1、Designation: D2347 00 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Area of Leather Test Specimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2347; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the surfacearea of leather test specimens. Unless otherwise specified, thesurface t
3、o be measured shall be the grain surface or the surfacemost closely adjacent to the grain surface. This test methoddoes not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport
4、 to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1610
5、Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-ucts for Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 area of a circular specimenthe average diametersquared and multiplied by4and reported to the nearest 1 mm2.3.1.2 area of a rectangular specimenthe product of thea
6、verage distance across the width of the grain surface multi-plied by the average distance across the length of the grainsurface of the leather specimen to the nearest 1 mm2.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed to measure the area ofspecimens before and after they are subjected to
7、various teststhat may effect surface area. Two test procedures wherein suchmeasurements could be used are for the apparent density ofleather and the resistance of leather to synthetic perspirationsolution.5. Apparatus5.1 Die, of appropriate size for round or rectangular leatherspecimens, having unif
8、orm dimensions in the 50 to 80 mmrange. When rigid and thick leathers, such as sole leathers, arebeing measured, a knife may be used to produce the testspecimen provided straight edges are obtained.5.2 Mallet or Clicking Machine.5.3 Rule or Steel Tape, graduated to 1.0 mm.5.4 Caliper, graduated to 1
9、.0 mm (recommended for soleleather).6. Test Specimen6.1 The specimen shall be a circular or rectangular piece ofleather cut from leather sides or skins that have been condi-tioned in accordance with Practice D1610 for48hinanatmosphere maintained at 73.4 6 1.8F (23 6 1C) and 50 64 % relative humidity
10、.6.2 The specimens used in this test method generally rangein area from 1500 to 10 000 mm2.6.3 Do not die out or cut specimens from areas that showsurface defects such as indentations, creases, or cuts.7. Procedure7.1 Place the specimen with the grain side up on a flatsurface and spread it out witho
11、ut pulling or stretching. Using arule or steel tape for flexible leathers and a caliper for soleleathers, make three measurements equally spaced along thewidth and three measurements along the length of the specimento the nearest 1.0 mm.7.2 Measure the diameter of the specimen by placing a ruleor st
12、eel tape across its widest girth and note the length on therule or tape extending over the specimen. Repeat this measure-ment four times at radii approximately 45 to each other andaverage the results to obtain the diameter.8. Calculation and Report8.1 Multiply the average value obtained for the leng
13、th bythe average value obtained for the width to determine the areaof the specimen.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Ori
14、ginally approvedin 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2347 00 (2010). DOI:10.1520/D2347-00R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan
15、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States18.2 Calculate the area of circular test specimens as follows:A 5 1/4 D2(1)where:A = area (mm2), andD = average diameter, mm.8.3 Report area
16、 to the nearest 1 mm2.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The following criteria may be used to judge the accept-ability of the results if at least 15 units have been tested.9.1.1 Results by the same operator on duplicate specimen,same skin, should not be considered suspect unless the coef-ficient of variation
17、 exceeds 2 %.9.1.2 Results of two laboratories on duplicate specimens,same skin, should not be considered suspect unless the coef-ficient of variation exceeds 2 %.9.2 BiasNo justifiable statement on bias can be madesince the true value of area of leather test specimens cannot beestablished by an acc
18、epted reference method.10. Keywords10.1 area change; leather; measuring areaASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validit
19、y of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comment
20、s are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not
21、 received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copi
22、es) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 00 (2015)2
