1、Designation: D889 13 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forVolatile Oil in Rosin1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volatileoil content of rosin or similar material. The oil may consist ofnaturally occurring terpen
3、e oil, such as heavy fractions ofturpentine, resulting from incomplete distillation in the pro-cessing of the rosin, or of foreign nonterpene oil resulting fromincomplete removal of mineral or coal-tar solvent used toextract the rosin from wood or still wastes. In certain cases thevolatile oil could
4、 consist of decarboxylated rosin formedduring the processing of the rosin.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its u
5、se. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principl
6、es on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D233 Test Methods of Sampling and T
7、esting TurpentineE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Significance and Use3.1 Rosin and similar materials such as rosin derivativesoften contain volatile material derived from the raw materialused or formed as a result of the processing of the rosin. Thisvolatile material can hav
8、e a significant effect on the physicaland chemical properties of the rosin and so a standard methodfor its determination is required.4. Apparatus4.1 Flask, 500-mL round-bottom having a thermometer welland a 24/40 standard-taper ground joint for connection with thetrap (see Fig. 1).4.2 Trap (Fig. 2),
9、 designed so as to overcome the tendencyfor droplets of oil to remain below the surface of the water, dueto the greater viscosity of the volatile oils recovered from rosin,and thus be returned to the flask (Note 1). The trap shall befitted with 24/40 standard-taper ground joints to provide tightconn
10、ections with the flask and condenser, in order to avoidvapor loss.NOTE 1This trap is a modification of the original Clevenger trap usedto recover oils lighter than water. In that trap the oil and water condensatedrop directly into the graduated part of the trap. Due to the viscouscharacter, density,
11、 and surface tension of the oils recovered from rosin,cylindrical columns of oil were formed below the surface of the water inthe graduated section of the trap, which were not penetrated by the watercondensed immediately thereafter. This resulted in alternate columns of oiland water in the graduated
12、 section. These were returned to the distillingflask in the same order as they occurred, through the side arm of the trap.As this condition continued indefinitely, it was impossible to completelyremove all the oil from the rosin. By raising the opening of the side armof the trap to the position show
13、n, to bring the surface of the liquid into thewide part of the trap above the narrow graduated section, the oil iscollected in a thinner film that can be penetrated readily by the droplets ofwater falling from the end of the condenser, and only the water is thuscollected in the narrow graduated sect
14、ion. At the end of the test, the oil isslowly brought down into the graduated section and its volume read. Thesystem or apparatus loss amounts to not more than 0.1 mL of oil.4.3 Condenser, straight-tube, 300-mm, water-jacketed refluxtype, with a 24/40 standard-taper ground joint for connectionwith t
15、he trap.4.4 Heat SourceAn oil bath containing high-temperature-resistant oil, or an electric heater of the mantle type in whichthe heating elements are encased in a glass cloth mantle of suchshape as to partially or completely surround the flask beingheated.4.5 Thermometer, having a range from 30 to
16、 200C, ASTM16C or equivalent (see Specification E1). Alternatively anymercury free temperature measuring device with precisionequivalent to those listed in Specification E1 may be used.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Appl
17、ications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D889 13. DOI:10.1520/D0889-13R17.2For referenced ASTM standar
18、ds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
19、9428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tec
20、hnical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.6 Glass Beads.5. Procedure5.1 Place 50 g of the crushed sample in the flask, add 125mL of a glycerin-water solution (4 + 1), add a few glass beads,insert an ebullition tube, and connect the flask with the trap.Fill the trap (Fig. 2) with water through the
21、top opening untilthe water level is even with the bottom of the seal of the smallreturn tube to the side arm. Insert the thermometer, and connectthe condenser.5.2 Regulate the applied heat until the liquid in the flask isbrought to a boil and distillation continues at a constanttemperature, which wi
22、ll be about 125C at the start. At thisstage, open the stopcock slightly and withdraw the water fromFIG. 1 FlaskFIG. 2 TrapD889 13 (2017)2the trap into a small graduated cylinder at the rate of 1 drop to5 drops off the lower end of the condenser. Control the refluxrate so that no uncondensed vapors e
23、scape from the top of thecondenser. The withdrawal of water from the system should beat the rate of about 1 mL/min. Increase the heat from time totime to maintain uniform continuous operation with slowlyrising temperature. Discontinue the distillation when the tem-perature reaches 180C.5.3 Remove th
24、e source of heat and allow the distillation tosubside (Note 2). Draw off water until all the oil is brought intothe graduated section of the trap and note the volume. Thedensity of the oil is usually very close to 1.00.NOTE 2The contents of the flask should be poured out while stillwarm, before the
25、rosin has become viscous or solid, to facilitate cleaningand avoid strain on the glass when the rosin becomes cold.6. Report6.1 Properly made rosin yields not more than 0.5 mL ofresidual volatile oil per 50 g of sample. If the recovered oil iswithin such limit, report the rosin as free of excess vol
26、atile oil.If more than 0.5 mL of oil is recovered, report the total volumeobtained.NOTE 3The volatile oil recovered from gum rosin consists primarilyof high-boiling terpene components of the crude gum, most of whichunder proper distillation will have been recovered as turpentine by thetime the rosin
27、 is drawn from the still. Faulty distillation or prematurewithdrawal may yield a rosin giving a higher than normal recovery of oil,with a refractive index below 1.483. The polymerization residue shouldhave a refractive index not lower than 1.500. In the case of wood rosins,generally obtained by extr
28、action from stumpwood with a petroleum ornaphtha solvent, any recovered oil would probably consist of unrecoveredsolvent. The refractive index of both the recovered oil and the polymer-ization residue therefrom would be well under the above figures for gumrosin.7. Additional Examination of Oil7.1 Dr
29、ain off the water, transfer the oil to a small glasscontainer, stopper, and allow to settle until clear. Note the odorand determine the refractive index. For further information onthe nature of the oil, volume permitting, make a polymerizationtest according to the procedure given in Test Methods D23
30、3.8. Precision and Bias8.1 This test method is not often used for the determinationof volatile oil in rosin and so it is not practical to measure itsprecision and bias.9. Keywords9.1 rosin; volatile oilASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conn
31、ection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the respons
32、ible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful c
33、onsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 10
34、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 13 (2017)3
