1、Designation: D 451 91 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forSieve Analysis of Granular Mineral Surfacing For AsphaltRoofing Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particlesize distribution of granular mineral
3、 surfacing material such ascrushed slate, stone, coated granules, and so forth, used on theweather surface of prepared asphalt roofing and shingles.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that ar
4、e provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appl
5、ica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A weighed sample of granular mineral surfacing mate-rial is separated through a series of sieves of progressivelysm
6、aller openings for the determination of particle size distri-bution.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determine the grading ofmaterials used as granular mineral surfacing. The results areused to determine compliance of the particle size distributionwith applicable specification
7、requirements.5. Apparatus5.1 SievesA set of the sieves listed in Table 1, conformingto Specification E11. For routine testing, the group of sievesactually used shall include only those appropriate for thegranular material being graded. Coarser or finer sieves, onwhich less than 0.05 mass % of the sp
8、ecimen would be foundafter sieving, need not be included in the group.5.2 Sieve ShakerA mechanically operated sieve shakerthat produces a uniform rotary motion and tapping action with140 to 160 taps per minute. The sieve shaker shall be fitted witha hard maple plug to receive the impact of the tappi
9、ng device.The entire apparatus shall be rigidly mounted by bolting to asolid foundation, preferably concrete.5.3 Sample SplitterA riffle sampler with 9.5 or 12.7-mm(38 or12-in) divisions, for reducing the sample to the specimenrequired for sieve analysis.5.4 BalanceA laboratory balance sensitive to
10、0.1 g.6. Sampling6.1 Each shipment of mineral granules of a single type shallbe considered a unit for sampling. If a shipment contains morethan one type of granule, the entire quantity of each type in thevehicle shall be considered a unit for sampling.6.2 Take the sample of mineral granules shipped
11、in bulkfrom the chute or conveyor while the vehicle is being loaded orunloaded. The ideal place is just where the material drops fromthe chute or belt. Collect equal portions from the full width andthickness of the stream at regular intervals with such frequencythat a minimum of five samples will be
12、 taken and the total massof the sample will not be less than 7.3 kg (16 lb). Do not allowthe sampling receptacle to overflow under any circumstances.Overflow would tend to reject a higher proportion of the largeparticles than the small ones, and a representative samplewould not be obtained. The samp
13、le should not include theinitial material discharge from the chute or conveyor.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 onPrepared Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.Current edition appro
14、ved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 451 91 (2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Take the sample from a shipment of mineral granulesshipped in bags, selected at random and equal in number to thecube
16、 root of the total number of bags in the vehicle. Collectequal portions of 800 to 900 g from each of the bags taken forsampling and combine.7. Test Specimen7.1 Reduce the sample by riffling to a specimen of 200 to250 g. Use the entire specimen obtained from reduction of thesample for the sieve analy
17、sis.8. Procedure8.1 Assemble the group of sieves selected from Table 1 inorder, with the sieve having the largest opening at the top andthe one having the smallest opening at the bottom. Add a solidcollecting pan below the bottom sieve. Weigh the test specimento within 60.1 g and place in the topmos
18、t sieve. Complete theassembly by placing a solid cover over the top sieve. Securelyfasten the sieve assembly in the mechanical sieve-shakingdevice (see 5.2).8.2 Pass the specimen through the assembled group ofsieves by subjecting it to the action of the sieve shaker for aperiod of 300 6 10 s.8.3 Car
19、efully remove the portion of the specimen retainedoneach of the sieves and on the pan, and weigh each portion towithin 60.1 g.9. Report9.1 Report the results of the sieve analysis to the nearest0.1 % (omitting the results for those sieves on which less than0.05 mass % of the test specimen was collec
20、ted), as illustratedin Table 1.9.2 The sum of the percentages reported shall be 10060.2 %.10. Precision10.1 A retest made after recombining a freshly screenedsample by the same operator using the same sieves, should giveresults within 61 percentage point of the results previouslyobtained on each sie
21、ve. For example, if 32.0 % was retainedoriginally on the 1.18-mm (No. 16) sieve, a retest should givebetween 31.0 and 33.0 %.11. Keywords11.1 asphalt roofing; mineral surfacing; particle size dis-tribution; sieve analysisASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent righ
22、ts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any
23、time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments wil
24、l receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by AST
25、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or
26、 through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Report FormRetained on Sieve Passing Sieve Percent3.35-mm (No. 6) . . .2.36-mm (No. 8) 3.35-mmA(No. 6) .1.70-mm (No. 12) 2.36-mm (No. 8) .1.18-mm (No. 16) 1.70-mm (No. 12) .850-m (No. 20) 1.18-mm (No. 16) .600-m (No. 30) 850-m (No. 20) .425-m (No. 40) 600-m (No. 30) .300-m (No. 50) 425-m (No. 40) .212-m (No. 70) 300-m (No. 50) .150-m (No. 100) 212-m (No. 70) .150-m (No. 100) .TotalADesignates U.S. Standard Sieve.D 451 91 (2008)2
