1、Designation: D709 01 (Reapproved 2007)D709 13 An American National StandardStandard Specification forLaminated Thermosetting Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This spe
3、cification covers laminated thermosetting materials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing materialbonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. Examples of such reinforcement are cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, andsynthetic fiber fabrics. These materials are available i
4、n the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and molded rods.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.NOTE 1This specification resembles IEC 60893-3 in title only. The content is significantly different.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to th
5、e test methods described in this specification. This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulator
6、y limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical InsulationD257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating MaterialsD348 Test Methods for Rigid Tubes Used for Electrical InsulationD349 Tes
7、t Methods for Laminated Round Rods Used for Electrical InsulationD495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)3D621 Specification for Jute Rove and Plied Yarn for Electrical and Packing Purposes (Withdrawn 2000)3D668 Test Methods o
8、f Measuring Dimensions of Rigid Rods and Tubes Used for Electrical InsulationD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1180 Method of Test for Warpage of Sheet Plastics (Withdrawn 1988)3D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking
9、and Erosion of Insulating MaterialsD2304 Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Rigid Electrical Insulating MaterialsD3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsD6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)32.2
10、IEEE Standards:41 General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electric Equipment98 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation and Establishment of Temperature Indices of SolidElectrical Insulating Materials99 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures fo
11、r the Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Electric Equipment101 Guide for the Statistical Analysis of Thermal Life Test Data2.3 NEMA Standards:5LI 1-1971 Industrial Laminated Thermosetting ProductsLI 5-1969 Temperature Indices of Industrial Thermosetting Laminates1 This specification is und
12、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.Current edition approved May 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2013. Published June 2007November 2013. Originally approved in 194
13、3. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 asD709 01.D709 01 (2007). DOI: 10.1520/D0709-01R07.10.1520/D0709-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the
14、 standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http:/www.ieee.org.5 Ava
15、ilable from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300 N. 17th St., Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/www.nema.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous versio
16、n. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes sectio
17、n appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1LI 3-1961 High-Temperature Properties of Industrial Thermosetting Laminates2.4 Military Specifications:6MIL-P-997 Plastic Material, Laminated, Thermo
18、setting, Electric Insulation, Sheets, Glass Cloth, Silicone ResinMIL-P-15035 Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Thermosetting, Cotton-Fabric-Base, Phenolic-ResinMIL-P-15037 Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Thermosetting, Glass-Cloth, Melamine-ResinMIL-P-15047 Plastic Material, Laminated Thermosetting Sheets, Nylon
19、Fabric Base, Phenolic-ResinMIL-P-18177 Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Thermosetting, Glass Fibre Base, Epoxy-ResinMIL-P-22324 Plastic Sheet, Thermosetting, Paper-Base, Epoxy-Resin2.5 Federal Specifications:L-P-513 Plastic Sheet and Insulation Sheet, Electrical (Laminated, Thermosetting, Paper-Base, Pheno
20、lic-Resin)6L-P-509 Plastic Sheet, Rod and Tube, Laminated Thermosetting62.6 IEC Standard:Publication 60893-3 Specification for Industrial Laminated Sheets Based on Thermosetting Resins for Electrical Purposes73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to
21、Terminologies D883 or D1711.4. Types and Grades4.1 Laminated materials covered by this specification are classified in accordance with the types of reinforcement used in theirmanufacture, and the electrical, mechanical, and heat-resisting characteristics of the finished products (Note 2).NOTE 2Furth
22、er descriptive information regarding these various types and grades of laminated thermosetting materials is given in Table 1 andAppendix X1 Appendix X3. Appendix X3 also includes tables covering engineering information on other properties of the various grades of laminatedthermosetting products that
23、 are not included in these specification requirements.5. Forms5.1 Laminated thermosetting materials are available in four forms: sheets, tubes (Note 3), rods (Note 4), and molded shapes(Note 5), as indicated in Table 2. This specification covers the material in three forms: sheets, tubes of two clas
24、ses (rolled andmolded), and molded rods. The classes of tubes desired shall be specified by the purchaser in the contract or order. In cases wherethe purchaser desires a particular class of molded rod he should the purchaser shall so specify.NOTE 3Tubes are made of laminations of fibrous sheet impre
25、gnated material, rolled upon mandrels under tension or between heated pressure rolls,or both. They are of two classes, rolled and molded. Rolled tubes are oven-baked after rolling on the mandrels. Molded tubes are cured in molds underheat and pressure.NOTE 4Molded rods are composed of laminations of
26、 impregnated sheet material molded in cylindrical molds under heat and pressure, and thenground to size. Molded rods are of two classes made by winding the impregnated sheet convolutely before molding or by forming strips in the moldingoperation.Machined rods, manufactured from certain grades of she
27、et material, are not covered by this specification. In rods machined from sheets, the laminationsare parallel chords of a circular cross-section. In general, the properties of these rods conform to those of the grade of sheet stock from which they arecut. This type of rod may has the potential to be
28、 low in flexural strength when stress is applied perpendicular to the lamination.NOTE 5Molded shapes are composed of impregnated sheet materials cut into various sizes and shapes to fit the contours of a mold, and molded underheat and pressure. In special cases some macerated material is used in com
29、bination with impregnated sheet materials, depending upon the design of thepiece. The requirements of this specification, particularly with regard to mechanical properties, cannot be considered as applying to molded shapes, exceptfor rectangular and square tubes, since such properties will depend to
30、 a considerable extent upon the design of the piece.6. General Requirements6.1 Materials and WorkmanshipLaminated material shall be uniform in quality. It shall be free of blisters, wrinkles, or cracksand shall be reasonably free of other small defects such as scratches, heat marks, etc., as defined
31、 in Terminology D883. Tubes ofany grade having wall thickness greater than 12 in. (13 mm) and molded paper-base rods (Grades XX and XXX) having diametersgreater than 1 in. (25 mm) may have the potential to show checks or cracks between the laminations on machined or sawed edges.6.2 Finish and Color
32、Requirements for finish (Note 6) and color (Note 7) shall be as specified by the purchaser in the contractor order.NOTE 6The various forms and grades of laminated thermosetting material are available in the finishes shown in Table 3.NOTE 7The various types and grades of laminated thermosetting mater
33、ial are available in the colors shown in Table 4. Where MIL-P specificationsare involved, natural color only shall be supplied.6.3 Warp or Twist The warp or twist shall not exceed the values prescribed in Table 5.6 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins A
34、ve., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 Attn: NPODS.7 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D709 1326.4 Punching PropertiesThe grades of material differ in their suitability for punching, but thin pieces of any of the
35、grades mayare permitted to be punched in simple shapes, provided good punching practice is used, including sharp, close-clearance dies,proper stripper plates, and proper heating conditions. When using good punching practice as outlined below, the various gradesshall punch satisfactorily in thickness
36、 up to and including the maximum limits as prescribed in Table 6. Where punching propertiesbetter than those listed in Table 6 are required for particular parts, this shall be subject to agreement between the purchaser andthe manufacturer. In good punching practice the edges of the piece shall be no
37、 closer to the edge of the strip than twice the thicknessof the sheet, the holes shall be no smaller in diameter than the thickness of the sheet nor have square corners, and the distancebetween the holes or between the holes and the edge of the piece shall be no less than the thickness of the sheet.
38、 For thickermaterials, depending upon the grade, heating the material to a temperature of 120 to 140 C (approximately 15 min for material18 in. (3 mm) in thickness) is generally necessary for best punching results, although in Grade XP or XPC this mayit is possiblethat this will make the material to
39、o soft. In this case, better results may are likely to be obtained by heating at lower temperaturesor for a shorter time. If more than 2 min elapse between the time the strip leaves the heating medium and the last piece is punched,results will be poor.TABLE 1 Types and Grades of Laminated Thermosett
40、ing MaterialsD709GradeDesignationMIL-P and LP GradeDesignationA DescriptionType ICellulose Paper-Base Phenolic Resin (Unless Noted)X . mechanicalXP . mechanical; hot-punching stockXPC . mechanical; cold-punching and cold-shearing stockXX L-P-513, Type PBG electrical and mechanicalXXP . electrical an
41、d mechanical; hot-punching stockXXX L-P-513, Type PBE electrical and high humidityXXXP L-P-513, Type PBE-P electrical and high humidity; hot-punching stockXXXPC L-P-513, Type PBE-P punchable at lower temperature than Grade XXXPFR-1 . paper-base, flame-resistant, similar to Grade XPFR-2 . paper-base,
42、 flame-resistant, similar to Grade XXXPFR-3 MIL-P-22324, Type PEE flame-resistant, epoxy resin; electrical and mechanicalES-1 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binderES-2 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binderES-3 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binderType
43、IICellulose Fabric-Base Phenolic ResinC MIL-P-15035, Type FBM mechanicalCE MIL-P-15035, Type FBG mechanical and electricalL MIL-P-15035, Type FBI mechanical; fine machiningLE MIL-P-15035, Type FBE mechanical and electrical; fine machiningType IVGlass-BaseG-3 . continuous filament-type glass cloth; p
44、henolic resin, general purposeG-5 . continuous filament-type glass cloth, melamine binder; general purpose;good arc and flame resistanceG-7 MIL-P-997, Type GSG continuous filament-type glass cloth, silicone resin binder; good mechanicalstrength, heat and arc resistance; low dielectric losses and hig
45、h insulationresistance under humid conditionsG-9 MIL-P-15037, Type GME continuous filament-glass cloth, melamine binder. Superior to Grade G-5 un-der wet conditions, good arc and flame resistanceG-10 MIL-P-18177, Type GEE continuous filament-type glass cloth, epoxy resin binder; high mechanicalstren
46、gth good insulation resistance, dielectric loss, and dielectric strengthunder dry and humid conditionsG-11 MIL-P-18177, Type GEB continuous filament-type glass cloth, heat-resistant epoxy binder; propertiessimilar to Grade G-10 but higher flexural strength retained at elevated tem-peraturesFR-4 MIL-
47、P-18177, Type GEE continuous filament-glass cloth with a flame-resistant epoxy resin binder;properties similar to G-10FR-5 MIL-P-18177, Type GEB continuous filament-glass cloth with a heat- and flame-resistant epoxy resinbinder; properties similar to G11GPO-1, GPO-2, and GPO-3 Glass mat with polyest
48、er resin binder, for general purpose, flame resistanceand tracking resistanceGPO-1P, GPO-2P, and GPO-3P Glass mat with polyester resin binder, for general purpose, flame resistanceand tracking resistanceType VNylon-BaseN-1 MIL-P-15047, Type NPG nylon cloth-base, phenolic resin binder; excellent elec
49、trical properties underhigh humidity; good impactType VIComposite-Base LaminatesCEM-1 . cellulose paper core, glass surfaces, flame-resistant resin (see X1.28)CEM-3 . non-woven glass core, glass surfaces, flame-resistant resin (see X1.29)A The MIL-P and LP-513 designations apply only to sheet materials. LP-509 applies to sheet and tube material. Revisions of this specification are designated by suffixletters added to the MIL-P or LP Specification number, A for the first revision, B for the second, etc. Reference shouldshall accordingly be made to the lat
