1、Designation: D 451 91 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method forSieve Analysis of Granular Mineral Surfacing For AsphaltRoofing Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particlesize distribution of granular minera
3、l surfacing material such ascrushed slate, stone, coated granules, and so forth, used on theweather surface of prepared asphalt roofing and shingles.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this s
4、tandard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes23. Summary of Test Method3.1 A weighed sample of granular m
5、ineral surfacing mate-rial is separated through a series of sieves of progressivelysmaller openings for the determination of particle size distri-bution.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determine the grading ofmaterials used as granular mineral surfacing. The results areused to
6、 determine compliance of the particle size distributionwith applicable specification requirements.5. Apparatus5.1 SievesA set of the sieves listed in Table 1, conformingto Specification E 11. For routine testing, the group of sievesactually used shall include only those appropriate for thegranular m
7、aterial being graded. Coarser or finer sieves, onwhich less than 0.05 mass % of the specimen would be foundafter sieving, need not be included in the group.5.2 Sieve ShakerA mechanically operated sieve shakerthat produces a uniform rotary motion and tapping action with140 to 160 taps per minute. The
8、 sieve shaker shall be fitted witha hard maple plug to receive the impact of the tapping device.The entire apparatus shall be rigidly mounted by bolting to asolid foundation, preferably concrete.5.3 Sample SplitterA riffle sampler with 9.5 or 12.7-mm(38 or12-in) divisions, for reducing the sample to
9、 the specimenrequired for sieve analysis.5.4 BalanceA laboratory balance sensitive to 0.1 g.6. Sampling6.1 Each shipment of mineral granules of a single type shallbe considered a unit for sampling. If a shipment contains morethan one type of granule, the entire quantity of each type in thevehicle sh
10、all be considered a unit for sampling.6.2 Take the sample of mineral granules shipped in bulkfrom the chute or conveyor while the vehicle is being loaded orunloaded. The ideal place is just where the material drops fromthe chute or belt. Collect equal portions from the full width andthickness of the
11、 stream at regular intervals with such frequencythat a minimum of five samples will be taken and the total massof the sample will not be less than 7.3 kg (16 lb). Do not allowthe sampling receptacle to overflow under any circumstances.Overflow would tend to reject a higher proportion of the largepar
12、ticles than the small ones, and a representative samplewould not be obtained. The sample should not include theinitial material discharge from the chute or conveyor.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subc
13、ommittee D08.02on Prepared Roofings, Shingles, and Siding Materials.Current edition approved March 15, 1991. Published May 1991. Originallypublished as D 451 73 T. Last previous edition D 451 85.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.TABLE 1 Report FormRetained on Sieve Passing Sieve Percent3.35-
14、mm (No. 6) . . .2.36-mm (No. 8) 3.35-mmA(No. 6) .1.70-mm (No. 12) 2.36-mm (No. 8) .1.18-mm (No. 16) 1.70-mm (No. 12) .850-m (No. 20) 1.18-mm (No. 16) .600-m (No. 30) 850-m (No. 20) .425-m (No. 40) 600-m (No. 30) .300-m (No. 50) 425-m (No. 40) .212-m (No. 70) 300-m (No. 50) .150-m (No. 100) 212-m (No
15、. 70) .150-m (No. 100) .TotalADesignates U.S. Standard Sieve.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Take the sample from a shipment of mineral granulesshipped in bags, selected at random and equal in number to thecube ro
16、ot of the total number of bags in the vehicle. Collectequal portions of 800 to 900 g from each of the bags taken forsampling and combine.7. Test Specimen7.1 Reduce the sample by riffling to a specimen of 200 to250 g. Use the entire specimen obtained from reduction of thesample for the sieve analysis
17、.8. Procedure8.1 Assemble the group of sieves selected from Table 1 inorder, with the sieve having the largest opening at the top andthe one having the smallest opening at the bottom. Add a solidcollecting pan below the bottom sieve. Weigh the test specimento within 60.1 g and place in the topmost s
18、ieve. Complete theassembly by placing a solid cover over the top sieve. Securelyfasten the sieve assembly in the mechanical sieve-shakingdevice (see 5.2).8.2 Pass the specimen through the assembled group ofsieves by subjecting it to the action of the sieve shaker for aperiod of 300 6 10 s.8.3 Carefu
19、lly remove the portion of the specimen retainedoneach of the sieves and on the pan, and weigh each portion towithin 60.1 g.9. Report9.1 Report the results of the sieve analysis to the nearest0.1 % (omitting the results for those sieves on which less than0.05 mass % of the test specimen was collected
20、), as illustratedin Table 1.9.2 The sum of the percentages reported shall be 10060.2 %.10. Precision10.1 A retest made after recombining a freshly screenedsample by the same operator using the same sieves, should giveresults within 61 percentage point of the results previouslyobtained on each sieve.
21、 For example, if 32.0 % was retainedoriginally on the 1.18-mm (No. 16) sieve, a retest should givebetween 31.0 and 33.0 %.11. Keywords11.1 asphalt roofing; mineral surfacing; particle size dis-tribution; sieve analysisASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights
22、asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any tim
23、e by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will r
24、eceive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM I
25、nternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 451 91 (2002)2
