1、Designation: D70 17D70 18Standard Test Method forDensity of Semi-Solid Bituminous MaterialsAsphalt Binder(Pycnometer Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D70; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers
3、the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt,asphalt binder and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.NOTE 1An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials asphalt binder is Test Method D3289. Formate
4、rials which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to thebe regarded separately as the standard. No other units ofmeasurement are included in this standard, with the exception of temperature measurement
5、s, which are stated in degrees Celsiuswith temperature. Units provided in Fahrenheit are for reference purposes only. Temperatures given in degrees Celsius are to beconsidered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently o
6、f the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 WarningMercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many stateagencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver
7、damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products.See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPAs website(www.epa.gov/merc
8、ury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containingproducts, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding
9、those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmen
10、tal practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guide
11、s and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt MaterialsD3
12、142/D3142M Test Method for Specific Gravity, API Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer MethodD3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Pavin
13、g MaterialsD4311/D4311M Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correction to a Base TemperatureE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.4
14、7 onMiscellaneous Asphalt Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017April 1, 2018. Published December 2017April 2018. Originally approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 20092017as D70 09D70 17.1. DOI: 10.1520/D0070-17.10.1520/D0070-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM websi
15、te, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication
16、 of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be conside
17、red the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of ThermometersE563 Practice for Preparation an
18、d Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference TemperatureE644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance ThermometersE879 Specification for Thermistor Sensors for General Purpose and Laboratory Temperature MeasurementsE1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers2.2 Othe
19、r:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 densitythe mass per unit volume of a material.3.1.2 relative densitythe ratio of the mass of a given volume of a material to the mass of the same volume of water at the sametemperature (see
20、Note 2).NOTE 2Relative density is also described as specific gravity.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is placed in a standardized pycnometer. The pycnometer and sample are weighed, then the remaining volumeis filled with water. The filled pycnometer is brought to the test temperature and weig
21、hed. The density of the sample is calculatedfrom its mass and the mass of water displaced by the sample in the filled pycnometer.5. Significance and Use5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from thetemperature of measurement to a
22、standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.5.2 The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing theprocedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of SpecificationD
23、3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend onmany factors; following the suggestions of Sp
24、ecification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means ofevaluation and controlling some of these factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Pycnometer, glass, consisting of a cylindrical or conical vessel carefully ground to receive an accurately fitting glass stopper22 to 26 mm 0.9 to 1.0 in. in dia
25、meter. The stopper shall be provided with a hole 1.0 to 2.0 mm 0.04 to 0.08 in. in diameter,centrally located in reference to the vertical axis. The top surface of the stopper shall be substantially plane and have no chips, andthe lower surface shall be concave to allow all air to escape through the
26、 bore. The height of the concave section shall be 4.0 to18.0 mm 0.16 to 0.71 in. at the center. The stoppered pycnometer shall have a capacity of 24 to 30 mL 0.95 to 1.18 in. and shallweigh not more than 40 g. g 1.4 oz. Suitable pycnometers are illustrated in Fig. 1.6.2 Water Bath, constant-temperat
27、ure, capable of maintaining the temperature within 0.1 C (0.2 F)0.2 F of the testtemperature. The water bath shall be equipped with a thermometer as described in 6.3.6.3 ThermometerThe thermometer shall be one of the following:FIG. 1 Suitable Pycnometers and StopperD70 1826.3.1 A liquid-in-glass par
28、tial immersion thermometer of suitable range with subdivisions and maximum scale error of 0.1 C(0.2 F)0.2 F which conforms to the requirements of Specification E1. Calibrate the thermometer in accordance with one of themethods in Test Method E77 or verify its original calibration at the ice point (N
29、otes 3 and 4). Thermometer A thermometercommonly used is an ASTM 63C.NOTE 3Practice E563 provides instructions on the preparation and use of an ice-point bath as a reference temperature.NOTE 4If the thermometer does not read 0.0 6 0.1 C (32.032.0 6 0.1 F)0.2 F at the ice point, then the thermometer
30、should be recalibrated.6.3.2 A platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) with a probe sensor which conforms to the requirements of SpecificationE1137/E1137M. The PRT shall thermometer shall be calibrated annually as a single unit and have a 3- or 4-wire connectionconfiguration and the overall sheath len
31、gth shall be at least 50 mm greater than the immersion depth.configuration. The sensingelement shall be immersed to the depth specified by the manufacturer. Calibrate the PRT system (probe(sensor and readout) inaccordance with Test Methods E644 or verify its original calibration at the ice point (No
32、tes 3 and 4). Corrections shall be appliedto ensure accurate measurements within 0.1 C.0.1 C 0.2 F.6.3.3 A metal-sheathed thermistor thermometer with a sensor substantially similar in construction to the PRT probedescribedsensor which conforms to the requirements of Specification E879in, 6.3.2. cali
33、brated annually as a single unit. Thesensing element of the thermistor shall be completely immersed. Calibrate the thermistor thermometer system (sensor and readout)in accordance with Test Methods E644 or verify its original calibration at the ice point (Notes 3 and 4). Corrections shall be appliedt
34、o ensure accurate measurements within 0.1 C.0.1 C 0.2 F.6.4 Balance, capable of making the required measurements to an accuracy of at least 0.001 g.0.001 g 0.00001 oz.6.5 Beaker, 600-mL 20-fluid oz or larger Griffin low-form beaker.6.6 Tongs, Tongs or Clean Nitrile (or Similar) Gloves, rubber covere
35、d, for placing and removing the pycnometer from thebeaker.7. Materials7.1 WaterBoiled and cooled distilled or deionized water, free of visual contaminants. Water greater than three days postboiling and cooling shall not be used (Note 6).NOTE 5Water should be discarded or re-boiled if bubbles are see
36、n in the pycnometer during testing.NOTE 6As an alternative to using heat, a vacuum source to pull a negative pressure until the water boils without heat may be used. In this case, thewater does not have to be cooled before use.8. Sampling8.1 Take samples in accordance with Practice D140/D140M. The s
37、ample shall be free of foreign substances.8.2 Thoroughly mix the sample before removing a representative portion for testing.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Partially fill a 600-mL 20-fluid oz or larger Griffin low-form beaker with freshly boiled and cooled distilled or deionizedwater to a level that
38、 will allow the top of the pycnometer to be immersed to a depth of not less than 40 mm.mm 1.6 in.9.2 Partially immerse the beaker in the water bath to a depth sufficient to allow the bottom of the beaker to be immersed to adepth of not less than 100 mm, mm 3.9 in., while the top of the beaker is abo
39、ve the water level of the bath. Utilize some methodto ensure that the beaker does not tip over, while making sure that circulation of the water in the conditioning bath around thebeaker is not restricted.9.3 Maintain the temperature of the water bath within 0.1 C (0.2 F)0.2 F of the test temperature
40、 as determined by thethermometer described in 6.3.10. Standardization of Pycnometer10.1 Thoroughly clean, dry, and weigh the pycnometer to the nearest 0.001 g. Designate this mass as A.10.2 Remove the beaker from the water bath if necessary. Using the tongs, fill the pycnometer with freshly boiled d
41、istilled ordeionized water, placing the stopper loosely in the pycnometer. Place the pycnometer in the beaker and press the stopper firmlyin place. Again using the tongs, return the beaker to the water bath if previously removed.NOTE 7Standardization must be done at the test temperature.Apycnometer
42、standardized at one temperature cannot be used at a different temperaturewithout restandardization at that temperature.10.1 Allow the pycnometer to remain in the water for a period of not less than 30 min. Remove the pycnometer using the tongs,immediately dry the top of the stopper with one stroke o
43、f a dry towel (Perform each of the following steps, handling the Note 8),then quickly dry the remaining outside area of the pycnometer and weigh to the nearest 0.001 g. Designate the mass of thepycnometer plus water pycnometer only with tongs or gloves as B.described in 6.6:D70 183NOTE 8Do not re-dr
44、y the top of the stopper even if a small droplet of water forms as a result of expansion. If the top is dried at the instant of removingthe pycnometer from the water, the proper mass of the contents at the test temperature will be recorded. If moisture condenses on the pycnometer duringweighing, qui
45、ckly re-dry the outside of the pycnometer (excluding the top) before recording the mass.10.1.1 Thoroughly clean, dry, and weigh the pycnometer to the nearest 0.001 g 0.00001 oz. Designate this mass as A.10.1.2 Remove the beaker from the water bath, if necessary. Fill the pycnometer with freshly boil
46、ed distilled or deionized water,placing the stopper loosely in the pycnometer. Place the pycnometer in the beaker and press the stopper firmly in place. Returnthe beaker to the water bath if previously removed.NOTE 7Standardization must be done at the test temperature.Apycnometer standardized at one
47、 temperature cannot be used at a different temperaturewithout restandardization at that temperature.10.1.3 Allow the pycnometer to remain in the water for a period of not less than 30 min. Remove the pycnometer andimmediately dry the top of the stopper with one stroke of a dry towel (Note 8), then q
48、uickly dry the remaining outside area of thepycnometer and weigh to the nearest 0.001 g 0.00001 oz. Designate the mass of the pycnometer plus water as B.NOTE 8Do not re-dry the top of the stopper even if a small droplet of water forms as a result of expansion. If the top is dried at the instant of r
49、emovingthe pycnometer from the water, the proper mass of the contents at the test temperature will be recorded. If moisture condenses on the pycnometer duringweighing, quickly re-dry the outside of the pycnometer (excluding the top) before recording the mass.11. Procedure11.1 Preparation of SampleHeat the sample with care, stirring to prevent local overheating, until the sample has becomesufficiently fluid to pour. In no case should the temperature be raised to more than 55 C (131 F) above the expected
