1、Designation: D2556 11Standard Test Method forApparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2556; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the
3、measurement of the appar-ent viscosity of shear-rate-dependent adhesives.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
4、It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D907 Terminology of Adhesives3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Many terms in this
5、 test method are definedin Terminology D907.3.1.1 Newtonian behavior, nthe property of a liquid inwhich its viscosity is constant over a stated range of strainrates. (Compare non-Newtonian behavior.)3.1.2 non-Newtonian behavior, nthe property of a liquidin which its viscosity is not constant over a
6、stated range ofstrain rates.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 apparent viscosity, nresistance to shear at a givenrate of shear, expressed as viscosity in absolute units.4. Significance and Use4.1 The principle of measurement is based upon a reversibleisothermal change in appar
7、ent viscosity with change in rate ofshear.4.2 Measurement is performed with a spindle, disk, T-bar, orcoaxial cylinder rotational viscometer under standardized con-ditions with rigid control of the time intervals of measurement.Readings are obtained on the viscometer dial scale at the endof 1 min fo
8、r each rotational speed. Changes from the lowestspeed to the highest speed, and return to the lowest speed, aremade without stopping the instrument.5. Apparatus5.1 ViscometerThe apparatus consists of a spindle,3disk,3T-bar,3or coaxial-type viscometer with appropriate spindles,disks, T-bars, or cylin
9、ders. Do not use a scored, warped, orotherwise damaged spindle, disk, T-bar, or cylinder. Exceptwhen using the coaxial cylinder-type viscometer, the size ofcontainer to be used is determined by mutual agreement. Someinstruments have two concentric scales, and care is to be takento read the pointer o
10、n the correct scale.5.2 Supporting Stand4Use a support for the viscometerwhich consists of a suitable stand with a supporting armcapable of being lowered or raised either manually or mechani-cally.5.3 ThermometerUse a precision thermometer, withgraduations not greater than 0.2C (0.5F), for temperatu
11、remeasurements.6. Conditioning6.1 Condition the adhesive sample and instrument at 23 60.5C (73.4 6 1.0F) (or other temperature agreed upon1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on WorkingProperties.Current
12、 edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2556 93a (2005).DOI: 10.1520/D2556-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
13、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The Brookfield Synchro-Lectric, Dial Reading or Digital Viscometers (orRheometers), Ranges Models LV, RV, HA or HB have been found satisfactory forthis purpose and are available from the Brookfie
14、ld Engineering Laboratories,Middleboro, MA.4The Brookfield Helipath Stand or other commercially available stands may beused.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.between the adhesive vendor and the purchaser) at least 16 h.
15、If special conditioning methods are necessary, such as the useof a circulating water bath, they shall be noted in the report, see8.1.4.7. Procedure7.1 Select a viscometer and spindle (see Table X1.1), disk,T-bar, or cylinder suited to the viscosity range of the materialsuch that the model-speed-rota
16、tional element combination willgive dial readings between 20 and 80 % of the full-scalereading. Firmly fit the rotational element into the shaft exten-sion which goes down through the center of the dial casing.Place the viscometer on the supporting stand so that therotational element is vertical. Sl
17、owly immerse the rotationalelement in the sample to the depth recommended by themanufacturer of the apparatus or, where this is not clearlyindicated, to a depth agreed upon between the adhesive vendorand the purchaser. Take care as the rotational element islowered into the solution to ensure that no
18、 air is trapped underor around it. See Appendix X1 for example of spindleselection.7.2 With the rotational element immersed in the adhesive,start the motor of the viscometer at the lowest rotational speed.Maintain this speed for exactly 1 min. Without stopping themotor, increase the speed to the nex
19、t indicated measure ofrotation, etc., at 1-min (62 s) intervals, until the maximumreadable rotation has been achieved. At the end of 1 min at thisspeed, decrease the revolutions per minute in 1-min intervalsuntil the lowest speed has been reached. Record dial readingsat the end of each minute.7.3 A
20、plot of rotational speed versus apparent viscosity asdetermined from the dial readings provides evidence as toshear-rate dependency of the material. A value of apparentviscosity may be obtained from any point on the curve.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Date of test and complete
21、identification of the adhe-sive tested, including type, source, manufacturers code num-bers, form, date of manufacture,8.1.2 Name and model number of the instrument used,8.1.3 Number and type of rotational element used,8.1.4 Conditioning procedure employed in preparation ofthe adhesive for testing,
22、including dimensions of the testcontainer,8.1.5 Time elapsed between various operations in prepara-tion of the adhesive mix and between rotational elementimmersion and start of test,8.1.6 Temperature of the sample during test,8.1.7 Depth of immersion of rotating element (if depth notstandard), and8.
23、1.8 Apparent viscosity in poises or equivalent units asso-ciated with the particular equipment at one or more selectedrotational speeds and whether obtained while increasing ordecreasing the rotational speeds.NOTE 1The shear-rate-dependent characteristics of a sample undertest may be defined by a so
24、-called “thixotropic index,” which is the ratioof apparent viscosities at two different speeds. For example:apparent viscosity at speed 2apparent viscosity at speed 205 80 000 cP/20 000 cP 5 4 (1)9. Precision and Bias9.1 No precision and bias data are available for this testmethod.10. Keywords10.1 a
25、pparent viscosityD2556 112APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE OF TABLE FOR VISCOMETER AND SPINDLE SELECTIONREFERENCES(1) Eirich, F. R., Rheology, Academic Press, 111 5th Ave., New York,NY, 1960.(2) Green, Henry, Industrial Rheology and Rheological Structures, JohnWiley and Sons, New York,
26、NY, 1949.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such ri
27、ghts, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additiona
28、l standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the AST
29、M Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the abov
30、eaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE X1.1 Recommended Spindles for Brookfield RVF or RVTDi
31、al Reading ViscometerARange, cPBSpindleSpeed,r/minFactorC100 to 400 1 20 5400 to 800 1 10 10800 to 1 600 2 20 201 600 to 3 200 2 10 403 200 to 4 000 3 20 504 000 to 8 000 4 20 1008 000 to 16 000 4 10 20016 000 to 20 000 3 4 25020 000 to 40 000 4 4 50040 000 to 80 000 4 2 1 00080 000 to 160 000 5 2 2
32、 000160 000 to 200 000 6 4 2 500200 000 to 400 000 6 2 5 000400 000 to 800 000 7 4 10 000800 000 to 2 000 000 7 2 20 000AThe above guide may be used for selecting spindles and speeds for theBrookfiled RV-range Digital Viscometers and Rheometers, as well.BIf the scale reading is below 20 or above 80, move to the spindle and speedrecommended for the next lower or higher viscosity-range.CTo obtain the viscosity in centipoises, multiply the reading on the “100” scaleby the factor for the given spindle and speed.D2556 113
