1、Designation: D476 13D476 15Standard Classification forDry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This classification describes seveneight types of
3、dry pigmentary titanium dioxide products, grouped by composition, typicalend use application, and some performance properties.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D34 G
4、uide for Chemical Analysis of White PigmentsD153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of PigmentsD185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in PigmentsD1394 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Whit
5、e Titanium PigmentsD2448 Test Method for Water-Soluble Salts in Pigments by Measuring the Specific Resistance of the Leachate of the PigmentD3720 Test Method for Ratio of Anatase to Rutile in Titanium Dioxide Pigments by X-Ray Diffraction3. Significance and Use3.1 This classification is given as an
6、aid in determining the fitness for use of a titanium dioxide pigment for a coatingapplication. It is limited to dry, hiding pigments. It excludes pigment dispersions, and non-hiding specialty titanium dioxideproducts.4. Basis for Classification4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments can differ in many ways, i
7、ncluding composition and performance. This classification outlinesdifferences between pigment types that should be considered when selecting a product for a coating application. A minimumnumber of properties are given to highlight major differences, while allowing maximum flexibility.5. Composition
8、and Properties5.1 Titanium Dioxide Pigments, should conform to the requirements for composition prescribed in Table 1. They are chemicallyprepared pigments consisting of anatase or rutile titanium dioxide with or without modifications with water-insoluble oxides ofaluminum, silicon, zinc, etc., or o
9、ther agents; these reagent materials are introduced specifically to improve those properties forwhich the pigment is used. The titanium dioxide pigments shall be free of extenders such as barium sulfate, clay, magnesiumsilicate, whiting, etc.5.2 The desired properties of the pigment, other than as h
10、erein indicated, shall be subject to agreement between the purchaserand the seller and shall be based on a satisfactory match between the submitted pigment sample and a previously agreed uponreference sample (see 6.1.6).1 This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint a
11、nd Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.Current edition approved June 1, 2013Feb. 1, 2015. Published July 2013February 2015. Originally approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 asD476 00 (20
12、11).D476 13. DOI: 10.1520/D0476-13.10.1520/D0476-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
13、This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior edi
14、tions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE 1 Classification of Dry, Pigmentary Titani
15、um Dioxide PigmentsTypical PropertiesClassification Type I II III IV V VI VII ASTM StandardsClassification Type I II III IV V VI VII VIII ASTM StandardsCrystal type anataseA rutile rutile rutile rutile rutile rutile rutile D3720Chalking resistance, relative free chalking low-medium medium high high
16、medium-high medium-highChalking resistance, relative free chalking low-medium medium high high medium-high medium-high very highTypical end useapplication(s)white exteriorhouse paint andinterior useslow-medium% PVChigh% PVCexterior coatingsrequiring excellentdurabilityexterior coatingsrequiring exce
17、llentdurability withhigh glossint-ext coatingsmedium-high% PVCint-ext coatingslow-high% PVCTypical end useapplication(s)white exteriorhouse paint andinterior useslow-medium% PVChigh% PVCexterior coatingsrequiring excellentdurabilityexterior coatingsrequiring excellentdurability withhigh glossint-ext
18、 coatingsmedium-high% PVCint-ext coatingslow-high% PVCexterior coloredcoatingsand polymersrequiringinfra-redreflectancewith excellentdurabilityTitanium dioxide (TiO2) content, min., % 94 92 80 80 90 90 92 92 D1394Specific resistance,min, 5000 5000 3000 3000 3000 5000 5000 D2448Specific resistance,mi
19、n, 5000 5000 3000 3000 3000 5000 5000 3000 D2448Moisture content as packed, max, % 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.5 1 0.7 0.7 D280Moisture content as packed, max, % 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.5 1 0.7 0.7 1 D280Specific gravity 3.84.0 4.04.3 3.64.3 3.64.3 3.64.3 3.64.3 4.04.3 D153Specific gravity 3.84.0 4.04.3 3.64.3 3.64.3 3.64.
20、3 3.64.3 4.04.3 3.64.3 D15345-m screen residue, max, % 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 D185A Identification of anatase or rutile or mixtures thereof is made by X-ray analysis (Test Method D3720).D4761526. Test Methods6.1 Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the following test methods. Test pr
21、ocedures not covered byASTM test methodsshall be mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.6.1.1 Chemical AnalysisGuide D34 or Test Methods D1394.6.1.2 Specific GravityTest Methods D153.6.1.3 Coarse ParticlesTest Methods D185.6.1.4 MoistureTest Methods D280.6.1.5 Matter Soluble in Wa
22、ter, Specific ResistanceTest Method D2448. The measured specific resistance of the aqueousleachage from the pigment is an index of the level of water-soluble salts.6.1.6 Chalking ResistanceIt is recommended that purchaser and seller agree upon standards and methods of test suitable fortheir requirem
23、ents (see 5.2). Comparison in a good quality exterior air-dry alkyd enamel (trade sales or industrial) and exposurein Florida at 45 facing south are recommended. Chalking differences are minimized by less durable vehicles, while requiredexposure times are prolonged by more durable vehicles. Once the
24、 reference sample agreed upon between the purchaser and sellerhas qualified, subsequent shipments of that product may be compared with the reference sample by an agreed upon acceleratedweathering test.7. Keywords7.1 anatase; dioxide pigments; rutile; titanium; white pigmentsASTM International takes
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26、nsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed
27、to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the ad
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