1、Designation: D709 13D709 16Standard Specification forLaminated Thermosetting Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers laminated thermosetting materia
3、ls consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing materialbonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. Examples of such reinforcement are cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, andsynthetic fiber fabrics. These materials are available in the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, an
4、d molded rods.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.NOTE 1This specification resembles IEC 60893-3 in title only. The content is significantly different.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. T
5、his standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Document
6、s2.1 ASTM Standards:2D229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical InsulationD257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating MaterialsD348 Test Methods for Rigid Tubes Used for Electrical InsulationD349 Test Methods for Laminated Round Rods Used for Elect
7、rical InsulationD495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical InsulationD621 Test Methods for Deformation of Plastics Under Load (Withdrawn 1994)3D668 Test Methods of Measuring Dimensions of Rigid Rods and Tubes Used for Electrical InsulationD883 Terminology
8、Relating to PlasticsD1180 Method of Test for Warpage of Sheet Plastics (Withdrawn 1988)3D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating MaterialsD2304 Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Rigid Electrical
9、 Insulating MaterialsD3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsD6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)32.2 IEEE Standards:41 General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electric Equipmen
10、t98 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation and Establishment of Temperature Indices of SolidElectrical Insulating Materials99 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Electric Equipment101 Guide for the Statist
11、ical Analysis of Thermal Life Test Data2.3 NEMA Standards:5LI 1-1971 Industrial Laminated Thermosetting ProductsLI 5-1969 Temperature Indices of Industrial Thermosetting Laminates1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials an
12、d is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013March 1, 2016. Published November 2013March 2016. Originally approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 20072013as D709 01 (2007).D709 13. DOI: 10.1520/D0709-
13、13.10.1520/D0709-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this histo
14、rical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http:/www.ieee.org.5 Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300 N. 17th St., Suite 1752
15、, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/www.nema.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
16、 recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
17、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1LI 3-1961 High-Temperature Properties of Industrial Thermosetting Laminates2.4 Military Specifications:6MIL-P-997 Plastic Material, Laminated, Thermosetting, Electric Insulation, Sheets, Glass Cloth, Silicone ResinMIL-P-15035 Plastic Sheet, La
18、minated, Thermosetting, Cotton-Fabric-Base, Phenolic-ResinMIL-P-15037 Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Thermosetting, Glass-Cloth, Melamine-ResinMIL-P-15047 Plastic Material, Laminated Thermosetting Sheets, Nylon Fabric Base, Phenolic-ResinMIL-P-18177 Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Thermosetting, Glass Fibre Ba
19、se, Epoxy-ResinMIL-P-22324 Plastic Sheet, Thermosetting, Paper-Base, Epoxy-Resin2.5 Federal Specifications:L-P-513 Plastic Sheet and Insulation Sheet, Electrical (Laminated, Thermosetting, Paper-Base, Phenolic-Resin)6L-P-509 Plastic Sheet, Rod and Tube, Laminated Thermosetting62.6 IEC Standard:Publi
20、cation 60893-3 Specification for Industrial Laminated Sheets Based on Thermosetting Resins for Electrical Purposes73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminologies D883 or D1711.4. Types and Grades4.1 Laminated materials covered by this specifi
21、cation are classified in accordance with the types of reinforcement used in theirmanufacture, and the electrical, mechanical, and heat-resisting characteristics of the finished products (Note 2).NOTE 2Further descriptive information regarding these various types and grades of laminated thermosetting
22、 materials is given in Table 1 andAppendix X1 Appendix X3. Appendix X3 also includes tables covering engineering information on other properties of the various grades of laminatedthermosetting products that are not included in these specification requirements.5. Forms5.1 Laminated thermosetting mate
23、rials are available in four forms: sheets, tubes (Note 3), rods (Note 4), and molded shapes(Note 5), as indicated in Table 2. This specification covers the material in three forms: sheets, tubes of two classes (rolled andmolded), and molded rods. The classes of tubes desired shall be specified by th
24、e purchaser in the contract or order. In cases wherethe purchaser desires a particular class of molded rod the purchaser shall so specify.NOTE 3Tubes are made of laminations of fibrous sheet impregnated material, rolled upon mandrels under tension or between heated pressure rolls,or both. They are o
25、f two classes, rolled and molded. Rolled tubes are oven-baked after rolling on the mandrels. Molded tubes are cured in molds underheat and pressure.NOTE 4Molded rods are composed of laminations of impregnated sheet material molded in cylindrical molds under heat and pressure, and thenground to size.
26、 Molded rods are of two classes made by winding the impregnated sheet convolutely before molding or by forming strips in the moldingoperation.Machined rods, manufactured from certain grades of sheet material, are not covered by this specification. In rods machined from sheets, the laminationsare par
27、allel chords of a circular cross-section. In general, the properties of these rods conform to those of the grade of sheet stock from which they arecut. This type of rod has the potential to be low in flexural strength when stress is applied perpendicular to the lamination.NOTE 5Molded shapes are com
28、posed of impregnated sheet materials cut into various sizes and shapes to fit the contours of a mold, and molded underheat and pressure. In special cases some macerated material is used in combination with impregnated sheet materials, depending upon the design of thepiece. The requirements of this s
29、pecification, particularly with regard to mechanical properties, cannot be considered as applying to molded shapes, exceptfor rectangular and square tubes, since such properties will depend to a considerable extent upon the design of the piece.6. General Requirements6.1 Materials and WorkmanshipLami
30、nated material shall be uniform in quality. It shall be free of blisters, wrinkles, or cracksand shall be reasonably free of other small defects such as scratches, heat marks, etc., and so forth, as defined inTerminology D883.Tubes of any grade having wall thickness greater than 12 in. (13 mm) and m
31、olded paper-base rods (Grades XX and XXX) havingdiameters greater than 1 in. (25 mm) have the potential to show checks or cracks between the laminations on machined or sawededges.6.2 Finish and ColorRequirements for finish (Note 6) and color (Note 7) shall be as specified by the purchaser in the con
32、tractor order.NOTE 6The various forms and grades of laminated thermosetting material are available in the finishes shown in Table 3.NOTE 7The various types and grades of laminated thermosetting material are available in the colors shown in Table 4. Where MIL-P specificationsare involved, natural col
33、or only shall be supplied.6.3 Warp or TwistThe warp or twist shall not exceed the values prescribed in Table 5.6 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 Attn: NPODS.7 Available from American National Standards Institute (A
34、NSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D709 1626.4 Punching PropertiesThe grades of material differ in their suitability for punching, but thin pieces of any of the grades arepermitted to be punched in simple shapes, provided good punching practice is used, including
35、 sharp, close-clearance dies, properstripper plates, and proper heating conditions. When using good punching practice as outlined below, the various grades shallpunch satisfactorily in thickness up to and including the maximum limits as prescribed in Table 6. Where punching propertiesbetter than tho
36、se listed in Table 6 are required for particular parts, this shall be subject to agreement between the purchaser andthe manufacturer. In good punching practice the edges of the piece shall be no closer to the edge of the strip than twice the thicknessof the sheet, the holes shall be no smaller in di
37、ameter than the thickness of the sheet nor have square corners, and the distancebetween the holes or between the holes and the edge of the piece shall be no less than the thickness of the sheet. For thickermaterials, depending upon the grade, heating the material to a temperature of 120 to 140 C 140
38、C (approximately 15 min formaterial 18 in. (3 mm) in thickness) is generally necessary for best punching results, although in Grade XP or XPC it is possiblethat this will make the material too soft. In this case, better results are likely to be obtained by heating at lower temperatures orfor a short
39、er time. If more than 2 min elapse between the time the strip leaves the heating medium and the last piece is punched,results will be poor.TABLE 1 Types and Grades of Laminated Thermosetting MaterialsD709GradeDesignationMIL-P and LP GradeDesignationA DescriptionType ICellulose Paper-Base Phenolic Re
40、sin (Unless Noted)X . mechanicalXP . mechanical; hot-punching stockXPC . mechanical; cold-punching and cold-shearing stockXX L-P-513, Type PBG electrical and mechanicalXXP . electrical and mechanical; hot-punching stockXXX L-P-513, Type PBE electrical and high humidityXXXP L-P-513, Type PBE-P electr
41、ical and high humidity; hot-punching stockXXXPC L-P-513, Type PBE-P punchable at lower temperature than Grade XXXPFR-1 . paper-base, flame-resistant, similar to Grade XPFR-2 . paper-base, flame-resistant, similar to Grade XXXPFR-3 MIL-P-22324, Type PEE flame-resistant, epoxy resin; electrical and me
42、chanicalES-1 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binderES-2 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binderES-3 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binderType IICellulose Fabric-Base Phenolic ResinC MIL-P-15035, Type FBM mechanicalCE MIL-P-15035, Type FBG mechanical and e
43、lectricalL MIL-P-15035, Type FBI mechanical; fine machiningLE MIL-P-15035, Type FBE mechanical and electrical; fine machiningType IVGlass-BaseG-3 . continuous filament-type glass cloth; phenolic resin, general purposeG-5 . continuous filament-type glass cloth, melamine binder; general purpose;good a
44、rc and flame resistanceG-7 MIL-P-997, Type GSG continuous filament-type glass cloth, silicone resin binder; good mechanicalstrength, heat and arc resistance; low dielectric losses and high insulationresistance under humid conditionsG-9 MIL-P-15037, Type GME continuous filament-glass cloth, melamine
45、binder. Superior to Grade G-5 un-der wet conditions, good arc and flame resistanceG-10 MIL-P-18177, Type GEE continuous filament-type glass cloth, epoxy resin binder; high mechanicalstrength good insulation resistance, dielectric loss, and dielectric strengthunder dry and humid conditionsG-11 MIL-P-
46、18177, Type GEB continuous filament-type glass cloth, heat-resistant epoxy binder; propertiessimilar to Grade G-10 but higher flexural strength retained at elevated tem-peraturesFR-4 MIL-P-18177, Type GEE continuous filament-glass cloth with a flame-resistant epoxy resin binder;properties similar to
47、 G-10FR-5 MIL-P-18177, Type GEB continuous filament-glass cloth with a heat- and flame-resistant epoxy resinbinder; properties similar to G11GPO-1, GPO-2, and GPO-3 Glass mat with polyester resin binder, for general purpose, flame resistanceand tracking resistanceGPO-1P, GPO-2P, and GPO-3P Glass mat
48、 with polyester resin binder, for general purpose, flame resistanceand tracking resistanceType VNylon-BaseN-1 MIL-P-15047, Type NPG nylon cloth-base, phenolic resin binder; excellent electrical properties underhigh humidity; good impactType VIComposite-Base LaminatesCEM-1 . cellulose paper core, gla
49、ss surfaces, flame-resistant resin (see X1.28)CEM-3 . non-woven glass core, glass surfaces, flame-resistant resin (see X1.29)A The MIL-P and LP-513 designations apply only to sheet materials. LP-509 applies to sheet and tube material. Revisions of this specification are designated by suffixletters added to the MIL-P or LP Specification number, A for the first revision, B for the second, etc. and so forth. Reference shall accordingly be made to the latest editionof the specification.D709 163NOTE 8The punching properties of the cotton fabric-base grade
