard was needed. This
37、was accomplished in 1952with the adoption of Test Method D 1209 using the platinum cobalt scale.This method is similar to the description given in the Standard Methodsfor the Examination of Water and Waste Water of the American PublicHealthAssn., 14th Ed., p. 65 and is referred to by many as “APHACo
38、lor.”The preparation of these platinum-cobalt color standards was originallydescribed by Hazen, A., American Chemical Journal, Vol. XIV, 1892, p.300, in which he assigned the number 5 (parts per ten thousand) to hisplatinum-cobalt stock solution. Subsequently, in their first edition (1905)of Standar
39、d Methods for the Examination of Water, the American PublicHealth Assn., using exactly the same concentration of reagents, assignedto color designation 500 (parts per million) which is the same ratio. Theparts per million nomenclature is not used since color is not referreddirectly to a weight relat
40、ionship. It is therefore recommended that theincorrect term “Hazen Color” should not be used. Also, because it refersprimarily to water, the term “ APHA Color” is undesirable. The recom-mended nomenclature for referring to the color of organic liquids is“Platinum-Cobalt Color, Test Method D 1209.”NO
41、TE 3The petroleum industry uses the Saybolt colorimeter TestMethod D 156 for measuring and defining the color of hydrocarbonsolvents; however, this system of color measurement is not commonlyemployed outside of the petroleum industry. It has been reported byvarious sources that a Saybolt color of +2
42、5 is equivalent to 25 in theplatinum-cobalt system or to colors produced by masses of potassiumdichromate ranging between 4.8 and 5.6 mg. dissolved in 1 L of distilledwater. Because of the differences in the spectral characteristics of theseveral color systems being compared and the subjective manne
43、r in whichthe measurements are made, exact equivalencies are difficult to obtain.7. Distillation Range7.1 The distillation range of an organic solvent is anempirical set of data peculiar to the solvent under study and theapparatus used giving the purchaser an indication of theproduct quality availab
44、le to him.NOTE 4The distillation range provides information on the initialboiling point, percent distilled at certain temperatures, and the dry point.These parameters may be affected by improper refining techniques,impurities inherent in the sample, or contamination. It is absolutelynecessary that t
45、he purchaser and seller employ the same type of apparatus,including thermometers, and follow an identical procedure as agreedupon. If these factors are not followed precisely, it is quite possibledisagreement will result between the parties.7.2 Three test methods are available for determining thedis
46、tillation range of solvents. The major differences among thethree methods are the size of distillation flasks and type ofthermometers (partial or total immersion) employed. Flask sizehas little to no effect on the results obtained between labora-tories beyond the limits of error noted for each test
47、method.The advantage of the larger size flask is to prevent “boil over”when high-boiling products, processing relatively high coeffi-cients of expansion are being tested. On the other hand,differences between laboratories will be large when one labo-ratory employs a partial immersion thermometer and
48、 another atotal immersion instrument. The spread between results willincrease as the boiling range rises above 100C. Partialimmersion thermometers are preferred for narrow boilingproducts since they require no emergent stem temperaturecorrection. The type of heat source may affect the distillationra
49、nge of products boiling within 1 or 2C. This is especiallytrue for low-boiling solvents such as methyl alcohol or acetone.A large electric heater tends to distort the dry point due to theheating effect of infrared radiation on the bulb of the thermom-eter, while a properly adjusted gas burner minimizes this effect.The following test methods are commonly used in determiningdistillation ranges:7.2.1 Test Method D 1078, using a 200-mL flask, high-precision partial immersion thermometers, and gas or electricheat. The latter may be used only after it has proven to giveresults com
