1、Designation:D71097 (Reapproved 2009) 1 D71013 An American National Standard Standard Specication for Vulcanized Fibre Sheets, Rods, and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation D710; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、f original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department
3、of Defense. e 1 NOTEThe units statement in 1.2 was revised editorially in May 2009. 1. Scope Scope* 1.1 This specication covers vulcanized bre (Note 1) sheets, round rods, and round tubes of such grades suitable for use as electrical insulation. NOTE 1The variant spelling bre has been approved by Co
4、mmittee D09 for use in this standard. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:
5、 2 D495Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013) 3 D619Test Methods for Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013) 3 D696Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between 30C and 30C w
6、ith a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer D952Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of Sheet Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials D3636Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials 2.2 Other Documents: 4 IEEE Publication No. 1,General Principles for Temperatu
7、re Limits in the Rating of Electrical Equipment. 3. Terminology 3.1 Denitions: 3.1.1 vulcanized bre, na material made from chemically gelatinized cellulosic paper or board using zinc chloride as the gelatinizing agent. 3.1.1.1 Discussion The zinc chloride is subsequently removed by leaching. The res
8、ulting product, after being dried and nished by calendering, is a material of partially regenerated cellulose in which the brous structure is retained in varying degrees depending on the grade of paper used and on the processing conditions. Material up to about 25 mm in thickness is produced by bond
9、ing multiple layers of paper (or board) after chemical treatment.Vulcanized bre does not contain vulcanized rubber or sulfur as the name might imply. Thin vulcanized bre has sometimes been termed sh paper. 1 This specication is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic
10、 Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials. CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2009Nov.1,2013.PublishedSeptember2009November2013.Originallyapprovedin1943.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin20022009 as D71097(2002).(2009) e1 . DOI: 10.15
11、20/D0710-97R09E01.10.1520/D0710-13. 2 ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatserviceastm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 The last approved version of this histo
12、rical standard is referenced on www.astm.org. 4 Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http:/www.ieee.org. This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard
13、an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM i
14、s to be considered the official document. *ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 14. Grades 4.1 Three grades of vulcanized bre are covered, as follows: 4.1.1 Bo
15、ne GradeThisgradeischaracterizedbythegreaterhardnessandstiffnessassociatedwithhigherdensity.Itmachines more smoothly and with less tendency to separate the plies in difficult machining operations than the other grades. It is made in thickness of 1 32 to 1 4 in. (0.79 to 6.35 mm). 4.1.2 Commercial Gr
16、adeThis grade is considered as the general-purpose grade and is sometimes referred to as mechanical and electrical grade. It possesses good physical and electrical properties and can be fabricated satisfactorily by punching, turning, and forming operations. It is made in thicknesses from 0.010 to 1
17、4 in. (0.25 to 6.35 mm). 4.1.3 Electrical Insulation GradeThis grade is intended primarily for electrical applications and others involving difficult bending or forming operations. It is made in thicknesses from 0.004 to 1 8 in. (0.10 to 3.2 mm). Thin material of this grade is sometimes referred to
18、as sh paper. 4.2 The three grades of bre are available in laminated sheet form in greater thicknesses than those listed in 4.1.1 to 4.1.3. Laminated (or built-up) bre is composed of a number of plies bonded together with a suitable adhesive. It retains all the basic properties of solid bre, includin
19、g high arc resistance on edges and faces, and in addition has better dimensional stability and less warpage. Laminated bre is usually furnished when the thickness is over 1 4 in. (6.35 mm), and may is potentially be furnished in thicknesses down to 1 8 in. (3.2 mm). Thicknesses up to 4 in. (102 mm)
20、are commercially available. 4.3 Thinsheetmaterial,upto 1 16in.thickisavailableinalowerdensityuncalenderedconditionwhichmaywillnotalwaysmeet the requirements of this specication. 5. Forms and Colors 5.1 Vulcanized bre is available in the forms and colors listed in Table 1. 6. Chemical Composition 6.1
21、 The material shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table 2. 7. Detail Requirements 7.1 SheetsSheet material, calendered only, unless otherwise specied, shall conform to the requirements as to physical and electrical properties prescribed in Tables 3-9. 7.1.1 Bond
22、Strength (Laminated Sheets Only)Tested in accordance with Test Method D952 shall conform to the following requirements: Thicknesses Psi, (MPa) min All 800 (5.5) 7.2 Round RodsRound rods shall conform to the requirements as to physical properties prescribed in Tables 10 and 11, and Table 12. 7.3 Roun
23、d TubesRound tubes shall conform to the requirements as to physical and electrical properties prescribed in Tables 13 and 14. Density of tubing shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 6 for the respective grade and thickness. 8. Sheet Sizes and Permissible Variations 8.1 Sheets shall b
24、e furnished in the manufacturers standard sheet sizes. NOTE 2The range of manufacturers standard sizes for the various grades and thicknesses are shown in Table 15. 8.2 Whensheetsandrollsaretrimmedtoaspeciedwidth,themaximumpermissiblevariationinwidthis6 1 2in.(612.7mm). 8.3 When sheets are trimmed t
25、o a specied length, the maximum permissible variation in length is6 1 2 in. 8.4 The maximum permissible variations in widths of strips cut from sheets by the indicated operations are as prescribed in Table 16. TABLE 1 Forms and Colors Available Grades Forms A Colors B Bone sheets and rods, tubes gra
26、y gray, black, red Commercial sheets and rods gray, black, red Electrical Insulation sheets gray A Sheets and rods are available in both single-layer and laminated form. Thin sheets are available in both rolls and at sheets in thicknesses up to 1 16 in. (1.6 mm). B In any of these standard colors, i
27、t is possible that there will be considerable variation of shade may be expected. shade. D71013 28.5 The maximum permissible variation in thickness of full sheets is as prescribed in Table 17. 8.6 The maximum permissible variations in thickness of sheets cut in halves, thirds, or quarters are as sho
28、wn in Table 17. TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements Grade Color Zinc Chloride, max, % Ash max, % Silica Content, max, % All gray, black 0.1 1.5 0.3 red 0.1 7 0.3 TABLE 3 Flexural Strength Requirement for Sheets, min, psi (MPa) Nominal Thickness in. (mm) Bone Grade Commercial Grade Length- wise Cross- wise
29、 Length- wise Cross- wise 1 16 (1.59) up to 1 8 (3.18), incl 16 000 (110) 14 000 (97) 15 000 A (103) 13 000 A (90) Over 1 8 (3.18) to 1 2 (12.7), incl 15 000 (103) 13 000 (90) 14 000 (97) 12 000 (83) Over 1 2 (12.7) to 1 (25.4), incl . . 13 000 (90) 11 000 (76) A These two values also apply to Elect
30、rical Insulation Grade. TABLE 4 Water Absorption and Dielectric Strength Requirements for Sheets Grade Nominal Thickness, in. (mm) Water Absorption, A max, % Dielectric Strength, B min, V/mil (kV/mm) 2 h 24 h Bone 1 32 (0.79) 55 63 175 (6.9) 1 16 (1.59) 30 55 175 (6.9) 1 8 (3.18) 20 48 150 (5.9) 3 1
31、6 (4.76) 17 42 100 (3.9) 1 4 (6.35) 14 37 100 (3.9) Commercial 1 32 (0.79) 60 68 175 (6.9) 1 16 (1.59) 52 66 175 (6.9) 1 8 (3.18) 35 61 150 (5.9) 3 16 (4.76) 24 56 100 (3.9) 1 4 (6.35) 20 52 100 (3.9) Electrical 0.004 to 0.007 . . 200 (7.9) insulation (0.10 to 0.18), incl over 0.007 to 0.040 . . 250
32、 (9.8) (0.18 to 1.02), incl over 0.040 to 1 8 . . 175 (6.9) (1.02 to 3.18), incl 1 32 (0.80) 60 68 . 1 16 (1.59) 52 66 . 1 8 (3.17) 35 61 . 1 4 (6.35) 20 52 100 (3.9) 5 16 (7.94) 17 47 100 (3.9) 3 8 (9.52) 15 43 100 (3.9) 7 16 (11.11) 14 39 50 (2.0) 1 2 (12.7) 13 36 50 (2.0) 5 8 (15.88) 11 31 A 3 4
33、(19.05) 10 27 A 7 8 (22.22) 8 23 A 1 (25.4) 8 21 A 1 1 4 (31.8) 8 18 A 1 1 2 (38.1) 8 17 A 2 (50.8) and over 8 17 A A Forintermediatethicknesses,thevalueforthenextsmallerthicknessshallapply. B For intermediate thicknesses, the value for the next larger thickness shall apply. D71013 39. Rod Sizes and
34、 Permissible Variations 9.1 Furnish rods in the same nominal sizes as sheets. Cut rods from sheet, the length being limited by the length of the sheet. 9.2 The maximum permissible variations in diameters of rods are as shown in Table 18. 9.3 The maximum permissible variations in lengths of circular
35、sawed pieces of rods are as shown in Table 19. 10. Tube Sizes and Permissible Variations 10.1 The sizes of tubing are as shown in Table 20 and Table 21. 10.2 The maximum permissible variations in inside and outside diameters of tubes are as shown in Table 22. TABLE 5 Bursting Strength Requirements f
36、or Sheets, min, psi (MPa) Nominal Thickness, in. (mm) Bone Grade Commercial Grade Electrical Insula- tion Grade 0.005 (0.13) . . 65 (0.4) 0.007 (0.18) . . 95 (8.7) 0.010 (0.25) . 125 (0.9) 125 (0.9) 0.012 (0.30) . 150 (1.0) 150 (1.0) 0.015 (0.38) . 185 (1.3) 185 (1.3) 0.020 (0.51) . 250 (1.7) 250 (1
37、.7) 0.030 (0.76) 325 (2.2) 375 (2.6) 375 (2.6) 0.045 (1.14) 470 (3.2) 560 (3.9) 560 (3.9) 0.060 (1.52) 550 (3.8) 750 (5.2) 750 (5.2) TABLE 6 Density Requirements for Sheets, min, g/cm 3A Nominal Thickness or Diameter, in. (mm) Commercial Grade Electric Insulation Grade Uncalen- dered Calen- dered Un
38、calen- dered Calen- dered Under 0.010 (0.25) . . 0.90 1.00 0.010 to 0.015 incl, (0.25 + 0.38), 1.05 1.10 1.00 1.10 Over 0.015 to 3 32 incl, (0.38 to 2.38), 1.10 1.15 1.10 1.15 Over 3 32 to 1 8 incl, (2.38 to 3.18), 1.15 1.20 1.15 1.20 Over 1 8 to 5 8 incl, (3.18 to 15.88), . 1.20 . . Over 5 8 to 1 i
39、ncl, (15.88 to 25.4), . 1.10 . . Over 1 to 1 1 4 incl, (25.4 to 31.8), . 1.05 . . Over 1 1 4 (31.8) . 1.01 . . A The minimum density of all forms and thicknesses of bone grade shall be 1.30 g/cm 3 . TABLE 7 Tearing Strength Requirements for Sheets, Electric Insulation Grade Nominal Thickness, in. (m
40、m) Machine Direction, min, g Cross Direction, min, g 0.005 (0.13) 75 100 0.007 (0.18) 150 175 0.010 (0.25) 225 275 0.012 (0.30) 275 335 0.015 (0.38) 350 425 TABLE 8 Impact Strength Requirements for Sheets Grade Nominal Thickness, in. (mm) Impact Strength, Izod, Edgewise Notched, min, ft-lb/in. J/m o
41、f notch Lengthwise Crosswise Bone 1 16 to 1 4 (1.59 to 6.35) 1.4 (75) 1.0 (53) Commercial 1 16 to 1 4 (1.59 to 6.35) 1.6 (85) 1.2 (64) Electrical insulation 1 16 to 1 8 (1.59 to 3.2) 1.6 (85) 1.2 (64) D71013 410.3 The maximum permissible variations in length of circular sawed pieces of tubes are as
42、shown in Table 23. 11. Workmanship 11.1 The material shall be uniform in quality and consistent with the properties prescribed in this specication. It shall be free of blisters, and reasonably free of wrinkles, cracks, scratches, and dents. 12. Sampling 12.1 Todetermineconformancewiththerequirements
43、ofthisspecication,samplelotsinaccordancewithInspectionLevelS-2 of Practice D3636. 13. Test Methods 13.1 Condition vulcanized bre and test in accordance with Test Methods D619. 14. Inspection 14.1 The purchaser and supplier shall agree upon the inspection as part of the purchase contract. TABLE 9 Har
44、dness Requirements for Sheets 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) or More in Thickness Grade Rockwell Hardness, min Bone R 80 Commercial R 50 TABLE 10 Tensile Strength Requirements for Round Rods, min, psi (MPa) Nominal Diameter, in. (mm) Bone Grade Commercial Grade 1 8 to 1 2 (3.18 to 12.7), incl 8500 (59) 8000 (55)
45、 Over 1 2 (12.7) . 7000 (48) TABLE 11 Water Absorption Requirements for Round Rods Grade Nominal Diameter, in. (mm) Water Absorption, max, % 2 h 24 h Bone 1 16 to 3 16 (1.59 to 4.76), incl over 3 16 to 1 4 (4.76 to 6.35), incl 35 15 75 50 Commercial 1 16 to 3 16 (1.59 to 4.76), incl 40 80 over 3 16
46、to 1 2 (4.76 to 12.7), incl 20 60 over 1 2 to 1 (12.7 to 25.4), incl 10 30 over 1 8 25 TABLE 12 Density Requirements for Round Rods Grade Nominal Diameter, in. (mm) Density g/cm 3 , min Bone 1 16 to 3 32 (1.59 to 2.38), incl 1.15 over 3 32 (2.38) 1.30 Commercial over 3 32 to 5 8 (2.38 to 15.88), inc
47、l 1.20 over 5 8 to 1 (15.88 to 25.4), incl 1.10 over 1 to 1 1 4 (25.4 to 31.8), incl 1.05 over 1 1 4 (31.8) 1.01 TABLE 13 Compressive Strength Requirement for Round Tubes Grade Nominal Wall Thickness, in. A (mm) Axial Compressive Strength, min, psi (MPa) Bone and commercial up to 1 8 (3.18), incl 11
48、 000 (76) over 1 8 to 5 16 (3.18 to 7.94), incl 12 000 (33) A Wall thickness 1 32 in. min; outside diameter 2.0 in. max. D71013 515. Rejection and Rehearing 15.1 Material that fails to meet the requirements of this specication is subject to rejection.When the number of defectives for any test are in
49、 excess of the acceptance number for that test as determined by the AQL value agreed upon between the supplier and the user, this shall constitute a basis for rejection. 15.2 Report rejection to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In the case of dissatisfaction with the actions taken as a result of these tests, the producer or supplier may is entitled to make a claim for a rehearing. 16. Certication 16.1 When specied in the purchase or
