1、Designation: D 661 93 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forEvaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 661; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluati
3、on of the degree ofcracking of exterior paints by comparison with photographicstandards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior Paints2.2 Other Standards:Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects Handbook33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of
4、 Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 cracking, nthat phenomenon manifested in paintfilms by a break extending through to the surface painted.3.1.1.1 DiscussionWhere this is difficult to determine, thebreak should be called a crack only if the underlying surface isvisible. The use of a magnificatio
5、n of 10 diameters is recom-mended in cases where it is difficult to differentiate betweencracking and checking (see Test Method D 660).4. Significance and Use4.1 Cracking failure of paint films can occur in use. This testmethod provides a means of evaluating the degree of the failureby comparing the
6、 pictorial standards.5. Types of Cracking5.1 Three types of cracking are recognized:5.1.1 Irregular Pattern TypeCracking in which the breaksin the film are in no definite pattern.5.1.2 Line TypeCracking in which the breaks in the filmare generally arranged in parallel lines, usually either horizon-t
7、ally or vertically, over the surface of the film. These breaksoften follow the line of brush marks.5.1.3 Sigmoid TypeCracking in which the breaks in thefilm form a pattern consisting of curves meeting and intersect-ing, usually on a relatively large scale.6. Use of Photographic Reference Standards6.
8、1 The photographic reference standards that are part ofthis test method and are provided in the Pictorial Standards ofCoating Defects Handbook are representative of the degree ofcracking of exterior paint films. Fig. 1 is for illustrationpurposes only and should not be used for evaluation.6.2 The us
9、e of the photographic reference standards3illus-trated in Fig. 1 requires the following precautions:6.2.1 The accompanying photographic reference standardsshow line-type cracking only. Irregular and sigmoid-typecracking may also be interpreted from these photographs.6.2.2 Care must be taken not to c
10、onfuse various types offailure that may be present on the same surface. This isparticularly true in observing cracking and checking. Crackingmay very often be an advanced stage of checking and is veryoften in evidence along with checking and other failures.6.2.3 It must be realized that the degree o
11、f failure will varyover any given area. Therefore, an average portion of the filmshould be used for comparison. On larger surfaces it isrecommended that ratings be made at several locations and themean and range reported.6.2.4 Paint films may collect excessive quantities of dirt,which may mask the t
12、ype and degree of failure. If necessary,dirt should be removed by careful and gentle brushing with amoderately soft brush.6.2.5 In examining wood panels for cracking failure, thepossibility of wood failure should be recognized. This takes theform of a cracking or splitting of the wood itself with ar
13、esultant rupture of the paint film. Also, some panels willdevelop “resin spewing” which will cause early failure bycracking. These points should be taken into consideration inany evaluations.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials and
14、 Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.25 on Evaluation of Weathering Effects.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originallyapproved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 661 93 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the A
15、STM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Copies of the pictorial photographic reference standards are contained in thepublication Pictorial Stan
16、dards of Coatings Defects and may be obtained from theFederation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell,PA 19422. The silver halide-gelatin photographs are intended to be the only primaryreference standards for this method. The reproductions of them in this test methodar
17、e for the purpose of illustration only.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 For convenience in recording the data obtained, therecords should be kept on forms agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.7. Precisio
18、n and Bias7.1 No precision or bias statement has been established forthis test method.8. Keywords8.1 cracking; evaluation; reference standardsFIG. 1 Degrees of CrackingD 661 93 (2005)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any it
19、em mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical com
20、mittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
21、meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
22、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 661 93 (2005)3
