1、Designation: D975 15Standard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates t
2、he year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oilssuitable for various ty
3、pes of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.21.1.2 Grade No. 1-D
4、S500Aspecial-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000A special-purpose, lightmiddle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine a
5、pplicationsrequiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and highervolatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middle dis-tillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suita
6、ble for usein applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitablefor use in applications with conditions of varying spee
7、d andload.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditionsof varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend ofdistillate and residual oil, f
8、or use in low- and medium-speeddiesel engines in applications involving predominantly con-stant speed and load.NOTE 1A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils isgiven in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish gradesby sulfur rather than using words such a
9、s “Low Sulfur” as previouslybecause the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptionswere thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called“regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 gradescorrespond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades
10、 were not inthe previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-LowSulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes therequired properties of diesel fuels at the time and place ofdelivery.1.2.1 Noth
11、ing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which can be morerestrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the subject, see Guide D4865.
12、1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric Pressure
13、D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip Test1This specification is under the jurisdic
14、tion of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and MarineFuels.Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published March 2015. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous ed
15、ition approved in 2014 as D975 14b. DOI:10.1520/D0975-15.2This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from NewMotor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway DieselFuel Sulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and FuelAdditives: Fuel Quality
16、 Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 andLater Calendar Years.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
17、ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos
18、-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Pro
19、ducts by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method
20、)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate
21、 Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuels (Withdrawn 2010)4D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiqui
22、d Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petrole
23、um and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel
24、 Fuels byLow-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate FuelStorage Stability by Oxygen OverpressureD545
25、3 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petrole
26、um Products(Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6078 Test
27、 Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evalua-tor (SLBOCLE)D6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in MiddleDistillate Fuels by Lab
28、oratory FiltrationD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Dieseland Heating FuelsD6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability ofMiddle Distillate
29、 FuelsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)for Middle Distillate FuelsD6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay andDerived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
30、D6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity byan Injection Pump RigD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7042 Test Method for D
31、ynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)D7094 Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continu-ously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) TesterD7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived CetaneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injec-tion
32、Period, Constant Volume Combustion ChamberMethodD7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distil-lation Method)D7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (FattyAcid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using MidInfrared Spectro
33、scopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend(B6 to B20)D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles inLight and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic ParticleCounter4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.D975
34、152D7668 Test Method for Determination of Derived CetaneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsIgnition Delay andCombustion Delay Using a Constant Volume CombustionChamber MethodD7688 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) byVisual ObservationD722
35、0 Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, andJet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-rayFluorescence SpectrometryE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer
36、 Titration2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes540 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives5API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out ofStatic, Lightning, and Stray Currents6EN 14078 Liquid petroleum productsDetermination offatty acid methyl
37、esters (FAME) in middle distillatesInfrared spectroscopy method7ISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluidsMethod forCoding the Level of Contamination by Solid Particles6ISO 16889:1999 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFiltersMulti-pass Method for Evaluating Filtration Performance of aFilter Element3. Terminology3.1 De
38、finitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation, BXX, the XX rep-resents the volume per
39、centage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 hydrocarbon oil, na homogeneous mixture withelemental composition primarily of carbon and hydrogen thatmay also contain sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen from residualimpurities and contaminants associated with the fuels rawmaterials and manufacturing processes
40、 and excluding addedoxygenated materials.3.1.3.1 DiscussionNeither macro nor micro emulsions areincluded in this definition since neither are homogeneousmixtures.3.1.3.2 DiscussionExamples of excluded oxygenated ma-terials are alcohols, esters, ethers, and triglycerides.3.1.3.3 DiscussionThe hydroca
41、rbon oil may be manufac-tured from a variety of raw materials, for example petroleum(crude oil), oil sands, natural gas, coal, and biomass. AppendixX7 discusses some matters for consideration regarding the useof diesel fuels from feedstocks other than petroleum.3.1.4 switch loading, nof liquid fuels
42、, the practice ofloading low vapor pressure product (for example, diesel fuel)into an empty or near-empty fixed or portable container thatpreviously held a high or intermediate vapor pressure product(such as gasoline or solvent) without prior compartmentcleaning treatment and inert gas purging; and
43、the reverseprocedure where a high vapor pressure product is added to acontainer that previously held a low vapor pressure product.3.1.4.1 DiscussionSince middle distillate fuels have flashpoints above 38 C, during normal distribution of these fuels,the atmosphere above the fuels in a container such
44、as a tankertruck, rail car, or barge, is normally below the lower explosivelimit, so there is low risk of fire or explosion should anelectrostatic discharge (spark) occur. However, when the pre-vious load in the compartment was a volatile, flammable fuelsuch as gasoline, and if some residual fuel va
45、por or mistremains in the compartment, and the container has a mixture ofair and fuel vapor or mist (that is, not purged with an inert gas),then there is a risk that the atmosphere in the container beingfilled could be in the explosive range creating a hazard shouldan electrostatic discharge occur.3
46、.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates themaximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by thisspecification in a diesel fuel grade.3.2.1.1 DiscussionOf the seven diesel fuel grades speci-fied in this standard, six have important di
47、stinguishing maxi-mum sulfur regulatory requirements.These are Grades No. 1-DS15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-DS500 and No. 2-D S5000. The seventh grade, No. 4-D, isdistinguished from these other grades by many major proper-ties in addition to sulfur (unregulated maximum), and th
48、ereforeis not included in this designation system.Thus, Grade No. 4-Ddoes not have the designation S20000 as part of its grade name.4. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling4.1 It is strongly advised to review all test methods prior tosampling to understand the importance and effects of samplingt
49、echnique, proper containers, and special handling required foreach test method.4.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtaining arepresentative sample of the diesel fuel oil to be tested. Referto Appendix X2 for recommendations. The recommendedprocedures or practices provide techniques useful in the propersampling or handling of diesel fuels.5. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following methods:5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except where othermethods are prescri
