1、Designation: D396 15aD396 15bStandard Specification forFuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D396; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates
2、 the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in v
3、arious types of fuel-oil-burning equipmentunder various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and smallindustrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1
4、 S500 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storageconditions require low pour point fuel.1.1.2 Grades B6B20 S500 and B6B20 S5000 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and smallindustrial burners.1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distilla
5、te fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used inindustrial burners. Preheating is usually required for
6、handling and proper atomization.NOTE 1For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.NOTE 2A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in form
7、ulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchasesof fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be mo
8、re restrictive.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informationon the subje
9、ct, see Guide D4865.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD95 Test Method for Water in Petrol
10、eum Products and Bituminous Materials by DistillationD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD445
11、Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction MethodD482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Pr
12、oductsD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E
13、0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved March 1, 2015June 1, 2015. Published March 2015June 2015. Originally approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2015 asD396 15.D396 15a. DOI: 10.1520/D0396-15A.10.1520/D0396-15B.2 For referencedASTM sta
14、ndards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an
15、ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publish
16、ed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D129
17、8 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and IR DetectionD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method f
18、or Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by
19、Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur
20、 in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5453 Test Method for Determi
21、nation of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Produ
22、ctsD5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)D5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)D5985 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fu
23、el SystemsD6749 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD6892 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Robotic Tilt Method)D7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, D
24、iesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)D7094 Test M
25、ethod for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) TesterD7220 Test Method for Sulfur inAutomotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7346 Test Method for No Flow Point and Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD7371 Test Method for De
26、termination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid InfraredSpectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Diesel Fuel Excise Tax; Dye Color a
27、nd Concentration340 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuel and Fuel Additives3EN 14078 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Content in Middle Distillates Infrared Spectrometry Method4EN 15751 Automotive FuelsFattyAcid Methyl Ester (FAME) Fuel and Blends with Diesel FuelDetermination of OxidationS
28、tability by Accelerated Oxidation Method43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats,designated B100.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel with fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn
29、the abbreviation BXX, the XX represents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.4 Available from the National CEN members listed on the CEN website
30、 (www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC 19 Secretariat (astmnen.nl).D396 15b23.1.3 hydrocarbon oil, na homogeneous mixture with elemental composition primarily of carbon and hydrogen that may alsocontain sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen from residual impurities and contaminants associated with the fuels raw
31、materials andmanufacturing processes and excluding added oxygenated materials.3.1.3.1 DiscussionNeither macro nor micro emulsions are included in this definition since neither are homogeneous mixtures.3.1.3.2 DiscussionExamples of excluded oxygenated materials are alcohols, esters, ethers, and trigl
32、ycerides.3.1.3.3 DiscussionThe hydrocarbon oil may be manufactured from a variety of raw materials, for example, petroleum (crude oil), oil sands, naturalgas, coal, and biomass. Appendix X3 discusses some matters for consideration regarding the use of fuel oils from feedstocks otherthan petroleum.4.
33、 General Requirements4.1 The grades of fuel oil specified herein shall be hydrocarbon oils, except as provided in 4.3, free from inorganic acid, andfree from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. The inclusion of additives to enhance performance properties, ifrequired, is allowed.NOT
34、E 4Additives are generally included in finished fuel oil to improve performance properties (stability, pour point, and so forth).4.2 All grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light andheavy oil components outside the viscosity l
35、imits for the grade.4.3 Fuels Blended with BiodieselThe detailed requirements for fuels blended with biodiesel shall be as follows:4.3.1 Biodiesel for BlendingIf biodiesel is a component of any fuel oil, the biodiesel shall meet the requirements ofSpecification D6751.4.3.2 The remainder of the fuel
36、oil shall be fuel oil conforming to Specification D396 Grades No. 1 or No. 2 of any sulfur levelspecified, with the exception that fuel oil whose sulfur level falls outside of Specification D396 may be blended with biodieselmeeting Specification D6751, provided the finished mixture meets this specif
37、ication.4.3.3 Fuel oil containing up to 5 percent by volume biodiesel shall meet the requirements for the appropriate grade No. 1 or No.2 fuel as listed in Table 1.4.3.4 Fuel oil containing 6. to 20. percent by volume biodiesel shall meet the requirements for the appropriate grade B6 to B20as listed
38、 in Table 1.4.3.5 Test Method D7371 shall be used for determination of the percent by volume biodiesel in a biodiesel blend. Test MethodEN 14078 may also be used. In cases of dispute,Test Method D7371 shall be the referee test method. See Practice E29 for guidanceon significant digits.4.3.6 Fuel oil
39、s containing more than 20. percent by volume biodiesel component are not included in this specification.4.3.7 Biodiesel blends with Grades 4, 5, or 6 are not covered by this specification.5. Detailed Requirements5.1 The various grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements shown in T
40、able 1. A representative sample shallbe taken for testing in accordance with Practice D4057.5.2 Modifications of limiting requirements to meet special operating conditions agreed upon between the purchaser, the seller,and the supplier shall fall within limits specified for each grade, except as stat
41、ed in supplementary footnotes for Table 1.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The reader is strongly advised to review all intended test methods prior to sampling in order to understand the importanceand effects of sampling technique, proper containers, and special handling required for
42、each test method.6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtaining a sample representative of the fuel oil to be tested. Refer to X1.4 forrecommendations. The recommended procedures or practices provide techniques useful in the proper sampling or handling of fuelsoils.D396 15b37. Test Method
43、s7.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods,5 except as may be required under 7.1.1.7.1.1 Flash PointTest Method D93 (Procedure A) for Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No.4 (Light), and Test
44、Method D93 (Procedure B) for Grades No. 4, No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. For Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 4 (Light), Test MethodsD3828 and D7094 may be used as an alternative with the same limits. For Gra
45、des No. 1, No. 1 Low Sulfur, No. 2, and No. 2 LowSulfur, Test Method D56 may be used as an alternative with the same limits, provided the flash point is below 93 C and theviscosity is below 5.5 mm2 /s at 40 C. This test method will give slightly lower values. In cases of dispute, Test Method D93, wi
46、ththe appropriate procedure, shall be used as the referee method.5 For information on the precision of theASTM test methods for fuel oils refer to “An Evaluation of Methods for Determination of Sulfur in Fuel Oils” byA. R. Crawford,Esso Mathematics and Systems Inc. and G. V. Dyroff, Esso Research an
47、d Engineering Co., 1969. This document is available from the Publications Section, API Library,American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20005.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Fuel OilsA,BProperty ASTM TestMethodC No. 1S500C No. 1S5000C No. 2S500C No. 2S5000C B6B20S500C B6B20S500
48、0C No. 4(Light)C No. 4 No. 5(Light) No. 5(Heavy) No. 6Flash Point, C, min D93 Proc. AD93 Proc. B38.38.38.38.38 38 38.55.55.55.60Water and sediment, percent byvolume, maxD2709 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 . . . . .D95 + D473 . . . . (0.50)D (0.50)D (1.00)D (1.00)D (2.00)DDistillation Temperature, C
49、D8610 % volume recovered, max 215 215 . . . .90 % volume recovered, min . . 282 282 282 28290 % volume recovered, max 288 288 338 338 343 343Kinematic viscosity at 40 C, mm2/s D445min 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.9 5.5 . . .max 2.4 2.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 5.5 24.0EKinematic viscosity at 100 C,mm2/sD445min . . . . . . 5.0 9.0 15.0max . . . . . . 8.9E 14.9E 50.0ERamsbottom carbon residue on10 %distillation residue percent bymass, maxD524 0.15 0.15 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 . . . . .Ash, percent by mass, max D482 . . . . 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.15 .Sulfur, percent
