1、Designation: D665 06D665 12Designation: 135/93135/06Standard Test Method forRust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil inthe Presence of Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Sc
3、ope Scope*1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid inpreventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils,such as hydraulic oils and cir
4、culating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.NOTE 1For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of a chemically resistant material,such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).1.2 The values stated in SI
5、units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
6、 practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4-6.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedA240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainle
7、ss Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels andfor General ApplicationsD91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating OilsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity SystemD3603 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristi
8、cs of SteamTurbine Oil in the Presence ofWater (Horizontal Disk Method)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 Other Documents:Motor Fuels, Section I, Annex A2, Table 32, Reference Materials and Blending Accessor
9、ies3Specifications-IP Standard Thermometers, Vol 2, Appendix A4Specifications for IP Standard Reference Liquids, Appendix B4SAE Standard J405 Chemical Composition of SAE Wrought Stainless Steels5BS 871 Specification for abrasive papers and cloths41 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM
10、Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.C0D02.C0.02 on Turbine OilsCorrosion and Water/Air Separability.Current edition approved May 1, 2006Nov. 1, 2012. Published May 2006March 2013. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition ap
11、proved in 20032006 asD66503.-06. DOI: 10.1520/D0665-12.In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTMIP standard in 1964. DOI:10.1520/D0665-06.This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort between
12、 ASTM International and the Energy Institute, London. The EI and ASTMInternational logos imply that the ASTM International and EI standards are technically equivalent, but does not imply that both standards are editorially identical.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org
13、, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 See 1996 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.4 Annual Book of IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum a
14、nd Related Products, Vol 2.Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London,WIG 7AR, U.K.5 1995 SAE Handbook, Vol 1. Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provid
15、e the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the st
16、andard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1BS 970 Part 1: Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steels I
17、ncluding Free Cutting Steels43. Summary of Test Method3.1 A mixture of 300 mL of the oil under test is stirred with 30 mL of distilled water or synthetic sea water, as required, at atemperature of 60 6 1C (140 6 2F) with a cylindrical steel test rod completely immersed therein. It is recommended to
18、run thetest for 4 h; however, the test period may, at the discretion of the contracting parties, be for a shorter or longer period. The testrod is observed for signs of rusting and, if desired, degree of rusting.NOTE 2Until 1999 it was customary to run the test for 24 h. A round robin with compariso
19、ns of different test times showed that no statisticallysignificant differences in rating were found for any sample, between the 4 and 24 h results.64. Significance and Use4.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous
20、parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is alsoused for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils andmonitoring of in-service oils.NOTE 3T
21、his test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and verticaltest rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.5. Apparatus5.1 Oil BathA thermostatically controlled liquid bath capable of maintaining the tes
22、t sample at a temperature of 60 6 1C(140 6 2F) (see Note 4). An oil having a viscosity of approximately ISO VG 32 (see Classification D2422) is suitable for thebath. The bath shall have a cover with holes to accommodate the test beakers.NOTE 4ASTM Thermometer 9C (9F), 9C, as prescribed in Specificat
23、ion E1, or IP Thermometer 21C in accordance with IP Standard Thermometers,Volume 2, Appendix A, is suitable to indicate the temperature. Alternatively, calibrated thermocouples may be used.5.2 BeakerA400-mL, Berzelius-type, tall-form heat-resistant glass beaker without pourout, as shown in Fig. 1, a
24、pproximately127 mm (5 in.) in height measured from the inside bottom center and approximately 70 mm (2mm) 34 in.) in inside diametermeasured at the middle.5.3 Beaker Cover A flat beaker cover of glass or poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (Note 5), kept in position by suitablemeans such as a rim or g
25、roove. Two holes shall be provided on any diameter of the cover; one for a stirrer 12 mm (1532 in.) indiameter with its center 6.4 mm (14 in.) from the center of the cover; and the other, on the opposite side of the center of the cover,for the test rod assembly (see Section 8), 18 mm (4564 in.) in d
26、iameter with its center 16 mm (58 in.) from the center of the cover.In addition, a third hole 12 mm (1532 in.) in diameter shall be provided for a temperature measuring device, with its center 22.5mm (78 in.) from the center of the cover and on a diameter of the cover at right angles to the diameter
27、 through the other two holes.NOTE 5An inverted petri dish makes a suitable cover, as the sides of the dish aid in keeping it in position. Fig. 2 shows a PMMA resin cover forthe beaker which has been found to be suitable. An optional feature is shown, consisting of a slot, 1.6 by 27 mm (mm, 116 by 11
28、16 in.), which is centeredon a diameter of the stirrer hole at right angles to the cover diameter through the test rod hole and stirrer hole. This feature allows withdrawal of the stirrerwhile the beaker cover is in place. When the test method test is used for other fluids such as synthetics, the be
29、aker cover should be made from chemicallyresistant material such as polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE).5.4 The plastic holder shall be made of PMMA resin in accordance with the dimensions shown in Fig. 3 (two types of holdersare illustrated). When testing synthetic fluids, the plastic holder sh
30、ould be made from chemically resistant material such aspolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).5.5 StirrerA stirrer constructed entirely from stainless steel (Note 6 and Note 7) in the form of an inverted T. A flat blade 25by 6 by 0.6 mm (1 by 0.24 by 0.024 in.) shall be attached to a 6-mm (0.24-in.) rod in
31、such a way that the blade is symmetricalwith the rod and has its flat surface in the vertical plane.NOTE 6A suitable material is an 18 % chromium, 8 % nickel alloy steel conforming to Type 304, of Specification A240/A240M, or SAE No. 30304(see SAE J405), or BS 970: Part 1: 1983: 302S31.NOTE 7If stai
32、nless steel is not obtainable, stirrers made of heat-resistant glass and having approximately the same dimensions as the stainless steelstirrers specified can be used.5.6 Stirring ApparatusAny convenient form of stirring apparatus capable of maintaining a speed of 1000 6 50 rpm.5.7 Grinding and Poli
33、shing Equipment ACAMI 150-grit (99-m) and a CAMI 240-grit (53.5-m) in accordance with BS 871or its equivalent, metalworking aluminum oxide abrasive cloth coat on a jeans backing (the corresponding European grades (FEPA)are P150J and P280J, respectively), a suitable chuck (see Fig. 4) for holding the
34、 test rod, and a means of rotating the test rod ata speed of 1700 to 1800 rpm.6 Supporting data (results of the cooperative test program with modified test duration) have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting Research Report RR:D02-1474.D665 122NOTE 8CAMI (Co
35、atedAbrasives Manufacturers Institute) is a United States organization and FEPA(Federation of European Producers ofAbrasives)is a European organization.5.8 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 65C (150F).65C.FIG. 1 Rusting Test ApparatusD665 1236. Reagents and Materials6.1 Purity of Reagent
36、sReagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that allreagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where suchspecifications are available.7 Other grades may be used, provided it is fi
37、rst ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purityto permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.6.2 Purity of Water Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined byType II of Specification D1193.6.3 The synth
38、etic sea water shall have the following composition:COLSPEC/colname=“col3“ align=“center“ char=“.“ Salt g/LSalt g/LNaCl 24.54NaCl 24.547 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , , American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
39、the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.FIG. 2 Beaker CoverD665 124MgCl26H2O11.10FIG. 3 Test Rod and HoldersFIG. 4
40、Chuck for Polishing Test RodsD665 125MgCl26H2O11.10Na2SO4 4.09Na2SO4 4.09CaCl2 1.16CaCl2 1.16KCl 0.69KCl 0.69NaHCO3 0.20NaHCO3 0.20KBr 0.10KBr 0.10H3BO3 0.03H3BO3 0.03SrCl26H2O 0.04SrCl26H2O 0.04NaF 0.003NaF 0.0036.3.1 The solution can be conveniently prepared as follows. This procedure avoids any p
41、recipitation in concentrated solutionswith subsequent uncertainty of complete resolution. Using certified pure (cp) chemicals and distilled water, prepare the followingstock solutions:COLSPEC/colname=“col3“ align=“center“ Stock SolutionStock SolutionMgCl26H2OMgCl26H2OCaCl2 (anhydrous)CaCl2 (anhydrou
42、s)SrCl26H2OSrCl26H2ODissolve and diluteDissolve and diluteStock SolutionStock SolutionKClKClNaHCO3NaHCO3KBrKBrH3BO3H3BO3NaFNaFDissolve and diluteDissolve and dilute6.3.2 To prepare the synthetic sea water, dissolve 245.4 g of NaCl and 40.94 g of Na2SO4 in a few litres of distilled water, add200 mLof
43、 Stock Solution No. 1 and 100 mLof Stock Solution No. 2 and dilute to 10 L. Stir the 10-Lbatch and add 0.1 N Na2CO3solution until the pH is between 7.8 and 8.2. One or two millilitres of the carbonate solution will be required.6.4 Precipitation Naphtha, as specified in Test Method D91. (Warning Flam
44、mable. Health hazard.)6.5 Isooctane, as specified in Motor Fuels, Section I, Annex A2, Table 32, Reference Materials and Blending Accessories.(WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)6.6 IP 60/80 Petroleum Spirit, as specified by IP Standard Reference Liquids, Appendix B. (WarningFlammable. Healthhazard.)6
45、.7 Steel Test Rod, as specified in Section 8.7. Sampling7.1 Sample for this test can come from tanks, drums, small containers, or even operating equipment, and they should be trulyrepresentative of the entire quantity. Therefore, use the applicable apparatus and techniques described in Practice D405
46、7, or othercomparable standard practice.8. Test Rod and Its Preparation8.1 For each test oil, prepare two steel test rods. These may either be new or from a previous test (see Note 9) and shall beprepared in accordance with 8.2 and 8.3.8.2 The test rod assembly shall consist of a round steel test ro
47、d fitted to a plastic holder. The round steel test rod, when new,shall be 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter and approximately 68 mm (21116 in.) in length exclusive of the threaded portion whichscrews into the plastic holder and shall be tapered at one end as shown in Fig. 3. It shall be made of steel co
48、nforming to GradeD665 12610180 of Specification A108 or to BS 970 Part I: 1983-070M20. If these steels are not available, other equivalent steels may beused, provided they are found to be satisfactory by comparative test using this Test Method D665 IP 135.NOTE 9When making a check test, the steel te
49、st rod that showed rust should not be reused. Test rods that repeatedly show rust in tests of variousoils can be imperfect. Such test rods should be used with oils known to pass the test. If rusting occurs in repeat tests, these test rods should be discarded.8.3 Preliminary GrindingIf the test rod has been used previously and is free of rust or other irregularities, the preliminarygrinding may be omitted, and it may be subjected only to final polishing as prescribed in 8.4. If the test rod is new or if any partof its surfac
