1、Designation: D471 16D471 16aStandard Test Method forRubber PropertyEffect of Liquids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D471; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the required procedures to evaluate
3、the comparative ability of rubber and rubber-like compositionsto withstand the effect of liquids. It is designed for testing: (1) specimens of vulcanized rubber cut from standard sheets (seePractice D3182), (2) specimens cut from fabric coated with vulcanized rubber (see Test Methods D751), or (3) f
4、inished articlesof commerce (see Practice D3183). This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers, porous compositions, andcompressed sheet packing, except as described in 12.2.2.1.2 Periodically, it is necessary to produce a new lot of an IRM oil to replace the dwindling suppl
5、y of the current product. TheChairman of the subcommittee shall have the authority to approve the production of a replacement lot. Once produced, thetechnical data of the new lot shall be presented, in a comparative fashion, to that of the existing lot and balloted upon by themembership of the D11.1
6、5 subcommittee and, either subsequently or concurrently, balloted upon by the membership of the D11main committee for approval to release the new lot for distribution.1.3 In the event that an IRM oil becomes unavailable for distribution due to depletion, the Chairman of the subcommittee shallhave th
7、e authority to approve production of a new lot and, after a meeting of the task group, regularly scheduled, or not, to releasea quantity of the product for distribution sufficient enough only to address a backlog. Once the backlog is addressed, the processdescribed in 1.2 shall be followed.1.4 ASTM
8、Oils No. 2 and No. 3, formerly used in this test method as standard test liquids, are no longer commercially availableand in 1993 were replaced with IRM 902 and IRM 903, respectively (see Appendix X1 for details).1.5 ASTM No. 1 Oil, previously used in this test method as a standard test liquid, is n
9、o longer commercially available and in2005 was replaced with IRM 901; refer to Table 1 and Appendix X3 for details.1.6 ASTM No. 5 Oil was accepted into Specification D5900 as an industry reference material in 2010 and designated as IRM905. The composition, and properties of this immersion oil were n
10、ot changed and the data in Table 1 remains current. Refer toAppendix X4 for other details.1.7 The specifications and properties listed in Table 1 for IRM 901, IRM 902, IRM 903, and IRM 905 are also maintained inSpecification D5900.1.7.1 The subcommittee responsible for maintaining Test Method D471,
11、presently D11.15, shall review the data in SpecificationD5900 to ensure that it is identical to that which appears in Test Method D471. This shall be accomplished at the time of the 5year review or more frequently when necessary.1.8 Historical, technical, and background information regarding the con
12、version from ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, and ASTMNo. 3 Oils to IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 immersion oils is maintained in Practice D5964.1.8.1 The subcommittee responsible for maintaining Test Method D471, presently D11.15, shall review the data in PracticeD5964 to ensure that it is identical to that
13、 which appears in Test Method D471. This shall be accomplished at the time of the 5year review or more frequently when necessary.1.9 This test method includes the following:1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D
14、11.15 on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016July 1, 2016. Published February 2016July 2016. Originally approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 asD471 15a.D471 16. DOI: 10.1520/D0471-16.10.1520/D0471-16A.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended on
15、ly to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current vers
16、ionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Change in Mass (after immersion) Section 11Change in Volume (after immersion) Section 12Dimensional-Chan
17、ge Method for Water-Insoluble Liq-uids and Mixed Liquids Section 13Change in Mass with Liquid on One Surface Only Section 14Determining Mass of Soluble Matter Extracted by theLiquid Section 15Change in Tensile Strength, Elongation and Hardness(after immersion) Section 16Change in Breaking Resistance
18、, Burst Strength, TearStrength and Adhesion for Coated Fabrics Section 17Calculation (of test results) Section 181.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
19、concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.TABLE 1 Specifications and Typical Properties of IRM Reference OilsProperty IRM 9
20、01A IRM 902 IRM 903 IRM 905 ASTM MethodSpecified Properties:Aniline Point, C (F) 124 1 (255 2) 93 3 (199 5) 70 1 (158 2) 115 1 (239 2) D611Kinematic Viscosity(mm2/s cSt)38C (100F) . 31.934.1 . D44599C (210F) 18.1220.34 19.221.5 . 10.811.9 D445Gravity, API, 16C(60F)28.8 1 19.021.0 21.023.0 . D287Visc
21、osity-Gravity Con-stant0.7900.805 0.8600.870 0.8750.885 . D2501Flash Point COC, C(F)243(469) min 232 (450) min 163 (325) min 243 (469) min D92Naphthenics, CN (%) 27 (avg) 35 min 40 min . D2140Paraffinics, CP (%) 65 min 50 max 45 max . D2140Typical Properties:Pour Point, C (F) 12 (10) 15 (5) 42.8 (45
22、) 15 (5) D97ASTM Color L 3.5 L 2.0 L 0.5 L 1.0 D1500Refractive Index 1.4848 1.5083 1.5004 1.4808 D1747UV Absorbance, 260 nm 0.8 1.43 1.43 . D2008Aromatics, CA (%) 3 10 12 4 D2140A Refer to Appendix X3. Table X3.1 reflects the differences in the properties between ASTM No. 1 Oil and IRM 901 for refer
23、ence purposes.TABLE 2 IRM 901 2012 Batch Test ResultsProperty Method 2005 BatchCOA 2005 BatchCurrent 2012 Sample Data 2012 BatchAverageViscosity, cSt99C D445 19.58 19.518.8 18.7 18.8 18.7 18.818.8 18.8 18.9 18.7Gravity, API16C D287 28.6 28.928.9 28.9 28.8 28.9 28.928.9 28.9 28.9 28.9Flash PointCOC,
24、C D92 287 313306 289 292 288 296299 303 294 294Aniline Point,C D611 123.8 124.7124.8 124.8 124.7 124.3 124.5124.8 124.8 124.9 124.6Viscosity-Gravity Con-stantD2501 0.796 0.7980.799 0.799 0.800 0.7990.7990.799 0.799 0.799 0.799Naphthenics,Cn% D2140 2426 26 27 28 2726 26 27 29Paraffinics,Cp% D2140 70
25、7271 71 69 70 7171 71 71 70D471 16a22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D412
26、Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD751 Test M
27、ethods for Coated FabricsD865 Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heating in Air (Test Tube Enclosure)D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternational Har
28、dnessD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)D1747 Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous MaterialsD2008 Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum ProductsD2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Pet
29、roleum OriginD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD2501 Test Method for Calculation of Viscosity-Gravity Constant (VGC) of Petroleum OilsD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixin
30、g Standard Compounds and Preparing StandardVulcanized SheetsD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from ProductsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing IndustriesD4485 Specification for Performance of Ac
31、tive API Service Category Engine OilsD4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use asAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD5900 Specification for Physical and Chemical Properties of Industry Reference Materials (IRM)D5964 Practice for Rubber IRM 901, IRM 902, and
32、 IRM 903 Replacement Oils for ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, ASTM No. 3Oils, and IRM 905 formerly ASTM No. 5 OilE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens2.2 SAE Standards:3J 300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method provides procedures
33、 for exposing test specimens to the influence of liquids under definite conditions oftemperature and time. The resulting deterioration is determined by measuring the changes in physical properties, such asstress/strain properties, hardness, and changes in mass, volume, and dimension, before and afte
34、r immersion in the test liquid.3.2 The precision statement in Section 20 is based on an interlaboratory test program run in 1981, using six different rubberswith ASTM Reference Fuels B, C, D4 and ASTM Oils No. 1 and No. 3.3.3 The precision statement in Appendix X2 is based on an interlaboratory test
35、 program conducted in 1993 to establishreplacements forASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3. Because of the limited number of participating laboratories, only repeatability couldbe evaluated, and it was necessary to use pooled values of four No. 2 type oils (No. 2 plus three candidate replacement oils) andfour
36、 No. 3 type oils (No. 3 plus three candidate replacement oils). Twelve rubbers were tested in this program.3.4 ASTM Oils No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 have been replaced by IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903, respectively.4. Significance and Use4.1 Certain rubber articles, for example, seals, gaskets, hoses, d
37、iaphragms, and sleeves, may be exposed to oils, greases, fuels,and other fluids during service. The exposure may be continuous or intermittent and may occur over wide temperature ranges.4.2 Properties of rubber articles deteriorate during exposure to these liquids, affecting the performance of the r
38、ubber part, whichcan result in partial failure.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available fr
39、om Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.4 The sole source of supply of the reference fuels known to the committee at this time is Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, LP, 10001 Six Pines Drive, The Woodlands,TX 77380. If you are aware of alternative suppl
40、iers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerationat a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.D471 16a34.3 This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated te
41、sting, but may not give any directcorrelation with actual part performance, since service conditions vary too widely. It yields comparative data on which to basejudgment as to expected service quality.4.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee pur
42、poses, and research anddevelopment work.5. Test Conditions5.1 Temperature and Immersion PeriodsUnless otherwise specified the test temperature and immersion period shall be asindicated in Table 3, depending upon the anticipated service conditions, unless otherwise agreed upon between customer andsup
43、plier:5.1.1 When the temperature of the testing room is other than the standard 23 6 2C (73 6 4F) the temperature of test shallbe reported.5.1.2 When the relative humidity (RH %) of the testing environment is known to effect the performance of a test liquid, the RH% shall be reported.5.1.3 The choic
44、e of the immersion period will depend upon the nature of the vulcanizate, the test temperature, and the liquidto be used. To obtain information on the rate of deterioration it is necessary to make determinations after several immersionperiods.5.1.4 The tolerance for any immersion period shall be 615
45、 min or 61 % of the immersion period, whichever is greater.5.1.5 The immersion periods enumerated in Table 3 are frequently used, and are considered standard; however, they may bevaried according to a materials testing requirements or anticipated exposure in service.5.2 IlluminationImmersion tests s
46、hall be made in the absence of direct light.6. Standard Test Liquids6.1 For test purposes, it is desirable to use the liquid that will come into contact with the vulcanizate in service. For comparativetests with liquids of unknown or doubtful composition, samples of liquid from the same container or
47、 shipment shall be used. Manycommercial products, particularly those of petroleum origin, are subject to sufficient variation that it is not practical to use themfor test liquids. It is then advisable to use a standard test liquid, such as described in 6.1.1 and 6.1.2, covering the range ofpropertie
48、s that may be encountered in the particular service.6.1.1 IRM and ASTM OilsThe test shall be conducted in one of the petroleum-base IRM or ASTM oils (Note 1) specified inTable 1 that has its aniline point nearest that of the oil with which the vulcanizate is expected to come in contact in service ex
49、ceptas indicated in 6.1.3.NOTE 1The aniline point of a petroleum oil appears to characterize the swelling action of that oil on rubber vulcanizates. In general, the lower theaniline point, the more severe the swelling action by the oil. The oils specified in Table 1 cover a range of aniline points commonly found in lubricatingoils.6.1.2 ASTM Reference FuelsWhen gasolines or diesel fuels are to be encountered in service, the test shall be conducted inone of the ASTM reference fuels (Note 2) specified in Table
