1、Designation: D635 14Standard Test Method forRate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning ofPlastics in a Horizontal Position1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test
3、-response test method covers a small-scalelaboratory screening procedure for comparing the relativelinear rate of burning or extent and time of burning, or both, ofplastics in the form of bars, molded or cut from sheets, plates,or panels, and tested in the horizontal position.NOTE 1This test method,
4、 and test method A of IEC 60695-11-10 aretechnically equivalent.NOTE 2For additional information on materials which do not burn tothe first reference mark by this test, see Test Method D3801.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materialsused for parts in devices and appliances. The resul
5、ts areintended to serve as a preliminary indication of their accept-ability with respect to flammability for a particular application.The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its usein complete equipment that conforms with the standard appli-cable to such equipment.1.3 The classificati
6、on system described in Appendix X1 isintended for quality assurance and the preselection of compo-nent materials for products.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe
7、theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire riskassessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actualfire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to addre
8、ss all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specifichazards statements, see 9.2.2. Referenced Doc
9、uments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1929 Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperatureof PlasticsD2843 Test Method for
10、Density of Smoke from the Burningor Decomposition of PlasticsD3801 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative BurningCharacteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical PositionD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsD5207 Practice for Confirmation
11、 of 20mm (50W) and125mm (500W) Test Flames for Small-Scale BurningTests on Plastic MaterialsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 IE
12、C Standards:3IEC 60695-11-10 Fire Hazard TestingPart 11-10 TestFlames50W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Meth-ods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties(
13、Section D20.30.03).Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D635 10. DOI:10.1520/D0635-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
14、org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) andInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) are available from AmericanNational Standards Institu
15、te (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY10036.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 Definitions used in this test method are in accordancewith
16、Terminology D883, unless otherwise specified. For termsrelating to fire, the definitions used in this test method are inaccordance with Terminology E176.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A bar specimen of the material to be tested is supportedhorizontally at one end. The free end is exposed to a specifie
17、dgas flame for 30 s. Time and extent of burning are measuredand reported if the specimen does not burn 100 mm. Anaverage burning rate is reported for a material if it burns to the100 mm mark from the ignited end.5. Significance and Use5.1 Tests made on a material under conditions hereinprescribed ar
18、e of value in comparing the rate of burning orextent and time of burning characteristics, or both, of differentmaterials, in controlling manufacturing processes, or as ameasure of deterioration or change in these burning character-istics prior to or during use. Correlation with flammabilityunder act
19、ual use conditions is not implied.5.2 The rate of burning and other burning phenomena willbe affected by such factors as density, pigments, any anisotropyof the material and the thickness of the specimen. Test datashall be compared only for specimens of similar thickness,whether comparisons are bein
20、g made with the same or differentmaterials. The rate of burning and other burning phenomenawill vary with thickness.5.3 It is feasible that sheet materials that have been stretchedduring processing will relax during burning and give erraticresults unless they are first heated above their deflectiont
21、emperature, in accordance with Test Method D648, for a timesufficient to permit complete relaxation.5.4 Burning tests require that certain variables be arbitrarilyfixed, for example, specimen size, energy source and applica-tion time, and end points. Materials will be found that areunusually sensiti
22、ve to one or more of the conditions chosen forthis method leading to highly variable results. Additionalburning characterization by other methods is highly desirablein such cases (see Note 2).5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to specificlaboratory test conditions. If different test
23、conditions aresubstituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will notalways be possible by or from this test to predict changes in thefire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the re-sults are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions de-scribed in this procedure.6. Appar
24、atus6.1 Test Chamber, enclosed laboratory hood, or chamberfree of induced or forced draft during test, having an insidevolume of at least 0.5 m3. An enclosed laboratory hood with aheat-resistant glass window for observing the test and anexhaust fan for removing the products of combustion after thete
25、sts is recommended. The atmosphere in and around the testchamber shall be maintained between 15 to 35C and 75 %relative humidity.NOTE 3The amount of oxygen available to support combustion isnaturally important for the conduct of these fire-test-response tests. Fortests conducted by this test method
26、when burning times are protracted,chamber sizes less than 1 m3may not provide accurate results.NOTE 4Some laboratory hoods have induced drafts even with theexhaust fan off. A positive-closing damper is recommended.NOTE 5A mirror in the chamber, to provide a rear view of thespecimen, has been found u
27、seful in some enclosures.6.2 Test Fixture, A laboratory ring stand or test fixtureequipped with a means of holding a 125 mm2wire gauzehorizontal and a small clamp permitting the specimen to beheld with its longitudinal axis horizontal and its transverse axisinclined at 45 6 2 angle as illustrated in
28、 Fig. 1.NOTE 6A pan of water may be placed on the floor of the hood inposition to catch any burning particles that may drop during the test.6.3 Laboratory Burner, constructed in accordance withSpecification D5025.6.4 Gas Supply, a supply of technical-grade methane gaswith suitable regulator and mete
29、r for uniform gas flow. Naturalgas mixtures having an energy density of approximately 37MJ/m3have been found to provide similar results. However,technical-grade methane gas shall be used as the referee incases of dispute.6.5 Wire Gauze, 20-mesh (approximately 20 openings per25 mm), made with 0.43 6
30、0.03 mm diameter iron wire cut toapproximately 125 mm2, to sustain burning or glowing par-ticles falling from the specimens.6.6 Timing Device, accurate to 0.5 s.6.7 Scale, graduated in millimetres.6.8 Micrometer, accurate to 0.05 mm.6.9 Conditioning Room or Chamber, capable of being main-tained at 2
31、3 6 2C and 50 6 10 % relative humidity.6.10 Flexible Specimen Support Fixture, used to facilitatethe testing of specimens that sag and touch the wire gauze. (See9.4 and Fig. 2.)7. Test Specimens7.1 All test specimens shall be cut from a representativesample of the material (sheet or end products), o
32、r shall be castor injection-, compression-, transfer- or pultrusion-molded tothe necessary form. After any cutting operation, care shall betaken to remove all dust and any particles from the surface; cutedges shall be fine sanded to have a smooth finish. Unlessotherwise agreed, fabrication of test s
33、pecimens shall be inaccordance with the specifications of the material being tested.7.2 Specimens shall be 125 6 5 mm long by 13.0 6 0.5 mmwide, and provided in the minimum thickness and in the 3.0(0.0 +0.2) mm thickness. The 3.0 mm thick specimens are notnecessary if the minimum thickness is greate
34、r than 3.0 mm, orthe maximum thickness is less than 3.0 mm. The maximumthickness shall not exceed 13 mm. The maximum width shallnot exceed 13.5 mm. The edges shall be smooth, and the radiuson the corners shall not exceed 1.3 mm.7.3 It is possible that the results of tests carried out on testspecimen
35、s of different colors, thicknesses, densities, molecularD635 142masses, directions of anisotropy and types, or with differentadditives, fillers/reinforcements will be different.7.3.1 Test specimens in the minimum and maximumdensities, melt flows and level of fillers/reinforcements con-tents shall be
36、 considered representative of the range, if theresults yield the same flame test classification. If the burningcharacteristics are not essentially the same for all specimensrepresenting the range, the evaluation is to be limited only tothe materials in the densities, melt flows, and fillers/reinforc
37、ements contents tested. Additional specimens in theintermediate densities, melt flows, and fillers/reinforcementscontents are to be tested.7.3.2 Uncolored test specimens and test specimens with thehighest level of organic and inorganic pigment loading byweight are considered representative of the co
38、lor range, if thetest results are essentially the same. When certain pigments areknown to affect flammability characteristics, they are also to betested. Specimens to be tested are those that:(a) contain no coloring(b) contain the highest level of organic pigmentsFIG. 1 Test FixtureFIG. 2 Flexible S
39、pecimen Support FixtureD635 143(c) contain the highest level of inorganic pigments(d) contain pigments which are known to adversely affectflammability characteristics8. Conditioning8.1 Condition ten bar specimens for each material andthickness to be tested in accordance with Procedure A ofPractice D
40、618 for a minimum of 48 hours. Once removed fromthe conditioning atmosphere test the specimens within 1 h.Temperature and humidity tolerances shall be in accordancewith Section 7 of Practice D618.8.2 Conduct testing in a laboratory atmosphere of 15 to35C and 75 % relative humidity.9. Procedure9.1 Pr
41、epare at least ten bar specimens. After measuring andrecording the specimen thickness, mark each specimen withtwo lines perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bar,25 6 1 and 100 6 1 mm from the end that is to be ignited.9.2 Conduct the burning test in a chamber, enclosure, orlaboratory hood f
42、ree of induced or forced draft. (WarningProducts of combustion are potentially toxic. An enclosedlaboratory hood and an exhaust fan for removing the productsof combustion after the tests are recommended. The exhaustfan is turned off during the test and turned on immediatelyfollowing the test in orde
43、r to remove products of combustion.)9.3 Clamp the specimen at the end farthest from the 25 mmreference mark, in a support with its longitudinal axis horizon-tal and its transverse axis inclined at 45 6 2 as illustrated inFig. 1. Clamp the wire gauze horizontally beneath thespecimen, with a distance
44、of 10 6 1 mm between the lowestedge of the specimen and the wire gauze, and with the free endof the specimen even with the edge of the gauze. Any materialremaining on the wire gauze from the previous test must beburned off or a new section of wire gauze used for each test.9.4 If the specimen sags at
45、 its free end during the initial setup and is not able to maintain the distance of 10 6 1mmasspecified in 9.2, the flexible specimen support fixture illustratedin Fig. 2 shall be used. Position the support fixture under thespecimen with the small extending portion of the supportfixture at least 20 m
46、m from the free end of the specimen.Provide enough clearance at the clamped end of the specimenso that the support fixture can be moved freely sidewards. Asthe flame front progresses along the specimen, withdraw thesupport fixture at the same approximate rate, preventing theflame front from contacti
47、ng the flexible specimen supportfixture, so that there is no effect on the test flame or on theburning of the specimen.9.5 With the central axis of the burner tube in the verticalposition, place the burner remote from the specimen, ignite,and adjust it to produce a blue flame 20 mm high. Adjust theg
48、as supply and the air ports of the burner until a 20-mmyellow-tipped blue flame is produced, and then increase the airsupply until the yellow tip just disappears. Measure the heightof the flame. If the flame height is not 20 6 2 mm, adjust theburner gas supply to give the proper flame height. Once t
49、heflame has been properly set to a height of 20 6 2 mm wait forat least 5 min to allow the burner conditions to reachequilibrium.NOTE 7See Practice D5207 for recommended back pressure and flowrate for the gas supply and calibration procedure for the 20 mm flame.9.6 Place the burner so that the test flame impinges on thefree end of the test specimen to a depth of approximately 6 mmstarting the timing device simultaneously. The central axis ofthe burner tube is to be in the same vertical plane as thelongitudinal bottom edge of the specimen and inclined towardth
