1、Designation: D 333 01 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Guide forClear and Pigmented Lacquers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 333; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing lacquersand lacquer coatings. The test methods included are listed inTable 1.NOTE 1In accordanc
3、e with Terminology D16, a lacquer is defined asa coating composition that is based on synthetic thermoplastic filmformingmaterial dissolved in organic solvent(s) and that dries primarily by solventevaporation. Typical lacquers include those based on nitrocellulose, othercellulose derivatives, vinyl
4、resins, acrylic resins, etc.NOTE 2Lacquers may be applied under such diverse conditions, to somany different surfaces, and their dried films may be subjected to so manykinds of wear and exposure that it is not possible to assure desiredperformance from a single selection of test methods and numerica
5、l resultstherefrom. Those skilled in lacquer technology may find partial assuranceof obtaining desired qualities in various types of lacquers through carefulselection of the methods covered herein and intelligent interpretation ofresults therefrom.NOTE 3It is intended ultimately to remove all experi
6、mental proce-dures from Test Methods D 333 and to establish them as a guide to theselection of test methods for lacquer and perhaps to interpretation ofresults therefrom. Temporarily there remain in Test Methods D 333 a fewtests that are too short or otherwise presently unsuitable for establishmentu
7、nder separate ASTM designations.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user o
8、f this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and Ap
9、plicationsD56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD88 Test Method for Saybolt ViscosityD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 522 Test Metho
10、ds for Mandrel Bend Test of AttachedOrganic CoatingsD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting onPainted Steel SurfacesD 6
11、58 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Air Blast Abrasive3D 659 Method of Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exte-rior Paints3D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior PaintsD 662 Test Metho
12、d for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Pa
13、nelsD 870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water ImmersionD 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Falling AbrasiveD 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD 1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Expo
14、sure Tests ofPaints and Coatings on Metal SubstratesD 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base31This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is th
15、e direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 333 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.
16、org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
17、D 1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD 1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)D 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageD 1211 Test Method for Temperature-Change Resistance ofClear Nitrocellulose Lacquer F
18、ilms Applied to Wood3D 1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals onClear and Pigmented Organic FinishesD 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive CoatingsApplied toa Nonferrous Metal Base3D 1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of OrganicCoa
19、tingsD 1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD 1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell Sys-temD 1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids(Gardner Color Scale)D 1644 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of VarnishesD 1729 Practice for Visual Appra
20、isal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 1733 Method of Preparation of Aluminum Alloy Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products3D 1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water Fog ApparatusD 1737 Method for Elongation of
21、 Attached Organic Coat-ings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus3D 2090 Test Method for Clarity and Cleanness of Paint andInk Liquids3D 2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of LacquersD 2199 Test Method for Measurement of Plasticizer Migra-tion From Vinyl Fabrics to LacquersD 2204 Test Method for Per
22、spiration Resistance of OrganicCoatings3D 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2620 Test Method for Light Stability of Clear Coatings3D 2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-tometryD 3170 Test Method for
23、 Chipping Resistance of CoatingsD 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusE 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects byUsing the CIE System3. Significance and Use3.1 These test methods are intended to compile as well asprovide screening tests in evaluat
24、ing clear and pigmentedlacquers as used in different coating operations.3.2 Each coating system may contain from a simple onecoat operation to a multicoat finishing system.3.3 The substrates may be varied, ferrous and non ferrous,plastic or wood which can affect the performance of a givencoating sys
25、tem.3.4 Substrate cleaning, chemically or physically, is an es-sential and critical aspect to the performance of the coatingsystem.TABLE 1 List of Test MethodsTest Method SectionASTMMethodGeneral Requirements 4 .Liquid Materials:Color of Clear Lacquers:Gardner Color ScalePlatinum-Cobalt ScaleFlash P
26、oint:99D 1544D 1209Tag Closed Cup 11 D 56,D93,D 3278Homogeneity:Clarity and Cleanness 8 D 2090Fineness of Pigment Grind 8 D 1210Nonvolatile Matter 7 D 1644Sample Preparation 5 .Viscosity:Ford Cup (Efflux) 10 D 1200Kinematic High Precision 10 D 445Weight per Gallon (Density) 6 D 1475Dried Films:Abras
27、ion Resistance:Air Blast Abrasion Tester 19 D 658Falling Sand Method 19 D 968Chip Resistance: 30 D 3170Color-Pigmented Coatings:Spectrophotometric MethodMunsell Color SystemColor Difference-Pigmented Coatings:1515E 308D 1535Visual Method 16 D 1729Instrumental Evaluation of ColorDifferences of Opaque
28、 Materials 16 D 2244Elongation:Conical MandrelCylindrical MandrelFilm Thickness:1717D 522D 1737Nondestructive Magnetic BaseNondestructive Nonmagnetic Metallic Base1313D 1186D 1400Penetration Thickness GageDial ComparatorGloss:1313D 1400D 1005Specular Gloss 14 D 523Hardness Indentation Method 18 D 14
29、74Hiding Power 27 D 2805Household Chemical Resistance 21 D 1308Light Stability 31 D 2620Outdoor Exposure:Preparation of Coated Panels:Aluminum Alloy PanelsSteel PanelsTest Procedures:2222D 1733D 609Exposure Tests Using Steel Panels 22 D 1014Evaluating Blistering 22 D 714Evaluating Chalking 22 D 659E
30、valuating Checking 22 D 660Evaluating Cracking 22 D 661Evaluating Rusting 22 D 610Evaluating Erosion 22 D 662Evaluating Flaking 22 D 772Panel Preparation:Manual Spraying Method 12 .Automatic Application 12 D 823Perspiration Resistance 28 D 2204Plasticizer Migration 29 D 2199Print Test 20 D 2091Salt
31、Fog 24 B 117Temperature-Change Resistance 23 D 1211Water Fog Testing 25 D 1735Water Immersion Test 26 D 870D 333 01 (2007)23.5 Results from the various tests are not necessarily alluseful in evaluating the performance of the different types ofcoating systems used on the many varied substrates.4. Gen
32、eral Requirements4.1 All tests shall be made in diffused light (not in directsunlight), and at 23 6 2C (73.5 6 3.5F) and 50 6 5%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified.5. Preparation of Sample5.1 Many clear lacquers and all pigmented lacquers containsuspended solids that have a tendency to set
33、tle to the bottom ofthe container. Stir any settled portion with a paddle or spatulaand then shake vigorously for 10 min on a mechanical agitator.Since many lacquer solvents are extremely volatile, careshould be taken during sampling and testing to avoid loss ofsignificant amounts of volatile matter
34、.6. Weight Per Gallon6.1 Determine the density as described in Test MethodD 1475. This method is particularly adaptable for high-viscosity fluids or where a component is too volatile for aspecific gravity balance determination. If a weight per galloncup of 83.2-mL capacity is used, calculation of we
35、ight pergallon is simplified.7. Nonvolatile Matter7.1 Nonvolatile matter determination is an indication of theamount of permanent film-forming material contained in alacquer. At ambient temperatures, drying of a lacquer film mayinvolve gradual loss of slowly volatile solvents, hence solidsdeterminat
36、ions may differ from those resulting from a nonvola-tile determination accelerated by a higher temperature.7.2 Determine the nonvolatile content of lacquers as de-scribed in Test Methods D 1644. As an additional requirement,the specimen shall be reheated and reweighed until the weightis constant to
37、within 1 mg. Test Method A of Test MethodsD 1644 is preferred since Method B is potentially dangerouswhen used with lacquers.8. Homogeneity8.1 Good quality lacquers and their ingredients should beuniformly constituted and free from particles of foreign matter.8.2 Determine the presence or absence of
38、 foreign matter innonpigmented liquids for use in paints and lacquers or lacquersthemselves as described in Test Method D 2090.8.3 Determine the degree of dispersion (commonly referredto as “fineness of grind”) of pigment, semiquantitatively, inpigmented coating systems in accordance with Test Metho
39、dD 1210.9. Color9.1 The color of a clear lacquer is only a preliminaryindication of the color of a dried film of lacquer. The initialcolor may bleach and another color may appear under certainconditions of exposure.9.2 Determine the color of clear lacquers as described inTest Method D 1544. This met
40、hod gives a comparison of thecolor of the sample with that of a color reference standard.9.3 Determine the color of essentially water-white lacquersin accordance with Test Method D 1209. This method shall beused where the color-producing bodies in the lacquer have verynearly the same light-absorptio
41、n characteristics as those of theplatinum-cobalt standards.10. Viscosity10.1 The viscosity of a lacquer is a property that can be usedas a guide in determining the ease with which a given lacquermay be applied. For example, lacquers designed for sprayapplication may be low in viscosity whereas they
42、are high fordoctor blade or roller application.10.2 Determine the viscosity of clear and pigmented fin-ishes designed for spray application as described in TestMethod D 1200. This method is not recommended for lacquerswith viscosities requiring more than 100 s efflux time.10.3 For precise viscosity
43、determinations in the range from0.4 to 16 000 cSt proceed in accordance with Test MethodD 445.NOTE 4Caution should be observed in that it is recognized thatchanges in viscosity may occur in lacquers upon aging.11. Flash Point11.1 The organic solvents used in lacquers have character-istic flash point
44、s. The flash point of a liquid is defined as thelowest temperature, corrected to 760 mmHg (101.3 kPa ) ofpressure, of the sample at which application of an ignitionsource causes the vapor of the sample to ignite under specifiedconditions of test.11.2 Determine the flash point by Test Method D56or Te
45、stMethods D93for liquid storage regulations of OccupationalSafety and HealthAdministration (OSHA) of U. S. Departmentof Labor and for classification of hazardous liquids for ship-ments under the regulations of U. S. Department of Transpor-tation and bulk shipments by water.11.2.1 Determine the flash
46、 point of lacquer or lacquermaterials having a viscosity less than 9.5 cSt at 25C (77F) or45 SUS at 37.8C (100F) (Test Method D88) by Test MethodD56and of lacquers having a viscosity of more than 9.5 cSt at25C (77F) or 45 SUS at 37.8C (100F) by Method A of TestMethods D93. Use Method B of Test Metho
47、ds D93wheneverthere is a question that the heat transfer within a viscouslacquer is not sufficient to assure an accurate flash point. Inaddition, use Method B when testing pigmented lacquers orsuspensions of solids and liquids which tend to skin under testconditions.11.3 Test Methods D 3278, which g
48、ive comparable resultsto Test Method D56and Test Methods D93while requiring asmaller specimen and less time to run, may be used as analternative method.12. Panel Preparation12.1 In the evaluation of coated panels a uniform dry filmthickness of lacquer is essential in order to eliminate any effectdue
49、 to film thickness. Unless otherwise specified, the dry filmthicknesses shall be as follows:D 333 01 (2007)3Mils MicrometresLacquer primer 0.3 to 0.6 8 to 15Lacquer primer surfacer 1.0 to 2.0 25 to 50Clear lacquer 1.0 to 1.2 25 to 31Gloss pigmented lacquer 1.0 to 1.2 25 to 31Lacquer putties 4.0 to 6.0 100 to 15012.2 Panels may be prepared by either manual or automaticapplication of lacquers. First reduce lacquers with the specifiedthinner (if reduction is required) to the required dilution solidsor viscosity. If no viscosity is specified, spray with standard-type guns
