1、Designation: D562 10 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forConsistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) ViscosityUsing a Stormer-Type Viscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D562; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Sco
3、pe1.1 This test method covers the measurement of Krebs Unit(KU) viscosity to evaluate the consistency of paints and relatedcoatings using the Stormer-type viscometer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This
4、standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2
5、.1 ASTM Standards:2E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 consistency, nload in grams to produce a rotationalfrequency of 200 r/min (Stormer Viscometer).3.1.2 Krebs units (KU), nvalues of a scale commonly usedto ex
6、press the consistency of paints generally applied by brushor roller.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis scale is a function of the “load toproduce 200-r/min” scale.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The load required to produce a rotational frequency of200 r/min for an offset paddle rotor immersed in a paint isdetermi
7、ned.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides values that are useful inspecifying and controlling the consistency of paints, such asconsumer or trade sales products.METHOD A6. Apparatus6.1 Viscometer, Stormer, with the paddle-type rotor as illus-trated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The stroboscop
8、ic timer attachmentin Fig. 1 can be removed and the instrument used without it butwith a sacrifice of speed and accuracy. The stroboscopic timergives the 200 r/min reading directly.6.2 Container, 500-mL (1-pt), 85 mm (338 in.) in diameter.6.3 ThermometerAn ASTM Stormer Viscosity thermom-eter having
9、a range from 20 to 70C and conforming to therequirements for Thermometer 49C, as prescribed in Specifi-cation E1. In addition, temperature measuring devices such asnon-mercury liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, orplatinum resistance thermometers that provide equivalent orbetter accuracy an
10、d precision, that cover the temperature rangefor thermometer 49C, may be used.6.4 Stopwatch, or suitable timer measuring to 0.2 s.6.5 Weights, a set covering the range from 5 to 1000 g.7. Materials7.1 Two standard oils, calibrated in absolute viscosity(poise), that are within the viscosity range of
11、the coatings to bemeasured. These oils should differ in viscosity by at least 5 P.NOTE 1The normal range of the Stormer is covered by oils havingviscosities of 4 P (70 KU), 10 P (85 KU), and 14 P (95 KU).7.1.1 Suitable standards are silicone, hydrocarbon, linseed,and castor oils. Silicone and hydroc
12、arbon oils calibrated inpoises are commercially available. Uncalibrated linseed andcastor oils may be calibrated with any apparatus that providesmeasurements of absolute viscosity.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applicati
13、ons and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D562 10. DOI:10.1520/D0562-10R14.2For reference
14、d ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
15、hohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17.1.2 Assign a value of load to produce 200 r/min to each oilby converting its viscosity value in poises to load in grams bythe following equation:3L 5 610O1906.6 D!/30where:O = viscosity of oil in poises andD = density of oil.8. Calibration48.1 Remove the roto
16、r and weight carrier from the viscom-eter. Make sure the string is wound evenly on the drum anddoes not overlap itself.8.2 Attach a 5-g weight onto the string and then release thebrake. If the viscometer starts to run from this dead start andcontinues to run through several revolutions of the string
17、 drum,it is satisfactory for use. If it does not start unaided when the5-g weight is applied, the instrument should be reconditioned.8.3 Check the dimensions of the paddle-type rotor. Theyshould be within 0.1 mm (60.004 in.) of the dimensions shownin Fig. 2.8.4 Select two standard oils having assign
18、ed values of loadto produce 200 r/min within the range of the values expectedfor the coatings to be measured (see 7.1).8.5 Adjust the temperature of the standard oils to 25 60.2C. The temperature of the Stormer apparatus should be thesame. If the specified temperature cannot be obtained, recordthe t
19、emperature of the oil at the beginning and end of test to0.2C.8.6 Determine the load in grams to produce 200 r/min witheach of the two oils, using either Procedure A described inSection 9 or Procedure B described in Section 10.8.6.1 If the oil temperature was not at 25 6 0.2C during thetest, correct
20、 the measured load in grams for the deviation fromthat temperature.NOTE 2Load corrections for deviations of oil temperature from thespecified temperature can be made by means of a previously establishedplot of load versus oil temperature (see Appendix X1).8.7 If the measured load (corrected for any
21、temperaturedeviation from standard) is within 615 % of the assigned loadvalues for the oils, the Stormer apparatus can be considered tobe in satisfactory calibration.9. Procedure A (Without Stroboscopic Attachment)9.1 Thoroughly mix the sample and strain it into a 500-mL(1-pt) container to within 20
22、 mm (34 in.) of the top.9.2 Bring the temperature of the specimen to 25 6 0.2Cand maintain it at that temperature during the test. Thetemperature of the Stormer apparatus should be the same.9.2.1 If the specified temperature cannot be obtained, recordthe temperature of the specimen at the beginning
23、and end oftest to 0.2C.9.3 When the temperature of the specimen has reachedequilibrium, stir it vigorously, being careful to avoid entrap-ping air, and place the container immediately on the platform3Geddes, J. A., and Dawson, D. H., “Calculation of Viscosity From StormerViscosity Data,” Industrial
24、and Engineering Chemistry, Vol 34, 1942, p. 163.4Jackson, C. F., and Madson, W. H., “AMethod for the Standardization of KrebsModified Stormer Viscometers,” ASTM Bulletin, No. 161, 1949.FIG. 1 Stormer Viscometer with Paddle-Type Rotor and Strobo-scopic TimerNOTE 11 in. = 25.4 mm.FIG. 2 Paddle-Type Ro
25、tor for Use With Stormer ViscometerD562 10 (2014)2of the viscometer so that the paddle-type rotor is immersed inthe material to the mark on the shaft of the rotor.9.4 Place weights on the hanger of the viscometer anddetermine a load that will produce 100 revolutions in the rangeof 25 to 35 s.9.5 Usi
26、ng the information gained in 9.4, select two loadsthat will provide two different readings (time to give 100revolutions) within the range of 27 to 33 s. Make thesemeasurements from a running start, that is, permit the rotor tomake at least 10 revolutions before starting the timing for 100revolutions
27、.9.6 Repeat the measurements outlined in 9.5 until tworeadings for each load are obtained that agree within 0.5 s.10. Procedure B (With Stroboscopic Timer)10.1 Follow Procedure A (9.1 9.3) for the preparation ofthe specimen.10.2 Connect the lamp circuit of the stroboscopic attach-ment to an electric
28、al power source.10.3 Place weights on the hanger of the viscometer anddetermine a load that will produce 100 revolutions in the rangefrom 25 to 35 s.10.4 Using the information gained in 10.3, select a weight(to the nearest 5 g) that will produce the 200-r/min pattern (Fig.3) on the stroboscopic time
29、r, that is, where the lines appear tobe stationary.10.4.1 Lines moving in the direction of paddle rotationindicate a speed greater than 200 r/min and therefore, weightshould be removed from the hanger. Conversely, lines movingopposite to direction of paddle rotation indicate a speed lessthan 200 r/m
30、in and weight should be added.NOTE 3There are other patterns that appear at speeds other than 200r/min (See Fig. 4). The pattern for 200 r/min should be determined beforerunning any tests.10.5 Repeat the determination in 10.4 until a consistentvalue of load is obtained (that is, to within 5 g).11. C
31、alculation11.1 Procedure A:11.1.1 Calculate the load to within 5 g, to produce 100revolutions in 30 s by interpolating between the load weightsrecorded for the readings made between 27 and 33 s for 100revolutions.11.1.2 Correct the load determined for any deviation of thespecimen temperature from th
32、e specified temperature (seeAppendix X1).11.1.3 If desired, determine from Table 1 the KU corre-sponding to the load to produce 100 revolutions in 30 s.NOTE 4Table 1 has been constructed so that it is not necessary tointerpolate between loads to obtain the KU corresponding to the load toproduce 100
33、revolutions in 30 s. The table provides KU values computedfor a range of 27 to 33 s for 100 revolutions.11.2 Procedure B:11.2.1 If desired, determine from Table 2 the KU valuecorresponding to the load to produce 200 r/min.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 The load in grams to pr
34、oduce 200 r/min (100revolutions in 30 s),12.1.2 The calculated KU,12.1.3 The temperature of the specimen during the test andwhether a correction was applied for any deviation from 25C,and12.1.4 Whether Procedure A or Procedure B was used.13. Precision and Bias13.1 PrecisionOn the basis of a study in
35、 which determi-nations were made on five paints by two operators at each offive laboratories on each of two different days; the within-laboratory coefficient of variation was found to be 3 % in loadgrams or 1.5 % in KU, and the between-laboratory coefficientof variation was found to be 10 % in load
36、grams or 4 % in KU.13.1.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results at the 95 % confidence level.13.1.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo results each the mean of twomeasurements, obtained on the same material by the sameoperator at different times should be considered suspect i
37、f theydiffer by more than 1.7 % in KU.13.1.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean oftwo measurements on the same material, obtained by operatorsin different laboratories should be considered suspect if theydiffer by more than 5.1 % in KU.METHOD B (Digital Display Stormer-Type Viscometer)14. A
38、pparatus14.1 Viscometer, Digital Display, with the paddle-type rotoras illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 5.14.2 Container, 500 mL (1 pt), 85 mm (338 in. in diameter.14.3 Thermometer, ASTM Stormer viscosity thermometerhaving a range from 20 to 70C and conforming to therequirements for Thermometer 49C as
39、 prescribed in Specifi-cation E1.15. Materials15.1 Standard Oils, two, calibrated in absolute viscosity thatare within the viscosity range of the coatings to be measured.These oils should differ in viscosity by at least 25 KU.FIG. 3 Stroboscopic Lines Opening When Timer is Adjusted toExactly 200 r/m
40、inFIG. 4 Stroboscopic Lines Appearing as Multiples that May beObserved Before 200-r/min ReachedD562 10 (2014)3TABLE1KrebsStormerChartwithInterpolationsLoad,gSecondsfor100Revolu-tions751001251501752002252502753003253503754004254504755005255505756006256506757007257507758008258508759009501000KrebsUnits
41、274957636974798386899295971001021041061091111131141161181201211231241261271291301311321331341361382851596570758084879093969810010210510711011211411511711812012112312412612712913013113213313413713929536066717681858891949799101103105107110112114115117119121122124125127128130131132133134135137139305461
42、677277828689929598100102104106108110112114116118120121122124125127128130131133134135136138140315562687378828690939598100102104106108111113115116118120122123125126128129131132133134135136138140325663697479838790939699101103105107109111113115116118120122123125126128129131132133134135136138140335764707
43、580848891949699101103105107109112114116117119121122123125126128129131132134135136137139141D562 10 (2014)415.2 Suitable Hydrocarbon Oils, calibrated in KU andtraceable to NIST, available commercially.16. Calibration16.1 Check the dimensions of the paddle-type rotor. Theyshould be within 60.1 mm (0.00
44、4 in.) of the dimensions shownin Fig. 2.16.2 Select two standard oils having viscosities in KUwithin the range of the values expected for the coatings to bemeasured (see 15.1).16.3 Adjust the temperature of the standard oils to 25 60.2C. The temperature of the viscometer should be the same.If the sp
45、ecified temperature cannot be obtained, record thetemperature of the oil at the beginning and end of the test to0.2C.16.4 If the oil temperature was not at 25 6 0.2C during thetest, correct the measured KU viscosity for the deviation fromthat temperature.NOTE 5Corrections for deviations of oil tempe
46、rature from thespecified temperature can be made by means of a previously establishedplot of load grams versus oil temperature (see Appendix X1).16.5 If the measured viscosity (corrected for any tempera-ture deviation from standard) is within 65 % of the specifiedKU values for the standard oils, the
47、 viscometer can beconsidered to be in satisfactory calibration.17. Procedure17.1 Thoroughly mix the specimen and pour into a 500mL(1pt) container to within 20 mm (34 in.) of the top.17.2 Bring the temperature of the specimen to 25 6 0.2C,and maintain it at that temperature during the test. Thetemper
48、ature of the viscometer should be the same.TABLE 2 Krebs Units Corresponding to Load Required to Produce 200-r/min Rotation(For use with Stormer Viscometer equipped with Stroboscopic Timer)GramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKU100 61 200 82 300 95 400 104 500 1
49、12 600 120 700 125 800 131 900 136 1000 140105 62 205 83110 63 210 83 310 96 410 105 510 113 610 120 710 126 810 132 910 136 1010 140115 64 215 84120 65 220 85 320 97 420 106 520 114 620 121 720 126 820 132 920 137 1020 140125 67 225 86130 68 230 86 330 98 430 106 530 114 630 121 730 127 830 133 930 137 1030 140135 69 235 87140 70 240 88 340 99 440 107 540 115 640 122 740 127 840 133 940 138 1040 140145 71 245 88150 72 250 89 350 100 450 108 550 116 650 122 750 128 850 134 950 138 1050 141155 73 255 90160 74 260 90 360 101 460 109 560 117 660 1
