1、Designation: D451/D451M 91 (Reapproved 2013)1D451/D451M 17Standard Test Method forSieve Analysis of Granular Mineral Surfacing For AsphaltRoofing Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D451/D451M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in July 2013.1. Scope1.1 This te
3、st method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of granular mineral surfacing material such ascrushed slate, stone, coated granules, and so forth, used on the weather surface of prepared asphalt roofing and shingles.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units ar
4、e to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address a
5、ll of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was
6、 developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced D
7、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A weighed sample of granular mineral surfacing material is separated through a series of sieves of progressively smalleropenings for the determination of particle size distributi
8、on.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determine the grading of materials used as granular mineral surfacing. The results are used todetermine compliance of the particle size distribution with applicable specification requirements.5. Apparatus5.1 SievesA set of the sieves listed i
9、n Table 1, conforming to Specification E11. For routine testing, the group of sievesactually used shall include only those appropriate for the granular material being graded. Coarser or finer sieves, on which less than0.05 mass % of the specimen would be found after sieving, need not be included in
10、the group.5.2 Sieve ShakerAmechanically operated sieve shaker thatshaker, which produces a uniform rotary motion and tapping actionwith 140 to 160 taps per minute. The sieve shaker shall be fitted with a hard maple plug to receive the impact of the tapping device.The plug shall be one of the followi
11、ng: a hard maple plug; a #9 Black Rubber Plug; or a #22 cork plug as chosen by the user. Plugdimensions are: Top Diameter 44 6 1 mm, Bottom Diameter 37 6 1 mm, and Length of 38 6 6 mm. See Note 1. The entireapparatus shall be rigidly mounted by bolting to a solid foundation, preferably concrete.1 Th
12、is test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on SteepRoofing Products and Assemblies.Current edition approved July 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2017. Published July 2013December 2017. Originally approved in 1973
13、. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 asD451 91 (2008).D451/D451M 91 (2013)1. DOI: 10.1520/D0451_D0451M-91R13.10.1520/D0451_D0451M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolum
14、e information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequa
15、tely depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
16、n, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 1Supporting data on the equivalency of the plug materials is on-file at ASTM Headquarters.5.3 Sample SplitterThe riffle sample splitter is an open V-shaped box in which a series of chutes is mounted at right anglesto the long axis to give a series of rectangular
17、slots of equal area alternatively feeding two trays placed on either side of the trough.The sample is poured into the chute and split into equal portions by the slots, until, after repeated cycles, a sample of the desiredsize is obtained. A riffle sampler with 9.5 or 12.7-mm 38 or 12-in divisions, -
18、in. divisions shall be used for reducing the sampleto the specimen required for sieve analysis.5.4 BalanceA laboratory balance sensitive to 0.1 g.6. Sampling6.1 Each shipment of mineral granules of a single type shall be considered a unit for sampling. If a shipment contains more thanone type of gra
19、nule, the entire quantity of each type in the vehicle shall be considered a unit for sampling.6.2 Take the sample of mineral granules shipped in bulk from the chute or conveyor while the vehicle is being loaded orunloaded. The ideal place is just where the material drops from the chute or belt. Coll
20、ect equal portions from the full width andthickness of the stream at regular intervals with such frequency that a minimum of five samples will be taken and the total massof the sample will not be less than 7.3 kg 16 lb. Do not allow the sampling receptacle to overflow under any circumstances.Overflo
21、w would tend to reject a higher proportion of the large particles than the small ones, and a representative sample wouldnot be obtained. The sample should not include the initial material discharge from the chute or conveyor.6.3 Take the sample from a shipment of mineral granules shipped in bags, se
22、lected at random and equal in number to the cuberoot of the total number of bags in the vehicle. Collect equal portions of 800 to 900 g from each of the bags taken for samplingand combine.7. Test Specimen7.1 Reduce the sample by riffling to a specimen of 200 to 250 g. Use the entire specimen obtaine
23、d from reduction of the samplefor the sieve analysis.7.2 Riffle Splitting ProcedurePlace one empty pan (A however, the entiresplit samples must be used when combining. Do not adjust a sample size by pouring, scooping, or pinching material to or fromthe sample to achieve the target weight. Also, do n
24、ot discard any of the initial sample material until an accurate split has beencompleted.8. Procedure8.1 Assemble the group of sieves selected from Table 1 in order, with the sieve having the largest opening at the top and theone having the smallest opening at the bottom. Add a solid collecting pan b
25、elow the bottom sieve. Weigh the test specimen towithin 60.1 g and place in the topmost sieve. Complete the assembly by placing a solid cover over the top sieve. Securely fastenthe sieve assembly in the mechanical sieve-shaking device (see 5.2).8.2 Pass the specimen through the assembled group of si
26、eves by subjecting it to the action of the sieve shaker for a period of300 6 10 s.TABLE 1 Report FormRetained on Sieve Passing Sieve Percent3.35-mm (No. 6) . . .2.36-mm (No. 8) 3.35-mmA (No. 6) .1.70-mm (No. 12) 2.36-mm (No. 8) .1.18-mm (No. 16) 1.70-mm (No. 12) .850-m (No. 20) 1.18-mm (No. 16) .600
27、-m (No. 30) 850-m (No. 20) .425-m (No. 40) 600-m (No. 30) .300-m (No. 50) 425-m (No. 40) .212-m (No. 70) 300-m (No. 50) .150-m (No. 100) 212-m (No. 70) .150-m (No. 100) .TotalA Designates U.S. Standard Sieve.D451/D451M 1728.3 Carefully remove the portion of the specimen retained on each of the sieve
28、s and on the pan, and weigh each portion to within60.1 g.9. Report9.1 Report the results of the sieve analysis to the nearest 0.1 % (omitting the results for those sieves on which less than 0.05mass % of the test specimen was collected), as illustrated in Table 1.9.2 The sum of the percentages repor
29、ted shall be 1006 100 6 0.2 %.10. Precision10.1 Aretest made after recombining a freshly screened sample by the same operator using the same sieves, should give resultswithin 61 percentage point of the results previously obtained on each sieve. For example, if 32.0 % was retained originally onthe 1.
30、18-mm (No. 16) sieve, a retest should give between 31.0 and 33.0 %.11. Keywords11.1 asphalt roofing; mineral surfacing; particle size distribution; sieve analysisASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this st
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