1、Designation: D584 10Standard Test Method forWool Content of Raw WoolLaboratory Scale1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D584; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for thedetermination of the wool base content and the clean wool fiberpresent in samples of raw woo
3、l. This test method is alsoapplicable to other animal fibers such as mohair, cashmere,alpaca, and camel hair.NOTE 1Sampling of lots of raw wool in packages is covered inPractice D1060; the determination of vegetable matter and other alkali-insoluble impurities in scoured wool is covered in Test Meth
4、od D1113; thedetermination of wool content on a commercial scale is covered in TestMethod D1334. For factors for the conversion of woolbase content to itsequivalent in terms of scoured wool, top, or noil of various commerciallyspecified compositions (formerly covered in the appendix of this testmeth
5、od), refer to Practice D2720.NOTE 2Because of the trade practice the term weight is used in thistest method instead of the technically correct term mass.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does
6、not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standa
7、rds:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD584 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw WoolLaboratory ScaleD1060 Practice for Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Pack-ages for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool FiberPresentD1113 Test Method for Vegetable Matter and Other Alkali-Insoluble Impurities in S
8、coured WoolD1334 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw WoolCommercial ScaleD2525 Practice for Sampling Wool for MoistureD2720 Practice for Calculation of Commercial Weight andYield of Scoured Wool, Top, and Noil for Various Com-mercial CompositionsD4845 Terminology Relating to WoolE337 Test Method for
9、 Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 Other Standard:IWTO-19-85 (E) Method for the Determination of WoolBase, Vegetable Matter Base; IWTO Clean Wool Content;IWTO Scoured Yield in Raw Wool33. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13
10、.13, Wool and WoolFelt, refer to Terminology D4845.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:clean wool fiber present, other alkali-insoluble impurities,oven-dried, raw wool, vegetable matter base, vegetable matterpresent, wool base, yield.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms use
11、d in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The entire sample, or each test specimen drawn there-from in a specified manner, is weighed, scoured, dried, andreweighed. The oven-dry scoured wool is tested to determineits content of alcohol-extractable matter, mineral m
12、atter (ash),vegetable matter base, and other alkali-insoluble impurities.The wool-base content, laboratory scoured yield, clean woolfiber present, and vegetable matter present are calculated aspercentages of the mass of the raw wool sample.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered sa
13、tisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments since this test methodhas been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reportedtest results when using Test Method D584 for acceptance1This test method is under the jurisdicti
14、on of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D584 96 (2005).DOI: 10.1520/D0584-10.2For referenced ASTM sta
15、ndards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Specifications of Test Methods, International Wool Textile Organization,Internationa
16、l Wool Secretariat, Ilkley, West Yorkshire, U.K. LS298PB.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative testing to determine if thereis a st
17、atistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogenous as possible and that arefrom a lot of the type material in question. The test specimenssho
18、uld then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratoryfor testing. The average results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using Students t-test for unpaired dataand an acceptable probability level chosen by the two partiesbefore testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause mustb
19、e found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier mustagree to interpret future test results in the light of known bias.5.2 The wool-base content of wool in any condition or formis a basic quantity. From it may be calculated commercialmasses or yields in any of the various recognized definedsy
20、stems used in international commerce (Note 1).5.2.1 The procedures for determining the wool base contentof greasy wool provided in this test method and in IWTOMethod 19-85(E) are in essential agreement.NOTE 3This is not true for scoured wool, as IWTO Method 19-85(E)does not require rescouring of sco
21、ured wool containing less than 5%residual grease.5.3 Not all of the wool base present in a lot of raw wool canbe recovered in useful form by commercial cleaning opera-tions. The amount of wool loss varies, depending on factorssuch as the character of the wool, the nature and percentage ofthe impurit
22、ies present, the cleaning process and equipmentused, and so forth.5.4 No ASTM standard specifies or recommends any spe-cific procedure or practice for estimating anticipated loss ofwool during commercial cleaning (or other) operations. Thefollowing statutory practice is described solely for informat
23、ion:5.4.1 For the purpose of duty assessment on importations ofraw wool into the United States, the Tariff Schedules of theUnited States4provides a statutory formula for calculating theallowance to be made for wool “that would ordinarily be lostduring commercial cleaning operations.” The formula is
24、basedon the clean wool fiber present (called “absolute clean content”in the Tariff Schedules) and on the vegetable matter present.The allowance, in terms of clean wool fiber present, is equal to0.5 % of the clean wool fiber present plus 60 % of thevegetable matter present, the total allowance not to
25、 exceed15 % of the clean wool fiber present. The dutiable quantity(called “clean yield” in the Tariff Schedules) is the differencebetween the clean wool fiber present and the allowance socalculated.6. Apparatus6.1 Subsampling EquipmentA cylindrical or rectangularchamber having a sliding cover plate
26、by means of which woolin the chamber may be compressed, and openings in the bottomplate through which cores may be bored with a sampling tubeapproximately 12 mm in inside diameter. The openings shall beabout 18 mm in diameter and spaced uniformly on 40 to50-mm centers over the entire plate. The volu
27、me of thechamber must be sufficient to contain the sample, but therelative dimensions are optional. For greasy wool samplesweighing 10 kg, a chamber 300 by 300 by 700 mm issatisfactory. A replaceable inner lining of soft wood or similarmaterial for the sliding cover plate is recommended to avoiddama
28、ge to the cutting edge of the sampling tube.6.1.1 Sampling TubeSimilar to that used to obtain coresamples, as described in Practice D1060.6.2 Scouring EquipmentA scouring bowl with accesso-ries, and a flotation jar.6.2.1 Scouring BowlA rectangular or cylindrical vessel of30 to 50-L capacity, with an
29、 attached drain board. The lowerportion of the bowl is in the shape of an inverted pyramid orcone that is connected to a sliding-disk valve and a short lengthof drain pipe. At the bottom of the bowl, above the valve anddrain pipe, is a close-fitting, removable perforated plate(6.2.1.1). The drain pi
30、pe is centered over a No. 200 (75-m)sieve, 120 to 200 mm in diameter, supported in a catch-basin.6.2.1.1 Two Plates, one with 1 to 2-mm openings, the othersimilar plate covered on its upper surface with No. 100(150-m) woven wire cloth.6.2.1.2 Thermostatic Device, capable of delivering water tothe sc
31、ouring bowl at a desired temperature with a tolerance of63C.6.2.1.3 Paddle or other Stirring Device.6.2.1.4 Spray or Shower Head with a flexible connectionfor use in rinsing.6.2.2 Flotation JarA glass or transparent plastic vessel of1 to 2-L capacity, approximately 200 mm tall, for separating byflot
32、ation the short wool fibers retained by the No. 200 (75-m)sieve from associated sand and other heavy impurities.6.3 Wringer or Basket Centrifuge, for the removal of excesswater from the scoured sample before drying in the oven.6.3.1 Net Bag, having openings of 60 mesh (250 m) orfiner. Bags are used
33、with a squeeze roll type of wringer or witha centrifuge.6.3.2 Metal Can, with bottom formed from 100-mesh (150-m) wire screen supported by a perforated metal plate may beused with basket centrifuges. The dimensions of the can mustbe such that the can is capable of containing the scouredsample, fitti
34、ng into the centrifuge, and adaptable to the dryer.6.4 DryerA forced-draft oven or, preferably, a heated airflow-through type of dryer capable of supplying clean air at adesired temperature with a tolerance of 62C.6.5 Muffle Furnace, thermostatically controlled in the rangeof 700 6 25C.6.6 Soxhlet E
35、xtraction Apparatus, medium size.7. Reagents7.1 Scouring Solution AA solution containing approxi-mately 0.3 % of soda ash (Na2CO3) and 0.1 % of soap havinga titer of not over 25C. Addition to the solution of approxi-mately 0.3 % of a lime-sequestering agent of the polyphos-phate type is recommended.
36、4Tariff Schedules of the United States, Schedule 3. Part 1, Subpart C, Headnote1 (c).D584 1027.2 Scouring Solution BA solution containing approxi-mately 0.15 % of Na2CO3and 0.05 % of soap having a titer ofnot over 25C.Addition to the solution of approximately 0.3 %of a lime-sequestering agent of the
37、 polyphosphate type isrecommended.NOTE 4For nonreferee tests, various scouring solutions containingnonionic detergents, with or without soda ash or builders, at varioustemperatures, are sometimes used instead of Scouring Solutions A and B.7.3 Washing SolutionA solution containing approxi-mately 0.02
38、 % of a nonionic detergent of the polyoxyethylenetype.7.4 AlcoholEither pure ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) or spe-cially denatured alcohol conforming to Formula 3Aor 30 of theU.S. Bureau of Internal Revenue.8. Preparation of Sample and Test Specimens8.1 For the sampling of commercial shipments take a lotsa
39、mple as directed in an applicable material specification, or asagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. In absence ofa material specification or other agreement, take a lot samplefrom a lot of packaged raw wool as directed in Practice D1060,and take a lot sample from a lot of raw wool in bu
40、lk form asdirected in Practice D2525.8.2 WeighingDetermine the net mass, in grams, of thelaboratory sample as received to four significant figures, takingcare to avoid any change in moisture content during weighing.8.2.1 Pieces of outer bale wrappers (burlap or plastic) areoccasionally present in co
41、re samples. If such material ispresent, remove and weigh it before discarding. Deduct themass of this material from the net mass of the sample asreceived (8.2) to obtain the adjusted net mass, M.8.2.2 Remove and discard, without weighing, strings andother extraneous material not containing wool or v
42、egetablematter that are present in substantial amount.8.3 Small SamplesIf the mass of the sample is not morethan three times the scouring capacity of the scouring bowl,test the entire sample, in one, two, or three portions as may berequired. Consider the maximum scouring capacity of the bowlto be th
43、e mass of raw wool in grams equal to 12 times thevolume of scouring solution in litres.8.3.1 If the sample is a core sample, no further preparationis required. If it is not a core sample and consists of fibersexceeding 50 mm in length, cut the fibers with scissors or apaper cutter to less than 50-mm
44、 lengths.8.4 Large SamplesIf the mass of the sample exceeds threetimes the scouring capacity of the bowl (8.3), prepare testspecimens by subsampling as follows:8.4.1 Place the sample in the chamber of the subsamplingdevice (6.1), compress to a density of 0.2 to 0.3 g/cm3, and takea full-length core
45、through each opening of the plate.8.4.2 Open the chamber, redistribute the wool, compressand take a second test specimen as in 8.4.1. Repeat 8.4.2 untilthe desired mass of core samples are obtained.8.4.3 Remove, weigh, and retain the remainder of thesample in an airtight container for use in drawing
46、 additionaltest specimens, if necessary or desired.8.4.4 Weigh the blended core samples into individual testportions in preparation for scouring (10.1).9. Conditioning9.1 Neither preconditioning nor conditioning in the standardatmosphere for testing is required.10. Procedure10.1 ScouringScour each p
47、ortion of the sample (8.3)oreach test specimen (8.4.1, 8.4.2) as directed in 10.1.1 or 10.1.2,whichever is applicable.10.1.1 Greasy or Pulled Wool:10.1.1.1 With the coarse perforated plate in place in thescouring bowl, immerse the wool in Scouring Solution A at atemperature of 52 6 3C (not less than
48、 1 L for each 12 g ofwool) and stir for 3 min. Drain the solution through the No. 200(75-m) sieve. Spray the wool with a strong stream of warmwater (35 to 45C) so as to flush out as much as possible ofsand and other soil, then remove the wool from the bowl andplace it on the drain board. Raise the p
49、late, and remove anddiscard any impurities other than vegetable matter (Note 5)lodged thereon.NOTE 5The total amount of vegetable matter present in the sample isgenerally one factor used in estimating wool yield (see 5.4.1). If such anestimate is to be made, loss of vegetable matter must be avoided.10.1.1.2 Spray the material on the No. 200 (75-m) sievewith warm water, then transfer to the flotation jar. Fill the jarwith warm water, using the spray to cause agitation andaeration. After the sediment has settled, decant the floatingwool and vegetab
