1、Designation: D451/D451M 91 (Reapproved 2013)1Standard Test Method forSieve Analysis of Granular Mineral Surfacing For AsphaltRoofing Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D451/D451M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in July 2013.1. Scope1.1 This test method cove
3、rs the determination of the particlesize distribution of granular mineral surfacing material such ascrushed slate, stone, coated granules, and so forth, used on theweather surface of prepared asphalt roofing and shingles.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded
4、separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
5、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test
6、Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A weighed sample of granular mineral surfacing mate-rial is separated through a series of sieves of progressivelysmaller openings for the determination of particle size distri-bution.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determi
7、ne the grading ofmaterials used as granular mineral surfacing. The results areused to determine compliance of the particle size distributionwith applicable specification requirements.5. Apparatus5.1 SievesA set of the sieves listed in Table 1, conformingto Specification E11. For routine testing, the
8、 group of sievesactually used shall include only those appropriate for thegranular material being graded. Coarser or finer sieves, onwhich less than 0.05 mass % of the specimen would be foundafter sieving, need not be included in the group.5.2 Sieve Shaker A mechanically operated sieve shakerthat pr
9、oduces a uniform rotary motion and tapping action with140 to 160 taps per minute. The sieve shaker shall be fitted witha hard maple plug to receive the impact of the tapping device.The entire apparatus shall be rigidly mounted by bolting to asolid foundation, preferably concrete.5.3 Sample Splitter
10、A riffle sampler with 9.5 or 12.7-mm38 or12-in divisions, for reducing the sample to the specimenrequired for sieve analysis.5.4 BalanceA laboratory balance sensitive to 0.1 g.6. Sampling6.1 Each shipment of mineral granules of a single type shallbe considered a unit for sampling. If a shipment cont
11、ains morethan one type of granule, the entire quantity of each type in thevehicle shall be considered a unit for sampling.6.2 Take the sample of mineral granules shipped in bulkfrom the chute or conveyor while the vehicle is being loaded orunloaded. The ideal place is just where the material drops f
12、romthe chute or belt. Collect equal portions from the full width andthickness of the stream at regular intervals with such frequencythat a minimum of five samples will be taken and the total massof the sample will not be less than 7.3 kg 16 lb. Do not allowthe sampling receptacle to overflow under a
13、ny circumstances.Overflow would tend to reject a higher proportion of the largeparticles than the small ones, and a representative samplewould not be obtained. The sample should not include theinitial material discharge from the chute or conveyor.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
14、ommittee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on SteepRoofing Products and Assemblies.Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D451 91 (2008). DOI:10.1520/D0451
15、_D0451M-91R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
16、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.3 Take the sample from a shipment of mineral granulesshipped in bags, selected at random and equal in number to thecube root of the total number of bags in the vehicle. Collectequal portions of 800 to 900 g from each of the bags ta
17、ken forsampling and combine.7. Test Specimen7.1 Reduce the sample by riffling to a specimen of 200 to250 g. Use the entire specimen obtained from reduction of thesample for the sieve analysis.8. Procedure8.1 Assemble the group of sieves selected from Table 1 inorder, with the sieve having the larges
18、t opening at the top andthe one having the smallest opening at the bottom. Add a solidcollecting pan below the bottom sieve. Weigh the test specimento within 60.1 g and place in the topmost sieve. Complete theassembly by placing a solid cover over the top sieve. Securelyfasten the sieve assembly in
19、the mechanical sieve-shakingdevice (see 5.2).8.2 Pass the specimen through the assembled group ofsieves by subjecting it to the action of the sieve shaker for aperiod of 300 6 10 s.8.3 Carefully remove the portion of the specimen retainedon each of the sieves and on the pan, and weigh each portionto
20、 within 60.1 g.9. Report9.1 Report the results of the sieve analysis to the nearest0.1 % (omitting the results for those sieves on which less than0.05 mass % of the test specimen was collected), as illustratedin Table 1.9.2 The sum of the percentages reported shall be 10060.2 %.10. Precision10.1 A r
21、etest made after recombining a freshly screenedsample by the same operator using the same sieves, should giveresults within 61 percentage point of the results previouslyobtained on each sieve. For example, if 32.0 % was retainedoriginally on the 1.18-mm (No. 16) sieve, a retest should givebetween 31
22、.0 and 33.0 %.11. Keywords11.1 asphalt roofing; mineral surfacing; particle size dis-tribution; sieve analysisASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised
23、 that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either rea
24、pproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If yo
25、u feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual
26、 reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from t
27、he ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Report FormRetained on Sieve Passing Sieve Percent3.35-mm (No. 6) . . .2.36-mm (No. 8) 3.35-mmA(No. 6) .1.70-mm (No. 12) 2.36-mm (No. 8) .1.18-mm (No. 16) 1.70-mm (No. 12) .850-m (No. 20) 1.18-mm (No. 16) .600-m (No. 30) 850-m (No. 20) .425-m (No. 40) 600-m (No. 30) .300-m (No. 50) 425-m (No. 40) .212-m (No. 70) 300-m (No. 50) .150-m (No. 100) 212-m (No. 70) .150-m (No. 100) .TotalADesignates U.S. Standard Sieve.D451/D451M 91 (2013)12
