1、Designation: D345 02 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Calcium Chloride for Roads andStructural Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test met
3、hod covers sampling of solid and liquidforms of calcium chloride, and sieve analysis of solid formcalcium chloride. Referee procedures for chemical analysis arecovered in Test Methods E449.1.2 A rapid method of chemical analysis is shown inAppendix X1. This rapid method is not to be used fordetermin
4、ing chemical compliance of calcium chloride withspecification requirements, such as in Specification D98.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof t
5、he user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesD98 Specification for Calcium ChlorideD140 Pra
6、ctice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE449 Test Methods for Analysis of Calcium Chloride3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method describes procedures to be used forsampling calcium chloride, and for determining grading ofsolid forms
7、 of calcium chloride for comparison with therequirements of a specification, such as Specification D98.4. Apparatus4.1 Sampling Equipment:4.1.1 Sampling TubeMetal tube, approximately 25 to 40mm (1 to 112 in.) diameter, and of appropriate length (500 mm(20 in.), minimum) for sampling solid-form calci
8、um chloride.4.1.2 Sampling BottleSampling devices such as describedin Practice D140 for sampling liquid calcium chloride.4.1.3 Sampling ContainersGlass bottles or semi-rigidplastic containers with covers with airtight seal for protectingthe samples from time of sampling until the samples ae used int
9、esting. The containers for solid-form calcium chloride shallhave wide mouths or openings for solid-form calcium chloride.4.2 Sieves, with the size openings required for the test, shallconform to the requirements of Specification E11.4.3 Balances, having a capacity of at least 250 g, shall bereadable
10、 to 0.1 g, and shall be accurate to 0.1 g or 0.1 % of thetest load, whichever is greater, at any point within the range ofuse.5. Sampling5.1 Solid-Form Calcium Chloride:5.1.1 Package ShipmentsSelect not less than three con-tainers at random from the shipment. For drums, sample eachof the containers
11、by scraping aside the top layer to a depth ofapproximately 25 mm (1 in.) and taking 0.5 kg (1 lb) samplesby means of a sampling tube or other method that will ensurea sample that is representative of a cross section of thematerials in the container to a depth of at least 150 mm (6 in.).For bags, tak
12、e 0.5 kg (1 lb) samples by means of a samplingtube penetrating at least 300 mm (1 ft) into the bag. For smallcontainers with capacity not more than 5 kg (10 lb), use theentire contents of the container.5.1.2 Bulk ShipmentsSelect samples from at least threelocations in the shipment. Scrape aside the
13、top layer to a depthof approximately 300 mm (1 ft). Using a sampling tube, obtaina sample extending from the cleared surface to at least 50 % ofthe depth of the material in the container, or a depth of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and i
14、s the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.31 onCalcium and Sodium Chlorides and Other Deicing Materials.Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallypublished as D345 32 T. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D345 02.DOI: 10.1520/D0345-02R10.2For referenced
15、ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
16、ohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.approximately1m(3ft), whichever is less. Each sample shallcontain at least 0.5 kg (1 lb) of material.5.1.3 Use caution during the sampling operation to avoidexposing the sample unduly to atmospheric moisture. Imme-diately and thoroughly mix the individual sample
17、s to form arepresentative composite sample of material and store in asealed glass or suitable plastic container.5.2 Liquid-Form Calcium Chloride, Bulk Shipments orStorageObtain a sample of at least 500 mL (1 pt) from thebulk shipping container or storage tank or during discharge.Recirculate the solu
18、tion in the tank until it is homogenous, thentake one or more samples by means of an appropriate samplingdevice.5.2.1 Use caution during the sampling operation to avoidexposing the sample unduly to atmospheric moisture. If morethan one sample is taken, immediately and thoroughly mix theindividual sa
19、mples to form a representative composite sampleof material and store in a sealed glass or suitable plasticcontainer.6. Procedure6.1 Sieve Analysis:6.1.1 Sieve approximately 200 g of calcium chloride,weighed to the nearest 0.1 g, in conformance with MethodC136, except that sieving shall be completed
20、within 1 min 65s (see Note 1). Use the sieve sizes necessary to provide theinformation required by the specification covering the material,and such other sizes as necessary to regulate the amount ofmaterial on a sieve, together with a bottom pan and a cover.Report the sieve analysis on the basis of
21、the grading require-ments in Specification D98 or other applicable specification.NOTE 1It is important that the sieving be completed within approxi-mately 1 min and weighing be completed quickly due to the hygroscopicnature of calcium chloride. When possible, the sieve analysis should beperformed in
22、 an area with low relative humidity.6.2 Chemical AnalysisDetermine the chemical composi-tion of the sample using Test Method E449.7. Precision and Bias7.1 Sieve Analysis:7.1.1 PrecisionPrecision indexes for sieving calciumchloride have not been determined. Use the precision indexesof Test Method C13
23、6 as a guide for the sieve analysis carriedout under this test method.7.1.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining bias for the procedure for measuringthe sieve analysis of calcium chloride, no statement on bias isbeing made.8. Keywords8.1 calcium chloride; grading
24、; sampling; sieve analysisD345 02 (2010)2APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RAPID METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR CALCIUM CHLORIDEX1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 This appendix covers a rapid method for chemicalanalysis of calcium chloride.X1.2 Significance and UseX1.2.1 The procedure for chemical analysis in this append
25、ixdetermines total chlorides (CaCl2, MgCl2, NaCl, KCl, etc.)present in the sample and expresses that value as calciumchloride.X1.2.2 This rapid method only determines total chlorides,and does not guarantee that the chloride is present as calciumchloride, therefore no material should be accepted or r
26、ejectedunder this method of analysis. However, when used in con-junction with Test Method E449 on continuing shipments froma given source, the procedure may be used to determinechanges in the composition of the material being furnished,especially with regard to moisture content. Thus the frequencyof
27、 testing by Test Method E449 may be reduced.X1.3 ApparatusX1.3.1 GlasswareStandard weighing bottles, volumetricflasks, and burets.X1.3.2 Balance, as described in 4.3.X1.4 ReagentsX1.4.1 Nitric acid (HNO3),1+1byvolume.X1.4.2 Dichlorofluorescein0.1 % aqueous solution of thesodium salt of dichlorofluor
28、escein.X1.4.3 Silver Nitrate Solution0.1 N AgNO3.X1.4.4 Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH).X1.5 ProcedureX1.5.1 Weigh a 20.0 6 0.2 g sample in a weighing bottle.Add distilled water to solid form calcium chloride to dissolve.Add sufficient nitric acid (HNO3) (1 + 1) to clear, dilute to1000 mL in a volumetric
29、 flask, and mix thoroughly. Titrate a10-mL aliquot, containing five to seven drops of the dichlorof-luorescein solution as indicator, with 0.1 N silver nitrate(AgNO3) solution to a pink end point. Use of other suitableindicators is permitted.X1.5.2 This procedure is not suitable for testing the mate
30、rialif more than a slight precipitate of magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2) appears when a 10 % filtered solution of thematerial is made alkaline with ammonium hydroxide(NH4OH).X1.6 CalculationX1.6.1 Calculate the total chlorides expressed as percentCaCl2, C, as follows:C 5 mL 0.1 N AgNO33 2.77 (X1.1)X1.7
31、 Precision and BiasX1.7.1 This procedure for chemical analysis is not intendedfor precise measurement or determination of specificationcompliance. Statements for precision and bias are therefore notnecessary.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted i
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34、eful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internation
35、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D345 02 (2010)3
