1、Designation: D861 07 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Practice forUse of the Tex System to Designate Linear Density ofFibers, Yarn Intermediates, and Yarns1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D861; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope
3、1.1 This practice covers the use of the tex system todesignate the linear density (number, or count) of fibers and ofyarns made from any type of fiber or combination of fibers. Itis also applicable to other textile materials, including yarnintermediates (slivers, rovings, tops, and so forth), single
4、 orplied yarns, cords, and threads.NOTE 1The mass per unit length concept of linear density isapplicable to any material which has a high ratio of length to cross section.1.2 Conversion factors for various indirect and direct yarnnumbers to exact tex equivalents can be found in StandardTables D2260.
5、1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use
6、1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers t
7、o Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD2260 Tables of Conversion Factors and Equivalent YarnNumbers Measured in Various Numbering SystemsD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 2947 TextilesIntegrated Conver
8、sion Table for Replac-ing Traditional Yarn Numbers by Rounded Values in theTex System33. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns andFibers, refer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:linear density, tex.3.2 For all other terminology relati
9、ng to textiles, see Termi-nology D123.4. Significance and Use4.1 The tex system has been approved for general use by theInternational Organization for Standardization, TechnicalCommittee 38 on Textiles (ISO/TC 38), which has alsorecommended a list of rounded tex numbers for use with fibersand all ty
10、pes of yarns. Conversion tables showing the roundedtex numbers corresponding to various numbers in differenttraditional systems are given in Tables D2260 and ISO 2947.4.2 The tex system for designation of the linear density offibers and yarns is a direct system based on mass per unitlength, M/L, and
11、 employs metric units of length and mass. Thetex unit, grams per kilometre (1000 m) has been approved byISO/TC 38 for use with all fibers and all types of yarn. Thecommittee has also approved the use of kilotex and decatexnumbers for coarse structures and decitex and millitex numbersfor fibers.4.3 T
12、he tex system relates to the property commonly asso-ciated with coarseness, or inverse fineness of a yarn becausethe tex numbers increase with an increase in the size or massper unit length of the yarn. The tex system is intended for useby all branches of the textile industry, in all countries, for
13、yarnsmade from all types of fibers or mixtures of fibers.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1945 T. Last
14、 previous edition approved in 2013 as D861 07 (2013). DOI:10.1520/D0861-07R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
15、the ASTM website.3Available from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with
16、 internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Recommended Applications5.1 It is recom
17、mended that tex units, including their mul-tiples and submultiples, be used to designate the linear densityof all natural and man-made fibers, filaments, yarns, cords,rovings, tops, and so forth.5.2 It is recommended that linear density be reported tothree significant figures, using either millitex,
18、 decitex, or texunits.5.3 It is recommended that linear density be expressed indicitex or tex units and reported to three significant figures, andthat kilotex units be used for all numbers above 999.9 tex.5.4 It is recommended that the breaking tenacity or tenacityat any specified elongation for ind
19、ividual fibers, filaments, oryarns be expressed in newtons (decinewtons, centinewtons, ormillinewtons) per tex.NOTE 2In calculating breaking tenacity, the values for the averagebreaking force and the average linear density used in the calculationsshould retain two more significant figures than the s
20、ingle observed values.6. Keywords6.1 linear density; tex; tex system; textile fibers; textilestrand; yarn; yarn intermediates; yarn numberASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this st
21、andard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years a
22、ndif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,
23、 which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
24、59,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 07 (2018)2
