1、Designation: D975 15cStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates
2、the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oilssuitable for various t
3、ypes of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.21.1.2 Grade No. 1-D
4、 S500Aspecial-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000A special-purpose, lightmiddle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine
5、applicationsrequiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and highervolatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middle dis-tillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suit
6、able for usein applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitablefor use in applications with conditions of varying spe
7、ed andload.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditionsof varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend ofdistillate and residual oil,
8、for use in low- and medium-speeddiesel engines in applications involving predominantly con-stant speed and load.NOTE 1A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils isgiven in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish gradesby sulfur rather than using words such
9、as “Low Sulfur” as previouslybecause the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptionswere thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called“regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 gradescorrespond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grade
10、s were not inthe previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-LowSulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes therequired properties of diesel fuels at the time and place ofdelivery.1.2.1 Not
11、hing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which can be morerestrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the subject, see Guide D4865
12、.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric Pressur
13、eD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip Test1This specification is under the jurisdi
14、ction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and MarineFuels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous
15、 edition approved in 2015 as D975 15b. DOI:10.1520/D0975-15C.2This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from NewMotor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway DieselFuel Sulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and FuelAdditives: Fuel Qua
16、lity Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 andLater Calendar Years.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
17、the ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Vi
18、scos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum
19、 Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHigh Temperature Combustion and IR DetectionD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fu
20、elOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2709 Test Method for Water and Sed
21、iment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuels (Withdrawn 2010)4D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantitie
22、s of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Met
23、hod for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4539 Test Method fo
24、r Filterability of Diesel Fuels byLow-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate FuelStorage Stability b
25、y Oxygen OverpressureD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D5772 Test Method f
26、or Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Pet
27、roleum ProductsD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evalua-tor (SLBOCLE)D6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Midd
28、leDistillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Dieseland Heating FuelsD6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stab
29、ility ofMiddle Distillate FuelsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)for Middle Distillate FuelsD6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay andDerived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in
30、a Constant Volume ChamberD6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity byan Injection Pump RigD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectromet
31、ryD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)D7094 Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continu-ously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) TesterD7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived CetaneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oi
32、lsFixed Range Injec-tion Period, Constant Volume Combustion ChamberMethodD7220 Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, andJet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-rayFluorescence SpectrometryD7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
33、 (Micro Distil-lation Method)D7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (FattyAcid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using MidInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend(B6 to B20)4The last approved version of this historical stan
34、dard is referenced onwww.astm.org.D975 15c2D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles inLight and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic ParticleCounterD7668 Test Method for Determination of Derived CetaneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsIgnition Delay andCombustion Delay Using a Constant Vol
35、ume CombustionChamber MethodD7688 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) byVisual ObservationD7689 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Mini Method)D7861 Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid MethylEsters (FAME) in Diesel
36、 Fuel by Linear Variable Filter(LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared SpectroscopyE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Manufact
37、urers and Realtors Excise Taxes540 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives5API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out ofStatic, Lightning, and Stray Currents6EN 14078 Liquid petroleum productsDetermination offatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in middle distillatesInfrared spectrosc
38、opy method7ISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluidsMethod forCoding the Level of Contamination by Solid Particles6ISO 16889 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFiltersMulti-passMethod for Evaluating Filtration Performance of a FilterElement3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl es
39、ters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation, BXX, the XX rep-resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 hydrocarbon oi
40、l, na homogeneous mixture withelemental composition primarily of carbon and hydrogen thatmay also contain sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen from residualimpurities and contaminants associated with the fuels rawmaterials and manufacturing processes and excluding addedoxygenated materials.3.1.3.1 Discussion
41、Neither macro nor micro emulsions areincluded in this definition since neither are homogeneousmixtures.3.1.3.2 DiscussionExamples of excluded oxygenated ma-terials are alcohols, esters, ethers, and triglycerides.3.1.3.3 DiscussionThe hydrocarbon oil may be manufac-tured from a variety of raw materia
42、ls, for example petroleum(crude oil), oil sands, natural gas, coal, and biomass. AppendixX7 discusses some matters for consideration regarding the useof diesel fuels from feedstocks other than petroleum.3.1.4 switch loading, nof liquid fuels, the practice ofloading low vapor pressure product (for ex
43、ample, diesel fuel)into an empty or near-empty fixed or portable container thatpreviously held a high or intermediate vapor pressure product(such as gasoline or solvent) without prior compartmentcleaning treatment and inert gas purging; and the reverseprocedure where a high vapor pressure product is
44、 added to acontainer that previously held a low vapor pressure product.3.1.4.1 DiscussionSince middle distillate fuels have flashpoints above 38 C, during normal distribution of these fuels,the atmosphere above the fuels in a container such as a tankertruck, rail car, or barge, is normally below the
45、 lower explosivelimit, so there is low risk of fire or explosion should anelectrostatic discharge (spark) occur. However, when the pre-vious load in the compartment was a volatile, flammable fuelsuch as gasoline, and if some residual fuel vapor or mistremains in the compartment, and the container ha
46、s a mixture ofair and fuel vapor or mist (that is, not purged with an inert gas),then there is a risk that the atmosphere in the container beingfilled could be in the explosive range creating a hazard shouldan electrostatic discharge occur.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 S(n
47、umerical specification maximum)indicates themaximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by thisspecification in a diesel fuel grade.3.2.1.1 DiscussionOf the seven diesel fuel grades speci-fied in this standard, six have important distinguishing maxi-mum sulfur regulatory requirements.These
48、are Grades No. 1-DS15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-DS500 and No. 2-D S5000. The seventh grade, No. 4-D, isdistinguished from these other grades by many major proper-ties in addition to sulfur (unregulated maximum), and thereforeis not included in this designation system.Thus, Gra
49、de No. 4-Ddoes not have the designation S20000 as part of its grade name.4. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling4.1 It is strongly advised to review all test methods prior tosampling to understand the importance and effects of samplingtechnique, proper containers, and special handling required foreach test method.4.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtaining arepresentative sample of the diesel fuel oil to be tested. Referto Appendix X2 for recommendations. The recommendedprocedures or practices provide techniques useful in the prop
