1、Designation: D 2565 99 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Practice forXenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for OutdoorApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test condi-tions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposur
3、e of plasticsconducted in accordance with Practices G 151 and G 155. Thispractice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the testconditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of testresults.NOTE 1Previous versions of this practice referenced xenon-arc de-vices described in Practice
4、 G26, which described very specific equipmentdesigns. Practice G26 is being replaced by Practice G 151, whichdescribes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratorylight sources and by Practice G 155, which gives requirements forexposing nonmetallic materials in xenon-arc devices
5、. Practice G26willbe balloted for withdrawal before December 2000.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the app
6、lica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2This practice is technically equivalent to ISO 4892-2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD 3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint andRelated Materials3D 5870 Practice for Calculating Prope
7、rty Retention Indexof PlasticsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodG26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)3G113 Terminology Relating
8、 to Natural and ArtificialWeathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 141 Guide forAddressing Variability in Exposure Testingof Nonmetallic MaterialsG 147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme-tallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetalli
9、c Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatusfor Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials2.2 ISO Standard:4ISO 4892-2 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight Sources Part 2, Xenon Arc Lamp3. Terminology3.1 The defini
10、tions in Terminology G113are applicable tothis practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration ofits electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused byexposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant formany applications. This practice is
11、 intended to induce propertychanges associated with end-use conditions, including theeffects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used inthis practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration causedby localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollu-tion, biological attack, and
12、saltwater exposure.4.2 CautionVariations in results may be expected whenoperating conditions are varied within the accepted limits ofthis practice. Therefore, all references to the use of this practicemust be accompanied by a report prepared in accordance withSection 9 that describes the specific op
13、erating conditions used.Refer to Practice G 151 for detailed information on the caveatsapplicable to use of results obtained in accordance with thispractice.NOTE 3Additional information on sources of variability and onstrategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and dataanalysis o
14、f laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G 141.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories hasbeen shown to be good when the stability of materials is1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
15、e D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2565 - 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
16、For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
17、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to othermaterials or to a control.5,6Therefore, exposure of a similarmaterial of known performance (a control) at the same time asthe test materials is strongly recommended. It is
18、 recommendedthat at least three replicates of each material be exposed toallow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken tooperate the equipment in accordance with Practice G 155.Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedomfrom
19、salts or other deposits from water, temperature andhumidity control, and condition and age of the burner andfilters.5. Apparatus5.1 Use xenon-arc apparatus that conform to the require-ments defined in Practices G 151 and G 155.5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-tion (SPD) of
20、 the xenon lamp shall conform to the require-ments of Table 1 in Practice G 155 for a xenon lamp withdaylight filters.6. Test Specimen6.1 The size and shape of specimens to be exposed will bedetermined by the specifications of the particular test methodused to evaluate the effects of the exposure on
21、 the specimens;the test method shall be determined by the parties concerned.Where practical, it is recommended that specimens be sized tofit specimen holders and racks supplied with the exposureapparatus. Unless supplied with a specific backing as anintegral part of the test, specimens shall be moun
22、ted so thatonly the minimum specimen area required for support by theholder shall be covered. This unexposed surface must not beused as part of the test area.6.2 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three repli-cate specimens of each test material and of the control material,if used.6.3 Follo
23、w the procedures described in Practice G 147 foridentification and conditioning and handling of test specimens,control, and reference materials prior to, during, and afterexposure.6.4 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose ofshowing on one panel the effects of various exposure times.Misl
24、eading results may be obtained by this method, since themasked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperatureand humidity cycles that in many cases will affect results.6.5 Since the thickness of a specimen may markedly affectthe results, thickness of test and control specimens shall bewithi
25、n 610 % of the nominal dimensions.NOTE 4This is especially important when mechanical properties arebeing investigated.6.6 Incident energy at the extremes of the specimen expo-sure area in older equipment may be only 70 % of that at thecenter. If the irradiance at any position within the exposure are
26、ais less than 90 % of the peak irradiance, follow one of theprocedures outlined in Practice G 155 to ensure either equalradiant exposure or compensation for differences in radiantexposure.6.7 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of allmaterials evaluated.6.7.1 When destructive tests are run,
27、ensure that sufficientfile specimens are retained so that the property of interest canbe determined on unexposed file specimens each time exposedmaterials are evaluated.6.8 Specimens should not be removed from the exposureapparatus for more than 24 h and then returned for additionaltests, since this
28、 does not produce the same results on allmaterials as tests run without this type of interruption. Whenspecimens are removed from the exposure apparatus for 24 h ormore and then returned for additional exposure, report theelapsed time in accordance with Section 9.NOTE 5Since the stability of the fil
29、e specimen may also be time-dependent, users are cautioned that over prolonged exposure periods, orwhere small differences in the order of acceptable limits are anticipated,comparison of exposed specimens with the file specimen may not be valid.Instrumental measurements are recommended whenever poss
30、ible.7. Procedure7.1 Practice G 155 lists several exposure cycles that areused for xenon-arc exposures of nonmetallic materials. Table 1lists several of these cycles. Obtain mutual agreement betweenall concerned parties for the specific exposure cycle used.7.2 If no other cycle is specified, use Cyc
31、le No. 1.7.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, control the irradiance toproduce 0.35 6 0.02 W/m2at 340 nm or 41.5 6 2.5 W/m2between 300 and 400 nm. If the exposure device is notequipped with irradiance control, follow the device manufac-turers recommendations to produce this irradiance, or otherspecifie
32、d irradiance level.7.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, in devices which allow forcontrol of relative humidity, maintain relative humidity at 50 65 % equilibrium during the light-only interval.7.2.3 Unless otherwise specified, the equilibrium tempera-ture of an uninsulated black panel thermometer shall
33、 be 63 62C.7.3 It is recommended that all unused spaces in the speci-men exposure area be filled with blank metal panels.7.4 Water Purity:7.4.1 The purity of water used for specimen spray is veryimportant. Without proper treatment to remove cations, anions,organics, and particularly silica, exposed
34、panels will developspots or stains that may not occur in exterior exposures.7.4.2 Follow the requirements for water purity described inPractice G 151.7.4.3 If specimens are found to have deposits or stains afterexposure in the apparatus, the water purity must be checked todetermine if it meets the r
35、equirements of 7.4.2. On someoccasions, exposed specimens can be contaminated by depositsfrom bacteria that can grow in the purified water used forspecimen spray. If bacterial contamination is detected, the5Fischer, R., “Results of Round Robin Studies of Light- and Water-ExposureStandard Practices,”
36、 Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of OrganicMaterials, ASTM STP 1202, Warren D. Ketola and Douglas Grossman, eds.,American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993.6Ketola, W., and Fischer, R., “Characterization and Use of Reference Materialsin Accelerated Durability Tests,” V
37、AMAS Technical Report No. 30, available fromNIST, Gaithersburg, MD.D 2565 99 (2008)2entire system used for specimen water spray must be flushedwith chlorine and thoroughly rinsed prior to resuming expo-sures.7.4.4 The temperature of water used for specimen sprayshould be 16 6 5C (60.8 6 9F).7.4.5 Wh
38、en the preceding water purity requirements are metand there is disagreement between parties on the extent ofproblems caused by stain or deposit, run referee tests in at leastone other laboratory that can meet the water quality require-ments described in 7.4.7.5 Some tests for lightfastness are run w
39、ithout any speci-men wetting. When this type of test is required, omit the periodwhere water is sprayed on specimens.7.6 It is recommended that a control material be exposed atthe same time as the test specimens for comparison purposes,if performance comparisons are not being made between thetest ma
40、terials themselves. All concerned parties must agree onthe control material used.7.6.1 Identification of any control specimen used shallaccompany the report.8. Periods of Exposure and Evaluation of Test Results8.1 In most cases, periodic evaluation of test and controlmaterials is necessary to determ
41、ine the variation in magnitudeand direction of property change as a function of exposure timeor radiant exposure.8.2 The time or radiant exposure necessary to produce adefined change in a material property can be used to evaluateor rank the stability of materials. This method is preferred overevalua
42、ting materials after an arbitrary exposure time or radiantexposure.8.2.1 Exposure to an arbitrary time or radiant exposure maybe used for the purpose of a specific test if agreed uponbetween the parties concerned or if required for conformanceto a particular specification. When a single exposure per
43、iod isused, select a time or radiant exposure that will produce thelargest performance differences between the test materials orbetween the test material and the control material.8.2.2 The minimum exposure time used shall be that nec-essary to produce a substantial change in the property ofinterest
44、for the least stable material being evaluated. Anexposure time that produces a significant change in one type ofmaterial cannot be assumed to be applicable to other types ofmaterials.8.2.3 The relation between time to failure in an exposureconducted in accordance with this practice and service life
45、inan outdoor environment requires determination of a validacceleration factor. Do not use arbitrary acceleration factorsrelating time in an exposure conducted in accordance with thispractice and time in an outdoor environment because they cangive erroneous information. The acceleration factor is mat
46、erial-dependent and is only valid if it is based on data from asufficient number of separate exterior and laboratory-accelerated exposures so that results used to relate times tofailure in each exposure can be analyzed using statisticalmethods.NOTE 6An example of a statistical analysis using multipl
47、e-laboratoryand exterior exposures to calculate an acceleration factor is described bySimms.7See Practice G 151 for more information and additional cautionsabout the use of acceleration factors.8.3 After each exposure increment, evaluate or rate changesin exposed test specimens in accordance with ap
48、plicableASTM test methods.NOTE 7For some materials, changes may continue after the specimenhas been removed from the exposure apparatus. Measurements (visual or7Simms, J.A., Journal of Coatings Technology, Vol 50, 1987, pp. 45-53.TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Xenon-Arc ExposureTesting of Pla
49、sticsACycleNumberCycle DescriptionBUn-insulatedBlackPanelTemperature,CCTypicalIrradianceTypicalUsesD1 102 min light only followedby 18 min of light with waterspray (102/18 cycle)E63 6 2 0.35 6 0.02W/m2at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300 to 400nmhistoricalconventionF2 18-h, consisting ofalternating intervals of 102min light only followed by 18min of light with water spray63 6 2 0.35 6 0.02W/m2at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300 to 400nmgeneralplastics6 h dark, at 95 6 4%RHwith no water spray38 6 2repeat3 1.5 h light at 70 6 5%RH0.5 h light and water spray77 6 3 0.35 6 0.02W
