1、Designation: D937 07 (Reapproved 2012) British Standard 4698Designation: 179/79(95)Standard Test Method forCone Penetration of Petrolatum1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D937; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test me
3、thod covers measuring with a penetrometerthe penetration of petrolatum as an empirical measure ofconsistency.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
4、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration
5、 of LubricatingGrease3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 penetration of petrolatumthe depth, in tenths of amillimetre, that a standard cone will penetrate the sample underfixed conditions of mass, time, and temperature.3.1.2 penetrometer, nan instrument that measures theconsistency or hardness of se
6、miliquid to semisolid materials bymeasuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle undera given force falls into the material.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, a standard pen-etrometer cone (see Test Methods D217) is used to determinethe consistency of petrolatum. The penetration force i
7、s deter-mined by the total mass of the cone and shaft.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is completely melted by heating to aminimum temperature of 82C (180F), and then cooled undercontrolled conditions to 25C (77F). The penetration ismeasured with the cone and the sample at this temperatureusi
8、ng a penetrometer by means of which a standard cone isapplied to the sample for 5 s under a load of 150 g.5. Significance and Use5.1 Petrolatum is a purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocar-bons obtained from petroleum and is often described as anunctuous mass. Cone penetration is a means of measurin
9、g thefirmness or consistency of petrolatum. Such measurements areuseful for selecting or specifying, or both, a petrolatum of aparticular consistency or firmness. Cone penetration valuesmay or may not correlate with end-use functional properties.6. Apparatus6.1 Penetrometer and Cone, as specified in
10、 Test MethodsD217.6.2 Oven, capable of maintaining a minimum temperatureof 82 6 2C (180 6 5F) such that it is sufficient for meltingthe petrolatum samples. The oven shall be capable of control-ling the selected temperature to within 62C (65F).6.3 Water Bath, constant-temperature, regulated to 25 60.
11、5C (77 6 1F).6.4 Sample Containers, cylindrical, having a flat bottom 1006 6mm(4614 in.) in diameter and 65 mm (212 in.) or morein depth, constructed of at least 1.6-mm (16-gage) metal andprovided with a well fitting watertight cover.NOTE 1Containers of the “ointment box” type having somewhatflexibl
12、e sides should not be used, for these permit slight working of thepetrolatum, due to flexing of the sides in handling.7. Preparation of Sample7.1 Test all samples of petrolatum for original consistencyafter melting and cooling to the temperature of the test asdescribed in 7.3.1This test method is un
13、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the StandardizationCommittee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM
14、-IP Standard in 1965.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D93707. DOI:10.1520/D0937-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servicea
15、stm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17.2 If the penetration of the sample is over 200, threesepar
16、ate test samples are required.7.3 Melt the sample in an oven maintained at a minimumtemperature of 82 6 2C (180 6 5F) or at a highertemperature if needed to completely melt the petrolatum (seeNote 2). Place the required number of sample containers in theoven along with the sample to bring them up to
17、 the sametemperature. When the sample has melted and comes to theselected temperature, remove the sample and the heatedcontainers and fill the required number of containers to within6mm(14 in.) of their rims. Allow the filled containers to coolin a location free from drafts and at a temperature cont
18、rolled to25 6 2C (77 6 5F) for 16 to 18 h. Then cover and place thesamples in the water bath for2htobring the temperature to 256 0.5C (77 6 1F) before testing.NOTE 2Some petrolatums containing higher melting point waxes mayrequire higher melting and pouring temperatures. If no estimate of themelting
19、 point is available, ensure that the sample is completely molten(appears visually clear) before proceeding. A hot plate may be usedinstead of an oven, provided that the sample temperature is carefullymonitored.8. Procedure8.1 The surface of the sample must not be cut level norworked in any other way
20、, as this may affect the result. If thetemperature of the penetrometer cone (that is, the roomtemperature) varies from 25 by 2C (77 by 3F) or more, adjustthe cone temperature to 25 6 0.5C (77 6 1F) immediatelybefore testing the sample. Frequent adjustment of the conetemperature may be necessary if t
21、he room temperature variesappreciably from 25C (77F).8.2 Place the can of petrolatum on the penetrometer table, solocated that the tip of the penetrometer cone is 25 to 40 mm (1to 112 in.) in from the rim of the container (except forpetrolatums having a penetration greater than 200 (see 8.4).Observe
22、 that the cone is in its “zero” position and adjust eitherthe indicator assembly or the table, dependent on the type ofinstrument, until the tip of the cone just touches the surface ofthe sample. Watching the shadow of the tip is an aid to accuratesetting. Finally, quickly release the plunger and ho
23、ld for 5 60.1 s. Read the total penetration from the scale. Make at leastthree determinations.8.3 With samples having penetrations less than 200, threetests (and sometimes more) may be made in one container byproper spacing. To prevent one test from being affected by thedisturbed area of a previous
24、test the tip of the cone must not beplaced nearer the edge of a previous test than the penetrationdistance of the sample. Some harder petrolatums tend to forma marked depression in the center on solidifying; such samplesshould not be tested in this depression, as the results obtainedmay be different
25、 from those obtained in off-center positions onthe level surface.8.4 With samples having penetrations over 200, make onlyone test in a container and place the cone tip as exactly aspossible at the center of the container.9. Report9.1 Report the average of all results to the nearest 0.1 mm asthe pene
26、tration, ASTM Test Method D937.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision of the test method as deter-mined by statistical examination of interlaboratory results is asfollows:10.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two testresults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder
27、 constant operating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following values only in one casein twenty:2 + 5 % penetration value10.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtain
28、ed by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:9 + 12 % penetration value10.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no bias
29、because the value of cone penetration can be defined only interms of a test method.11. Keywords11.1 core penetration; penetrometer; petrolatumASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of thi
30、s standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five yea
31、rs andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical commit
32、tee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
33、8-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D937 07 (2012)2
