1、Designation: D562 10Standard Test Method forConsistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) ViscosityUsing a Stormer-Type Viscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D562; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method
3、covers the measurement of Krebs Unit(KU) viscosity to evaluate the consistency of paints and relatedcoatings using the Stormer-type viscometer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purpo
4、rt to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1 S
5、pecification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 consistency, nload in grams to produce a rotationalfrequency of 200 r/min (Stormer Viscometer)3.1.2 Krebs units (KU), nvalues of a scale commonlyused to express the consistency of
6、 paints generally applied bybrush or roller.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis scale is a function of the “load toproduce 200-r/min” scale.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The load required to produce a rotational frequency of200 r/min for an offset paddle rotor immersed in a paint isdetermined.5. Significance and
7、Use5.1 This test method provides values that are useful inspecifying and controlling the consistency of paints, such asconsumer or trade sales products.METHOD A6. Apparatus6.1 Viscometer, Stormer, with the paddle-type rotor asillustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The stroboscopic timerattachment in Fig.
8、 1 can be removed and the instrument usedwithout it but with a sacrifice of speed and accuracy. Thestroboscopic timer gives the 200 r/min reading directly.6.2 Container, 500-mL (1-pt), 85 mm (338 in.) in diameter.6.3 ThermometerAn ASTM Stormer Viscosity thermom-eter having a range from 20 to 70C and
9、 conforming to therequirements for Thermometer 49C, as prescribed in Specifi-cation E1. In addition, temperature measuring devices such asnon-mercury liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, orplatinum resistance thermometers that provide equivalent orbetter accuracy and precision, that cover th
10、e temperature rangefor thermometer 49C, may be used.6.4 Stopwatch, or suitable timer measuring to 0.2 s.6.5 Weights, a set covering the range from 5 to 1000 g.7. Materials7.1 Two standard oils, calibrated in absolute viscosity(poise), that are within the viscosity range of the coatings to bemeasured
11、. These oils should differ in viscosity by at least 5 P.NOTE 1The normal range of the Stormer is covered by oils havingviscosities of 4 P (70 KU), 10 P (85 KU), and 14 P (95 KU).7.1.1 Suitable standards are silicone, hydrocarbon, linseed,and castor oils. Silicone and hydrocarbon oils calibrated inpo
12、ises are commercially available. Uncalibrated linseed andcastor oils may be calibrated with any apparatus that providesmeasurements of absolute viscosity.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct resp
13、onsibility ofSubcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D562 01 (2005). DOI:10.1520/D0562-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit th
14、e ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
15、United States.7.1.2 Assign a value of load to produce 200 r/min to each oilby converting its viscosity value in poises to load in grams bythe following equation:3L 5 610O 1 906.6 D!/30where:O = viscosity of oil in poises andD = density of oil.8. Calibration48.1 Remove the rotor and weight carrier fr
16、om the viscom-eter. Make sure the string is wound evenly on the drum anddoes not overlap itself.8.2 Attach a 5-g weight onto the string and then release thebrake. If the viscometer starts to run from this dead start andcontinues to run through several revolutions of the string drum,it is satisfactor
17、y for use. If it does not start unaided when the5-g weight is applied, the instrument should be reconditioned.8.3 Check the dimensions of the paddle-type rotor. Theyshould be within 0.1 mm (60.004 in.) of the dimensions shownin Fig. 2.8.4 Select two standard oils having assigned values of loadto pro
18、duce 200 r/min within the range of the values expectedfor the coatings to be measured (see 7.1).8.5 Adjust the temperature of the standard oils to 25 60.2C. The temperature of the Stormer apparatus should be thesame. If the specified temperature cannot be obtained, recordthe temperature of the oil a
19、t the beginning and end of test to0.2C.8.6 Determine the load in grams to produce 200 r/min witheach of the two oils, using either Procedure A described inSection 9 or Procedure B described in Section 10.8.6.1 If the oil temperature was not at 25 6 0.2C during thetest, correct the measured load in g
20、rams for the deviation fromthat temperature.NOTE 2Load corrections for deviations of oil temperature from thespecified temperature can be made by means of a previously establishedplot of load versus oil temperature (see Appendix X1).8.7 If the measured load (corrected for any temperaturedeviation fr
21、om standard) is within 615 % of the assigned loadvalues for the oils, the Stormer apparatus can be considered tobe in satisfactory calibration.9. Procedure A (Without Stroboscopic Attachment)9.1 Thoroughly mix the sample and strain it into a 500-mL(1-pt) container to within 20 mm (34 in.) of the top
22、.9.2 Bring the temperature of the specimen to 25 6 0.2Cand maintain it at that temperature during the test. Thetemperature of the Stormer apparatus should be the same.9.2.1 If the specified temperature cannot be obtained, recordthe temperature of the specimen at the beginning and end oftest to 0.2C.
23、9.3 When the temperature of the specimen has reachedequilibrium, stir it vigorously, being careful to avoid entrap-ping air, and place the container immediately on the platformof the viscometer so that the paddle-type rotor is immersed inthe material to the mark on the shaft of the rotor.3Geddes, J.
24、 A., and Dawson, D. H., “Calculation of Viscosity From StormerViscosity Data,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol 34, 1942, p. 163.4Jackson, C. F., and Madson, W. H., “AMethod for the Standardization of KrebsModified Stormer Viscometers,” ASTM Bulletin, No. 161, 1949.FIG. 1 Stormer Viscometer
25、 with Paddle-Type Rotor andStroboscopic TimerNOTE 11 in. = 25.4 mm.FIG. 2 Paddle-Type Rotor for Use With Stormer ViscometerD562 1029.4 Place weights on the hanger of the viscometer anddetermine a load that will produce 100 revolutions in the rangeof 25 to 35 s.9.5 Using the information gained in 9.4
26、, select two loadsthat will provide two different readings (time to give 100revolutions) within the range of 27 to 33 s. Make thesemeasurements from a running start, that is, permit the rotor tomake at least 10 revolutions before starting the timing for 100revolutions.9.6 Repeat the measurements out
27、lined in 9.5 until tworeadings for each load are obtained that agree within 0.5 s.10. Procedure B (With Stroboscopic Timer)10.1 Follow Procedure A (9.1-9.3) for the preparation of thespecimen.10.2 Connect the lamp circuit of the stroboscopic attach-ment to an electrical power source.10.3 Place weigh
28、ts on the hanger of the viscometer anddetermine a load that will produce 100 revolutions in the rangefrom 25 to 35 s.10.4 Using the information gained in 10.3, select a weight(to the nearest 5 g) that will produce the 200-r/min pattern (Fig.3) on the stroboscopic timer, that is, where the lines appe
29、ar tobe stationary.10.4.1 Lines moving in the direction of paddle rotationindicate a speed greater than 200 r/min and therefore, weightshould be removed from the hanger. Conversely, lines movingopposite to direction of paddle rotation indicate a speed lessthan 200 r/min and weight should be added.NO
30、TE 3There are other patterns that appear at speeds other than 200r/min (See Fig. 4). The pattern for 200 r/min should be determined beforerunning any tests.10.5 Repeat the determination in 10.4 until a consistentvalue of load is obtained (that is, to within 5 g).11. Calculation11.1 Procedure A:11.1.
31、1 Calculate the load to within 5 g, to produce 100revolutions in 30 s by interpolating between the load weightsrecorded for the readings made between 27 and 33 s for 100revolutions.11.1.2 Correct the load determined for any deviation of thespecimen temperature from the specified temperature (seeAppe
32、ndix X1).11.1.3 If desired, determine from Table 1 the KU corre-sponding to the load to produce 100 revolutions in 30 s.NOTE 4Table 1 has been constructed so that it is not necessary tointerpolate between loads to obtain the KU corresponding to the load toproduce 100 revolutions in 30 s. The table p
33、rovides KU values computedfor a range of 27 to 33 s for 100 revolutions.11.2 Procedure B:11.2.1 If desired, determine from Table 2 the KU valuecorresponding to the load to produce 200 r/min.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 The load in grams to produce 200 r/min (100revolutions
34、in 30 s),12.1.2 The calculated KU,12.1.3 The temperature of the specimen during the test andwhether a correction was applied for any deviation from 25C,and12.1.4 Whether Procedure A or Procedure B was used.13. Precision and Bias13.1 PrecisionOn the basis of a study in which determi-nations were made
35、 on five paints by two operators at each offive laboratories on each of two different days; the within-laboratory coefficient of variation was found to be 3 % in loadgrams or 1.5 % in KU, and the between-laboratory coefficientof variation was found to be 10 % in load grams or 4 % in KU.13.1.1 The fo
36、llowing criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results at the 95 % confidence level.13.1.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo results each the mean of twomeasurements, obtained on the same material by the sameoperator at different times should be considered suspect if theydiffer by more than 1.7 %
37、in KU.13.1.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean oftwo measurements on the same material, obtained by operatorsin different laboratories should be considered suspect if theydiffer by more than 5.1 % in KU.METHOD B (Digital Display Stormer-Type Viscometer)14. Apparatus14.1 Viscometer, Digital
38、 Display, with the paddle-type rotoras illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 5.14.2 Container, 500 mL (1 pt), 85 mm (338 in. in diameter.14.3 Thermometer, ASTM Stormer viscosity thermometerhaving a range from 20 to 70C and conforming to therequirements for Thermometer 49C as prescribed in Specifi-cation E1
39、.15. Materials15.1 Standard Oils, two, calibrated in absolute viscosity thatare within the viscosity range of the coatings to be measured.These oils should differ in viscosity by at least 25 KU.15.2 Suitable Hydrocarbon Oils, calibrated in KU andtraceable to NIST, available commercially.FIG. 3 Strob
40、oscopic Lines Opening When Timer is Adjusted toExactly 200 r/minFIG. 4 Stroboscopic Lines Appearing as Multiples that May beObserved Before 200-r/min ReachedD562 103TABLE 1 Krebs Stormer Chart with InterpolationsLoad, gSecondsfor 100Revolu-tions75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400
41、425 450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900 950 1000Krebs Units27 49 57 63 69 74 79 83 86 89 92 95 97 100 102 104 106 109 111 113 114 116 118 120 121 123 124 126 127 129 130 131 132 133 134 136 13828 51 59 65 70 75 80 84 87 90 93 96 98 100 102 105 107 110 112 114
42、115 117 118 120 121 123 124 126 127 129 130 131 132 133 134 137 13929 53 60 66 71 76 81 85 88 91 94 97 99 101 103 105 107 110 112 114 115 117 119 121 122 124 125 127 128 130 131 132 133 134 135 137 13930 54 61 67 72 77 82 86 89 92 95 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 121 122 124 125 127
43、 128 130 131 133 134 135 136 138 14031 55 62 68 73 78 82 86 90 93 95 98 100 102 104 106 108 111 113 115 116 118 120 122 123 125 126 128 129 131 132 133 134 135 136 138 14032 56 63 69 74 79 83 87 90 93 96 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 116 118 120 122 123 125 126 128 129 131 132 133 134 135 136 1
44、38 14033 57 64 70 75 80 84 88 91 94 96 99 101 103 105 107 109 112 114 116 117 119 121 122 123 125 126 128 129 131 132 134 135 136 137 139 141D56210416. Calibration16.1 Check the dimensions of the paddle-type rotor. Theyshould be within 6 0.1 mm (0.004 in.) of the dimensionsshown in Fig. 2.16.2 Selec
45、t two standard oils having viscosities in KUwithin the range of the values expected for the coatings to bemeasured (see 15.1).16.3 Adjust the temperature of the standard oils to 25 60.2C. The temperature of the viscometer should be the same.If the specified temperature cannot be obtained, record the
46、temperature of the oil at the beginning and end of the test to0.2C.16.4 If the oil temperature was not at 25 6 0.2C during thetest, correct the measured KU viscosity for the deviation fromthat temperature.NOTE 5Corrections for deviations of oil temperature from the speci-fied temperature can be made
47、 by means of a previously established plot ofload grams versus oil temperature (see Appendix X1).16.5 If the measured viscosity (corrected for any tempera-ture deviation from standard) is within 65 % of the specifiedKU values for the standard oils, the viscometer can beconsidered to be in satisfacto
48、ry calibration.17. Procedure17.1 Thoroughly mix the specimen and pour into a 500mL(1pt) container to within 20 mm (34 in.) of the top.17.2 Bring the temperature of the specimen to 25 6 0.2C,and maintain it at that temperature during the test. Thetemperature of the viscometer should be the same.TABLE
49、 2 Krebs Units Corresponding to Load Required to Produce 200-r/min Rotation(For use with Stormer Viscometer equipped with Stroboscopic Timer)GramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKU100 61 200 82 300 95 400 104 500 112 600 120 700 125 800 131 900 136 1000 140105 62 205 83110 63 210 83 310 96 410 105 510 113 610 120 710 126 810 132 910 136 1010 140115 64 215 84120 65 220 85 320 97 420 106 520 114 620 121 720 126 820 132 920 137 1020 140125 67 225 86130 68 230 86 330 98 430 106 530 114 630 121 730 127 830 133 930
