1、Designation:D97514D97514a Standard Specication for Diesel Fuel Oils 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicat
2、es the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specication covers seven grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for vari
3、ous types of diesel engines. These grades are described as follows: 1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15Aspecial-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel. 2 1.1.2 Gr
4、ade No. 1-D S500Aspecial-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel. 2 1.1.3 GradeNo.1-DS5000Aspecial-purpose,lightmiddledistillatefuelforuseindieseleng
5、ineapplicationsrequiringafuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels. 1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15Ageneral purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially su
6、itable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load. 2 1.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500Ageneral-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of vary
7、ing speed and load. 2 1.1.6 GradeNo.2-DS5000Ageneral-purpose,middledistillatefuelforuseindieselengineapplicationsrequiringafuelwith 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditions of varying speed and load. 1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DAheavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate and residual oil, for
8、 use in low- and medium-speed diesel engines in applications involving predominantly constant speed and load. NOTE 1A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is given in X1.2. NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades by sulfur rather than using words such
9、 as Low Sulfur as previously because thenumberofsulfurgradesisgrowingandtheworddescriptionswerethoughttobenotprecise.S5000gradescorrespondtotheso-calledregularsulfur grades,thepreviousNo.1-DandNo.2-D.S500gradescorrespondtothepreviousLowSulfurgrades.S15gradeswerenotinthepreviousgradesystem and are co
10、mmonly referred to as Ultra-Low Sulfur grades or ULSD. 1.2 This specication, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. 1.2.1 Nothinginthisspecicationshallprecludeobservanceoffed
11、eral,state,orlocalregulationswhichcanbemorerestrictive. NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standar
12、d. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 3 D56Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed
13、 Cup Tester D129Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method) 1 ThisspecicationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD02onPetroleumProducts,LiquidFuels,andLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas
14、 Turbine, and Marine Fuels. Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014July 1, 2014. Published February 2014July 2014. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as D97513a.D97514. DOI: 10.1520/D0975-14.10.1520/D0975-14A. 2 This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air
15、Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel SulfurControlRequirements:FinalRule.RegulationofFuelsandFuelAdditives:FuelQualityRegulationsforHighwayDieselFuelSoldin1993andLaterCalendarYears. 3 ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.ast
16、m.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatserviceastm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have b
17、een made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official docum
18、ent. *ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States 1D130Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test D445Test Method for Kinemat
19、ic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) D482Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products D524Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products D613Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil D1266Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Prod
20、ucts (Lamp Method) D1319Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption D1552Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method) D1796Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
21、D2274Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method) D2500Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products D2622Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry D2624Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Avia
22、tion and Distillate Fuels D2709Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge D2880Specication for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils D2887Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography D3117Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate F
23、uels (Withdrawn 2010) 4 D3120Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry D3828Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4177Practice for Autom
24、atic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4294Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry D4306Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination D4308Test Method for Electrical Conductiv
25、ity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter D4539Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels by Low-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT) D4737Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation D4865Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems D5304T
26、est Method for Assessing Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure D5453Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence D5771Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum
27、Products (Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method) D5772Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Linear Cooling Rate Method) D5773Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Constant Cooling Rate Method) D5842Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement D5
28、854Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D6078Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (SLBOCLE) D6079Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reci
29、procating Rig (HFRR) D6217Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration D6371Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels D6468Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels D6469Guide for Microbial Cont
30、amination in Fuels and Fuel Systems D6751Specication for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels D6890TestMethodforDeterminationofIgnitionDelayandDerivedCetaneNumber(DCN)ofDieselFuelOilsbyCombustion in a Constant Volume Chamber D6898Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubric
31、ity by an Injection Pump Rig D7039Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry D7042Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stab
32、inger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity) D7094Test Method for Flash Point by Modied Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester D7170Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injection Period, Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Metho
33、d D7345Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method) D7371Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (FattyAcid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method) 4 The last approved version of this
34、 historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org. D97514a 2D7467Specication for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) D7619Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter D7688Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fu
35、els by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) by Visual Observation D7220TestMethodforSulfurinAutomotive,Heating,andJetFuelsbyMonochromaticEnergyDispersiveX-rayFluorescence Spectrometry E29Practice for Using Signicant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specications 2.2 Other Docu
36、ments: 26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes 5 40 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives 5 API RP 2003Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents 6 EN 14078Liquid petroleum products - Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)
37、in middle distillates - Infrared spectroscopy method 7 3. Terminology 3.1 Denitions: 3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100. 3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel with diesel fuel oil
38、s. 3.1.2.1 Discussion In the abbreviation, BXX, the XX represents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend. 3.1.3 hydrocarbon oil, nahomogeneousmixturewithelementalcompositionprimarilyofcarbonandhydrogenthatmayalso contain sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen from residual impurities and contamin
39、ants associated with the fuels raw materials and manufacturing processes and excluding added oxygenated materials. 3.1.3.1 Discussion Neither macro nor micro emulsions are included in this denition since neither are homogeneous mixtures. 3.1.3.2 Discussion Examples of excluded oxygenated materials a
40、re alcohols, esters, ethers, and triglycerides. 3.1.3.3 Discussion The hydrocarbon oil may be manufactured from a variety of raw materials, for example petroleum (crude oil), oil sands, natural gas, coal, and biomass. 3.1.4 switch loading, nof liquid fuels, the practice of loading low vapor pressure
41、 product (for example, diesel fuel) into an empty or near-empty xed or portable container that previously held a high or intermediate vapor pressure product (such as gasoline or solvent) without prior compartment cleaning treatment and inert gas purging; and the reverse procedure where a high vapor
42、pressure product is added to a container that previously held a low vapor pressure product. 3.1.4.1 Discussion Sincemiddledistillatefuelshaveashpointsabove38C,duringnormaldistributionofthesefuels,theatmosphereabovethefuels in a container such as a tanker truck, rail car, or barge, is normally below
43、the lower explosive limit, so there is low risk of re or explosion should an electrostatic discharge (spark) occur. However, when the previous load in the compartment was a volatile, ammable fuel such as gasoline, and if some residual fuel vapor or mist remains in the compartment, and the container
44、has a mixtureofairandfuelvaporormist(thatis,notpurgedwithaninertgas),thenthereisariskthattheatmosphereinthecontainer being lled could be in the explosive range creating a hazard should an electrostatic discharge occur. 5 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 73
45、2 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. 6 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org. 7 Available from the National CEN members listed on the CEN website (www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC 19 Secr
46、etariat (astm.nen.nl). D97514a 33.2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.2.1 hydrocarbon oil, nhomogeneousmixtureorsolutionwithelementalcompositionprimarilyofcarbonandhydrogenand also containing sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen from residual impurities and contaminants and excluding added oxygena
47、ted materials. (See Note 5.) 3.2.1.1 Discussion Neither macro nor micro emulsions are included in this denition since neither are homogeneous mixtures or solutions. 3.2.1.2 Discussion Examples of excluded oxygenated materials are alcohols, esters, ethers and triglycerides. 3.2.1 S(numerical specicat
48、ion maximum)indicates the maximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by this specication in a diesel fuel grade. 3.2.1.1 Discussion Of the seven diesel fuel grades specied in this standard, six have important distinguishing maximum sulfur regulatory requirements. These are Grades No. 1-D S
49、15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-D S500 and No. 2-D S5000. The seventh grade, No. 4-D, is distinguished from these other grades by many major properties in addition to sulfur (unregulated maximum), and therefore is not included in this designation system. Thus, Grade No. 4-D does not have the designation S20000 as part of its grade name. 4. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling 4.1 It is strongly advised to review all test methods prior to sampling to understand the importance and effects of sampl
