1、Designation: D 345 02Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Calcium Chloride for Roads andStructural Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers samp
3、ling of solid and liquidforms of calcium chloride, and sieve analysis of solid formcalcium chloride. Referee procedures for chemical analysis arecovered in Test Methods E 449.1.2 A rapid method of chemical analysis is shown inAppendix X1. This rapid method is not to be used fordetermining chemical c
4、ompliance of calcium chloride withspecification requirements, such as in Specification D 98.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of th
5、is standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregates2D 98 Specification for Calcium Chloride3D 140 Practice for
6、 Sampling Bituminous Materials3E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes4E 449 Test Methods for Analysis of Calcium Chloride53. Significance and Use3.1 This test method describes procedures to be used forsampling calcium chloride, and for determining grading ofsolid forms of c
7、alcium chloride for comparison with therequirements of a specification, such as Specification D 98.4. Apparatus4.1 Sampling Equipment:4.1.1 Sampling TubeMetal tube, approximately 25 to 40mm (1 to 112 in.) diameter, and of appropriate length (500 mm(20 in.), minimum) for sampling solid-form calcium c
8、hloride.4.1.2 Sampling BottleSampling devices such as describedin Practice D 140 for sampling liquid calcium chloride.4.1.3 Sampling ContainersGlass bottles or semi-rigidplastic containers with covers with airtight seal for protectingthe samples from time of sampling until the samples ae used intest
9、ing. The containers for solid-form calcium chloride shallhave wide mouths or openings for solid-form calcium chloride.4.2 Sieves, with the size openings required for the test, shallconform to the requirements of Specification E 11.4.3 Balances, having a capacity of at least 250 g, shall bereadable t
10、o 0.1 g, and shall be accurate to 0.1 g or 0.1 % of thetest load, whichever is greater, at any point within the range ofuse.5. Sampling5.1 Solid-Form Calcium Chloride:5.1.1 Package ShipmentsSelect not less than three con-tainers at random from the shipment. For drums, sample eachof the containers by
11、 scraping aside the top layer to a depth ofapproximately 25 mm (1 in.) and taking 0.5-kg (1-lb) samplesby means of a sampling tube or other method that will ensurea sample that is representative of a cross section of thematerials in the container to a depth of at least 150 mm (6 in.).For bags, take
12、0.5-kg (1 lb) samples by means of a samplingtube penetrating at least 300 mm (1 ft) into the bag. For smallcontainers with capacity not more than 5 kg (10 lb), use theentire contents of the container.5.1.2 Bulk ShipmentsSelect samples from at least threelocations in the shipment. Scrape aside the to
13、p layer to a depthof approximately 300 mm (1 ft). Using a sampling tube, obtaina sample extending from the cleared surface to at least 50 % ofthe depth of the material in the container, or a depth ofapproximately1m(3ft), whichever is less. Each sample shallcontain at least 0.5 kg (1 lb) of material.
14、5.1.3 Use caution during the sampling operation to avoid1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.31 onCalcium and Sodium Chlorides and Other Deicing Materials.Current edition approved July 10, 2
15、002. Published July 2002. Originallypublished as D 345 32 T. Last previous edition D 345 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
16、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.exposing the sample unduly to atmospheric moisture. Imme-diately and thoroughly mix the individual samples to form arepresentative composite sample of material and store in asealed glass or suitable plastic container.5.2 Liqu
17、id-Form Calcium Chloride, Bulk Shipments orStorageObtain a sample of at least 500 mL (1 pt) from thebulk shipping container or storage tank or during discharge.Recirculate the solution in the tank until it is homogenous, thentake one or more samples by means of an appropriate samplingdevice.5.2.1 Us
18、e caution during the sampling operation to avoidexposing the sample unduly to atmospheric moisture. If morethan one sample is taken, immediately and thoroughly mix theindividual samples to form a representative composite sampleof material and store in a sealed glass or suitable plasticcontainer.6. P
19、rocedure6.1 Sieve Analysis:6.1.1 Sieve approximately 200 g of calcium chloride,weighed to the nearest 0.1 g, in conformance with MethodC 136, except that sieving shall be completed within 1 min 65 s (see Note 1). Use the sieve sizes necessary to provide theinformation required by the specification c
20、overing the material,and such other sizes as necessary to regulate the amount ofmaterial on a sieve, together with a bottom pan and a cover.Report the sieve analysis on the basis of the grading require-ments in Specification D 98 or other applicable specification.NOTE 1It is important that the sievi
21、ng be completed within approxi-mately 1 min and weighing be completed quickly due to the hygroscopicnature of calcium chloride. When possible, the sieve analysis should beperformed in an area with low relative humidity.6.2 Chemical AnalysisDetermine the chemical composi-tion of the sample using Test
22、 Method E 449.7. Precision and Bias7.1 Sieve Analysis:7.1.1 PrecisionPrecision indexes for sieving calciumchloride have not been determined. Use the precision indexesof Test Method C 136 as a guide for the sieve analysis carriedout under this test method.7.1.2 BiasSince there is no accepted referenc
23、e materialsuitable for determining bias for the procedure for measuringthe sieve analysis of calcium chloride, no statement on bias isbeing made.8. Keywords8.1 calcium chloride; grading; sampling; sieve analysisD 3452APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RAPID METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR CALCIUM CHLORIDE
24、X1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 This appendix covers a rapid method for chemicalanalysis of calcium chloride.X1.2 Significance and UseX1.2.1 The procedure for chemical analysis in this appendixdetermines total chlorides (CaCl2, MgCl2, NaCl, KCl, etc.)present in the sample and expresses that value as calciumchlorid
25、e.X1.2.2 This rapid method only determines total chlorides,and does not guarantee that the chloride is present as calciumchloride, therefore no material should be accepted or rejectedunder this method of analysis. However, when used in con-junction with Test Method E 449 on continuing shipments from
26、a given source, the procedure may be used to determinechanges in the composition of the material being furnished,especially with regard to moisture content. Thus the frequencyof testing by Test Method E 449 may be reduced.X1.3 ApparatusX1.3.1 GlasswareStandard weighing bottles, volumetricflasks, and
27、 burets.X1.3.2 Balance, as described in 4.3.X1.4 ReagentsX1.4.1 Nitric acid (HNO3),1+1byvolume.X1.4.2 Dichlorofluorescein0.1 % aqueous solution of thesodium salt of dichlorofluorescein.X1.4.3 Silver Nitrate Solution0.1 N AgNO3.X1.4.4 Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH).X1.5 ProcedureX1.5.1 Weigh a 20.0 6 0.2
28、-g sample in a weighing bottle.Add distilled water to solid form calcium chloride to dissolve.Add sufficient nitric acid (HNO3) (1 + 1) to clear, dilute to1000 mL in a volumetric flask, and mix thoroughly. Titrate a10-mL aliquot, containing five to seven drops of the dichlorof-luorescein solution as
29、 indicator, with 0.1 N silver nitrate(AgNO3) solution to a pink end point. Use of other suitableindicators is permitted.X1.5.2 This procedure is not suitable for testing the materialif more than a slight precipitate of magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2) appears when a 10 % filtered solution of thematerial
30、 is made alkaline with ammonium hydroxide(NH4OH).X1.6 CalculationX1.6.1 Calculate the total chlorides expressed as percentCaCl2, C, as follows:C 5 mL 0.1 N AgNO33 2.77 (X1.1)X1.7 Precision and BiasX1.7.1 This procedure for chemical analysis is not intendedfor precise measurement or determination of
31、specificationcompliance. Statements for precision and bias are therefore notnecessary.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of t
32、he validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Yo
33、ur comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comment
34、s have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3453
