1、Designation: D 994 98 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Specification forPreformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (BituminousType)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 994; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification c
3、overs bituminous preformed expan-sion joint filler for use in concrete construction.NOTE 1Attention is called to ASTM Specifications D 1751 andD 1752.1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision a
4、nd Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD 545 Methods of Testing Preformed Expansion Joint Fill-ers for Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and ResilientTypes)D 1751 Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillerfor Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonex-truding
5、and Resilient Bituminous Types)D 1752 Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber andCork Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving andStructural Construction3. Manufacture3.1 This product shall consist of a bituminous (asphalt ortar) mastic composition, formed and encased between twolayers of bitum
6、inous impregnated felt or two layers of glass-fiber felt. The mastic shall comprise mineral fillers andreinforcing fibers and may contain thin strips of reinforcingsheet material.4. General Requirements4.1 Preformed strips of expansion joint filler shall be of suchcharacter as not to be deformed or
7、broken by ordinary handlingwhen exposed to atmospheric conditions and shall not becomebrittle in cold weather. Pieces of the joint filler that have beendamaged shall be rejected.5. Properties5.1 Distortion at 52C (125F)The joint filler shall notshow a deflection of more than 25 mm (1 in.) when teste
8、d inaccordance with 8.2.1.5.2 BrittlenessThe joint filler shall not crack or shatterwhen tested in accordance with 8.2.2.NOTE 2Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of 6.4 mm(14 in.) or less shall not be subject to a requirement for brittleness.5.3 Water AbsorptionThe water absorption of
9、 the jointfiller, when tested in accordance with 8.2.3, shall not exceedthe following values:Nominal Thickness ofJoint, mm (in.)Absorption, max,weight %25.4 (1) 2.519.1 (34)312.7 (12)49.5 (38)5NOTE 3Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than9.5 mm (38 in. ) shall not be subject t
10、o a requirement for water absorption.5.4 CompressionThe load required to compress the testspecimen to 50 % of its thickness before test shall not be lessthan nor more than the following values when the joint filler istested in accordance with 8.2.4.Nominal Thickness of Load Requirements,Joint mm (in
11、.) min-max. kPa (psi)25.4 ( 1 in.) 690-5, 200 (100-754)19.1 (34 in.) 690, 5, 800 (100-841)12.7 (12 in.) 690-6, 400 (100-928)NOTE 4Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than12.7 mm (12 in.) shall not be subject to a requirement for compression.1This specification is under the juri
12、sdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.33 onFormed-In-Place Sealants for Joints and Cracks in Pavements.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved
13、in 1998 as D 994 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
14、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 The preformed strips shall conform to the dimensionsspecified or shown on the plans. Strips of the joint filler that donot conform to the specified dimensions, within the permissible
15、variations of +1.6 mm (116 in.) in thickness, 63.2 mm (18 in.)in depth, and 66.4 mm (14 in.) in length, shall be rejected.7. Sampling7.1 Size of SampleEach sample shall consist of sufficientmaterial to provide at least 3 test specimens measuring 51 by152 mm (2 by 6 in.) and at least 1 test specimen
16、measuring 102by 102 mm (4 by 4 in.).7.2 Number of SamplesOne representative sample shallbe selected from each shipment of 93 m2(1000 ft2), or fractionthereof, of each thickness ordered.7.3 Samples shall be packed for transportation in such amanner that there will be no danger of distortion or breaka
17、ge.8. Test Methods8.1 Significance and Use:8.1.1 The distortion and brittleness tests are used to deter-mine the handling characteristic of the material. The waterabsorption and compression tests are used to determine thesuitability of the material as an expansion joint filler.8.2 Procedures:8.2.1 D
18、istortion at 52C (125F)Cut a test specimen 51by 152 mm (2 by 6 in.), substantially flat and straight, with the152-mm dimension parallel to the machine direction of thestrip. Clamp the specimen between two blocks so that theexpansion joint forms a cantilever of 89-mm (312-in.) length.Place the clamp
19、and joint assembly in a forced-draft ovenmaintained at 52 6 1.1C (125 6 2F), with the specimen ina horizontal position, for 2 h. Measure the deflection of thespecimen from the horizontal.8.2.2 BrittlenessCut a test specimen 51 by 152 mm (2 by6 in.) with the 152-mm dimension parallel to the machinedi
20、rection of the strip. Maintain the specimen at a temperatureof 4 to 6C (39 to 43F) in water for at least 2 h prior to testing.Clamp the specimen between two boards so that the expansionjoint forms a cantilever of 89-mm (312-in.) length and hold ina horizontal position by a suitable rigid support. Su
21、spend aspherical cast iron ball, weighing 0.43 kg (0.95 lb) and havinga diameter of 48 mm (178 in.), by a cord tied to an eyeletfastened to the ball. For specimens having a thickness of 14.3mm (916 in.) or less, suspend the ball 304 mm (1 ft) above thecenter of the projecting portion of the specimen
22、. For specimensover 14.3 mm in thickness, suspend the ball 610 mm (2 ft)above the specimen. Release the ball by burning the cord abovethe eyelet. Other suitable suspension and release devices maybe used.8.2.3 Water AbsorptionCut a test specimen 51 by 152 mm(2 by 6 in.) from the joint filler material
23、, in such a manner thatall edges are freshly cut, and weigh. Immerse the specimenhorizontally under 25.4 mm (1 in.) of distilled or deionizedwater at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) for 24 h, remove, and wipeoff the surface water with a slightly dampened cloth. Weigh thespecimen quickly and calculate the gain
24、 in weight and expressas weight percent of water absorbed.8.2.4 CompressionTest the joint filler in accordance withthe compression test outlined in Methods D 545, except makeonly a single application of the load required to compress thespecimen to 50 % of its thickness before test, and do notmeasure
25、 the recovery.8.3 Precision and Bias:8.3.1 Precision statement for single operator was calculatedper Practice C 670. Maximum acceptable range of individualmeasurements. No precision statement is necessary for brittle-ness since this property is qualified as an attribute. Precisionstatements are list
26、ed in Table 1.8.3.2 Since there is no accepted reference material suitablefor determining the bias in this test method, no statement onbias is made.9. Keywords9.1 asphalt; bituminous; construction; expansion; joint; pav-ing; preformedD 994 98 (2003)2APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. STANDARD T
27、EST METHODS AND CONDITIONSX1.1 Size of SamplesSample sizes were used as requiredfor each test property.X1.2 Number of SpecimensFor each test, three (3) speci-mens were used.X1.3 Test ConditionsStandard test conditions were usedas required in each test section and per Section 8.X2. SINGLE-OPERATOR PR
28、ECISION STATEMENTSX2.1 Practice C 670, for Preparing Precision and BiasStatements for test methods for Construction Materials, wasused to develop the single-operator precision statement.X2.2 Windows 95 function categories were used to calcu-late the average (avg) values and the one-sigma (1s) limits
29、.Data was graphed using Windows 95 Chart Wizard.X2.3 Acceptance of individual measurement values wasbased on the calculated difference of two-sigma (d2s) limits asthe appropriate index of test precision. Maximum acceptancerange of the measurements was calculated per Practice C 670,and for a given te
30、st the individual results of the measurementswere accepted if the results were within the calculated maxi-mum acceptable range.X2.4 Single-Operator Precision was calculated per PracticeC 670. Results of three (3) specimens were used to calculatethe average values and the one-sigma limits. From Pract
31、iceC 670, for the average of three (3) measurements, the multi-plier is 5.7 for the maximum acceptable range of individualmeasurements. The precision statement then for a single-operator is calculated as follows:Precision Statement 51s!35.7 (X2.1)X2.5 Calculated precision statements for the various
32、prop-erties are given in Table 1.X2.6 Single-Operator Precision for the average compres-sion load values, for each thickness, is also presented in GraphI. (URL Upper Range Limit, LRL Lower Range Limit)X3. COMPRESSION LOAD VALUESX3.1 It was found that the compression load values aredependent on the t
33、hickness of the preformed expansion jointfiller. As the thickness of the expansion filler increased theresultant compression load values decreased as shown in Fig.X3.1 and Fig. X3.2.X3.2 Starting with the compression load value of 5200 kPamaximum for 25.4 mm. thick joint filler, as a starting point,
34、then by graphic analysis the maximum compression loadvalues were plotted for each joint filler thickness as shown inFig. X3.1 and as stated in Table 1.TABLE 1 Single-Operator Precision Statements SI Units OnlyProperty Property as a function of Nominal ThicknessThickness, Nominal, mm. 25.4 19.1 12.7
35、9.5 6.4Distortion, max. mm. 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4Precision, max.accept.range. 2.93 2.30 5.92 6.03 6.84Brittleness Pass* Pass* Pass* Pass* -Precision, max.accept.range * * * * -Water Absorption, wt % max. 2.5 3 4 5 -Precision, max.accept.range. 0.057 0.087 0.400 1.187 -Compression, kPa, min-max. 6
36、905200 6905800 6906400 - -Precision, max.accept.range. 204.2 180.1 416.5 - -NOTEPrecision, max.accept.range. Per Practice C 670, Maximum acceptable range between high andlow individual measurements.Pass* Not crack or shatter.* No precision statement is necessary for this attribute.D 994 98 (2003)3AS
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38、ntirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
39、and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee
40、 on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. X3.1 SingleOperator Precision Acceptance Range ofIndividual MeasurementsFIG. X3.2 Maximum Compression Load vs. ThicknessD 994 98 (2003)4
