1、Designation: D396 15cStandard Specification forFuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D396; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the yea
2、r of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oilintended for use in various ty
3、pes of fuel-oil-burning equipmentunder various climatic and operating conditions. These gradesare described as follows:1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, andNo. 2 S500 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic andsmall industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500are pa
4、rticularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or wherestorage conditions require low pour point fuel.1.1.2 Grades B6B20 S500 and B6B20 S5000 are middledistillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and smallindustrial burners.1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillatefuels or mi
5、ddle distillate/residual fuel blends used incommercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosityrange.1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 areresidual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used inindustrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handlingand prope
6、r atomization.NOTE 1For information on the significance of the terminology andtest methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.NOTE 2A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is givenin X1.3.1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agenciesin formulating specification
7、s to be included in contracts forpurchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fueloils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which can be morerestrictive.1.4 The v
8、alues stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the subject, see Guide D4865.2. Re
9、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous
10、Materials by DistillationD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic
11、Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oilsby the Extraction MethodD482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD664 Test Method for A
12、cid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1552
13、Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHigh Temperature Combustion and IR DetectionD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuel
14、s, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and MarineFuels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D396 15b. DOI:10.1520/D0396-15C.
15、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stan
16、dardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution
17、of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Au
18、tomatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipatio
19、n of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility MeasurementD5854 Practi
20、ce for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products(Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)D5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products(Automatic Tilt Method)D5985 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products(
21、Rotational Method)D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6749 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products(Automatic Air Pressure Method)D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)for Middle Distillate FuelsD6892 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Pro
22、ducts(Robotic Tilt Method)D7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger
23、Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)D7094 Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continu-ously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) TesterD7220 Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, andJet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-rayFluorescence SpectrometryD7346 Test Method for No Flow
24、 Point and Pour Point ofPetroleum Products and Liquid FuelsD7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (FattyAcid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using MidInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)D7861 Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid MethylEsters (FAME) in Diesel Fuel by
25、 Linear Variable Filter(LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared SpectroscopyE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Diesel Fuel Excise Tax; Dye Color andConcentration340 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuel and Fuel Additiv
26、es3EN 14078 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester(FAME) Content in Middle Distillates Infrared Spec-trometry Method4EN 15751 Automotive FuelsFatty Acid Methyl Ester(FAME) Fuel and Blends with Diesel FuelDetermination of Oxidation Stability by Accelerated Oxi-dation Method43. Terminology3.1 Defini
27、tions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel withfuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation BXX, the XX rep-resents the volume percentage of b
28、iodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 hydrocarbon oil, na homogeneous mixture withelemental composition primarily of carbon and hydrogen thatmay also contain sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen from residualimpurities and contaminants associated with the fuels rawmaterials and manufacturing processes and excludi
29、ng addedoxygenated materials.3.1.3.1 DiscussionNeither macro nor micro emulsions areincluded in this definition since neither are homogeneousmixtures.3.1.3.2 DiscussionExamples of excluded oxygenated ma-terials are alcohols, esters, ethers, and triglycerides.3.1.3.3 DiscussionThe hydrocarbon oil may
30、 be manufac-tured from a variety of raw materials, for example, petroleum(crude oil), oil sands, natural gas, coal, and biomass. AppendixX3 discusses some matters for consideration regarding the useof fuel oils from feedstocks other than petroleum.4. General Requirements4.1 The grades of fuel oil sp
31、ecified herein shall be hydro-carbon oils, except as provided in 4.3, free from inorganic acid,and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreignmatter. The inclusion of additives to enhance performanceproperties, if required, is allowed.NOTE 4Additives are generally included in finished fu
32、el oil toimprove performance properties (stability, pour point, and so forth).3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.4Available from the National CEN members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be) or
33、 from the CEN/TC 19 Secretariat (astmnen.nl).D396 15c24.2 All grades containing residual components shall remainuniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into lightand heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for thegrade.4.3 Fuels Blended with BiodieselThe detailed require-ment
34、s for fuels blended with biodiesel shall be as follows:4.3.1 Biodiesel for BlendingIf biodiesel is a component ofany fuel oil, the biodiesel shall meet the requirements ofSpecification D6751.4.3.2 The remainder of the fuel oil shall be fuel oil con-forming to Specification D396 Grades No. 1 or No. 2
35、 of anysulfur level specified, with the exception that fuel oil whosesulfur level falls outside of Specification D396 may be blendedwith biodiesel meeting Specification D6751, provided thefinished mixture meets this specification.4.3.3 Fuel oil containing up to 5 percent by volume bio-diesel shall m
36、eet the requirements for the appropriate gradeNo. 1 or No. 2 fuel as listed in Table 1.4.3.4 Fuel oil containing 6. to 20. percent by volumebiodiesel shall meet the requirements for the appropriate gradeB6 to B20 as listed in Table 1.4.3.5 Test Method D7371 shall be used for determination ofthe perc
37、ent by volume biodiesel in a biodiesel blend. TestMethod EN 14078 or Test Method D7861 may also be used. Incases of dispute, Test Method D7371 shall be the referee testmethod. See Practice E29 for guidance on significant digits.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Fuel OilsA,BPropertyASTM TestMethodCNo
38、. 1S500CNo. 1S5000CNo. 2S500CNo. 2S5000CB6B20S500CB6B20S5000CNo. 4(Light)CNo. 4No. 5(Light)No. 5(Heavy)No. 6Flash Point, C, min D93 Proc. AD93 Proc. B38.38.38.38.38 38 38.55.55.55.60Water and sediment, percent byvolume, maxD2709 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 . . . . .D95 + D473 . . . . (0.50)D(0.50)
39、D(1.00)D(1.00)D(2.00)DDistillation Temperature, C D8610 % volume recovered, max 215 215 . . . .90 % volume recovered, min . . 282 282 282 28290 % volume recovered, max 288 288 338 338 343 343Kinematic viscosity at 40 C, mm2/s D445min 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.9 5.5 . . .max 2.4 2.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 5
40、.5 24.0EKinematic viscosity at 100 C,mm2/sD445min . . . . . . 5.0 9.0 15.0max . . . . . . 8.9E14.9E50.0ERamsbottom carbon residue on10 %distillation residue percent bymass, maxD524 0.15 0.15 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 . . . . .Ash, percent by mass, max D482 . . . . 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.15 .Sulfur, percent by m
41、ass maxFD2622 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.5Copper strip corrosion rating, max,3 h at a minimum controltemperature of 50 CD130 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 . . . . .Density at 15 C, kg/m3D1298min . . . . 876G. . . .max 850 850 876 876 876 876 . . . . .Pour Point C, maxHD97 18 18 6 6 6 6 6 6 . .IO
42、xidation Stability, hours, min EN 15751 . . . . 6 6Acid Number, mg KOH/g, max D664 . . . . 0.3 0.3Biodiesel Content, percent (V/V)JD7371 . . . . 6. 20. 6. 20. .AIt is the intent of these classifications that failure to meet any requirement of a given grade does not automatically place an oil in the
43、next lower grade unless in fact itmeets all requirements of the lower grade. However, to meet special operating conditions, modifications of individual limiting requirements may be agreed upon amongthe purchaser, seller, and manufacturer.BRefer to 7.1.2.1 for Low Temperature guidance for 1000 gal) a
44、re in useand appropriate consideration has been given to operatingconditions as described in X2.1.2.7.1.2.2 Table 2 lists 10th percentile ambient temperatures asguidance for smaller Fuel Oil storage conditions (1000 gal inoutside or unheated storage) in the United States (see X2.1.3,Current Practice
45、s). Appropriate low temperature operabilityproperties should be agreed upon between the fuel supplier andpurchaser for the intended use and expected ambient tempera-tures. The 10th percentile ambient temperatures are divided bymonth (October through March) and by state or by specificportion of a sta
46、te. Smaller storage containers are commonlyused and stored outside in home heating oil applications (275gal and 550 gal outside storage tanks are typical).7.1.2.3 The low temperature recommendations discussed inX2.1.3 may be met by Test Method D2500 Cloud Point (or anapproved alternate test method)
47、or by Test Method D97 PourPoint (or an approved alternate test method). If Pour Point isused then the difference between the Cloud Point and the LowTemperature guidance found in Table 2 should not exceed10 C.7.1.3 Water and SedimentThe water and sediment inGrade No. 1 S500, No. 1 S5000, No. 2 S500,
48、and No. 2 S5000shall be determined in accordance with Test Method D2709and in Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6 by Test Method D95 and TestMethod D473. A density of 1.0 kgL shall be used for the TestMethod D95 water.7.1.4 Carbon ResidueTest Method D524.7.1.5 AshTest Method D482.7.1.6 DistillationDistillation o
49、f Grade No. 1 and No. 2oils shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods D86or D2887.6Results from Test Method D2887 shall be reportedas “Predicted D86” results by application of the correlation inAppendix X5Test Method D2887 to convert the values. In caseof dispute, Test Method D86 shall be used as the referee testmethod.7.1.7 ViscosityViscosity shall be determined in accor-dance with Test Method D445. Bias-corrected values from TestMethod D7042 may be used as alternative results for TestMethod D445 on Grades No. 1 and No
