1、Designation: D 937 07Designation: 179/79(95)An American National StandardBritish Standard 4698Standard Test Method forCone Penetration of Petrolatum1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 937; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.
3、1 This test method covers measuring with a penetrometerthe penetration of petrolatum as an empirical measure ofconsistency.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of
4、 thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 217 Test Methods for C
5、one Penetration of LubricatingGrease3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 penetration of petrolatumthe depth, in tenths of amillimetre, that a standard cone will penetrate the sample underfixed conditions of mass, time, and temperature.3.1.2 penetrometer, nan instrument that measures theconsistency or
6、 hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials bymeasuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle undera given force falls into the material.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, a standard pen-etrometer cone (see Test Methods D 217) is used to determinethe consistency of petrolatum. The pen
7、etration force is deter-mined by the total mass of the cone and shaft.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is completely melted by heating to aminimum temperature of 82C (180F), and then cooled undercontrolled conditions to 25C (77F). The penetration ismeasured with the cone and the sample at thi
8、s temperatureusing a penetrometer by means of which a standard cone isapplied to the sample for 5 s under a load of 150 g.5. Significance and Use5.1 Petrolatum is a purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocar-bons obtained from petroleum and is often described as anunctuous mass. Cone penetration is a m
9、eans of measuring thefirmness or consistency of petrolatum. Such measurements areuseful for selecting or specifying, or both, a petrolatum of aparticular consistency or firmness. Cone penetration valuesmay or may not correlate with end-use functional properties.6. Apparatus6.1 Penetrometer and Cone,
10、 as specified in Test MethodsD 217.6.2 Oven, capable of maintaining a minimum temperatureof 82 6 2C (180 6 5F) such that it is sufficient for meltingthe petrolatum samples. The oven shall be capable of control-ling the selected temperature to within 62C (65F).1This test method is under the jurisdict
11、ion of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the StandardizationCommittee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP Standard in 1
12、965.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 93704.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
13、 volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights
14、 reserved); Thu Jan 17 00:34:18 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.6.3 Water Bath, constant-temperature, regulated to 25 60.5C (77 6 1F).6.4 Sample Containers, cylindrical, having a flat bottom 1006 6mm(4614 in.) in diamet
15、er and 65 mm (212 in.) or morein depth, constructed of at least 1.6-mm (16-gage) metal andprovided with a well fitting watertight cover.NOTE 1Containers of the “ointment box” type having somewhatflexible sides should not be used, for these permit slight working of thepetrolatum, due to flexing of th
16、e sides in handling.7. Preparation of Sample7.1 Test all samples of petrolatum for original consistencyafter melting and cooling to the temperature of the test asdescribed in 7.3.7.2 If the penetration of the sample is over 200, threeseparate test samples are required.7.3 Melt the sample in an oven
17、maintained at a minimumtemperature of 82 6 2C (180 6 5F) or at a highertemperature if needed to completely melt the petrolatum (seeNote 2). Place the required number of sample containers in theoven along with the sample to bring them up to the sametemperature. When the sample has melted and comes to
18、 theselected temperature, remove the sample and the heatedcontainers and fill the required number of containers to within6mm(14 in.) of their rims. Allow the filled containers to coolin a location free from drafts and at a temperature controlled to25 6 2C (77 6 5F) for 16 to 18 h. Then cover and pla
19、ce thesamples in the water bath for2htobring the temperature to 256 0.5C (77 6 1F) before testing.NOTE 2Some petrolatums containing higher melting point waxes mayrequire higher melting and pouring temperatures. If no estimate of themelting point is available, ensure that the sample is completely mol
20、ten(appears visually clear) before proceeding. A hot plate may be usedinstead of an oven, provided that the sample temperature is carefullymonitored.8. Procedure8.1 The surface of the sample must not be cut level norworked in any other way, as this may affect the result. If thetemperature of the pen
21、etrometer cone (that is, the roomtemperature) varies from 25 by 2C (77 by 3F) or more, adjustthe cone temperature to 25 6 0.5C (77 6 1F) immediatelybefore testing the sample. Frequent adjustment of the conetemperature may be necessary if the room temperature variesappreciably from 25C (77F).8.2 Plac
22、e the can of petrolatum on the penetrometer table, solocated that the tip of the penetrometer cone is 25 to 40 mm (1to 112 in.) in from the rim of the container (except forpetrolatums having a penetration greater than 200 (see 8.4).Observe that the cone is in its “zero” position and adjust eitherthe
23、 indicator assembly or the table, dependent on the type ofinstrument, until the tip of the cone just touches the surface ofthe sample. Watching the shadow of the tip is an aid to accuratesetting. Finally, quickly release the plunger and hold for 5 60.1 s. Read the total penetration from the scale. M
24、ake at leastthree determinations.8.3 With samples having penetrations less than 200, threetests (and sometimes more) may be made in one container byproper spacing. To prevent one test from being affected by thedisturbed area of a previous test the tip of the cone must not beplaced nearer the edge of
25、 a previous test than the penetrationdistance of the sample. Some harder petrolatums tend to forma marked depression in the center on solidifying; such samplesshould not be tested in this depression, as the results obtainedmay be different from those obtained in off-center positions onthe level surf
26、ace.8.4 With samples having penetrations over 200, make onlyone test in a container and place the cone tip as exactly aspossible at the center of the container.9. Report9.1 Report the average of all results to the nearest 0.1 mm asthe penetration, ASTM Test Method D 937.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Pr
27、ecisionThe precision of the test method as deter-mined by statistical examination of interlaboratory results is asfollows:10.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test re-sults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material,
28、would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following values only in one casein twenty:2 + 5 % penetration value10.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratori
29、es on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:9 + 12 % penetration value10.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of cone penetration can be defined only
30、interms of a test method.11. Keywords11.1 core penetration; penetrometer; petrolatumD937072Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Thu Jan 17 00:34:18 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee
31、 D02.10 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 93704) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Revised 4.1.(2) Revised 6.2.(3) Revised 7.3.(4) Revised Note 2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserte
32、d in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by th
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34、careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internat
35、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D937073Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Thu Jan 17 00:34:18 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
