1、Designation: D 2625 94 (Reapproved 2003)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEndurance (Wear) Life and Load-Carrying Capacity of SolidFilm Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2625; the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agen
3、cies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers the determination of theendurance (wear) life and load-carrying capacity of dry solidfilm lubricants in sliding steel-on-steel applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard except where equipment
4、 is supplied using inch-poundunits and would then be regarded as standard. The metricequivalents of inch-pound units given in such cases in the bodyof the standard may be approximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is there
5、sponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B 16/B 16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar,and Shapes for Use in Screw Mach
6、inesF 22 Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by theWater-Break Test2.2 U.S. Military Specifications:4MIL-L-8937MIL-P-16232F Phosphate Coatings, Heavy, Manganese orZinc Base (for Ferrous Metals)2.3 Other Standards:542USC7671a Clean Air Act Ammendments of 1990Federal Test Methods 791a, Methods 3
7、807 and 38123. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 dry solid film lubricantsdry coatings consisting oflubricating powders in a solid matrix bonded to one or bothsurfaces to be lubricated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 direct load, nthe load that is applied linearly,bisecting t
8、he angle of the vee block corrected to either the800-lbf (3550-N) gage reference or the 3000-lbf (13 300-N)gage reference.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThis load is equivalent to the true loadtimes the cos 42.3.2.2 endurance (wear) lifethe length of test time beforefailure under a constant loaded condition, in
9、minutes, in whichthe applied test lubricant performs its function.3.2.3 gage load, nthe value obtained from the gage whilerunning the test after being corrected to the standard curveusing the calibration procedure for the 4500-lbf (20 000-N)reference gage.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe gage reading is irresp
10、ective of theparticular gage used, and corrections are made by comparisonto the Brinell ball impression diameters on a standard referencecopper test coupon with a Rockwell hardness range of HB 37to HB 39. An electronic calibration instrument6is availablewhich can be used in place of the copper coupo
11、n.3.2.4 load carrying capacitythe highest indicated loadsustained for a minimum of 1 min.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.L0 on Industrial Lubricants.Current edition approved Nov.
12、 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 262594 (1998).2Reference may be made to Coordinating Research Council, Inc. (CRC) ReportNo. 419, “Development of Research Technique for Measuring Wear Life of BondedSolid Lubricant Coatings for
13、 Airframes, Using the Falex Tester.” Also to MilitarySpecification MIL-L-8937 (ASG), Jan. 22, 1963, and Methods 3807 and 3812 ofFederal Test Method Standard No. 791a.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual B
14、ook of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Do
15、cuments,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.6The Falex Pin and Vee Block Test machine available from Falex Corp., 1020Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554 has been found satisfactory for this purpose. Anew model of this machine has been available since 1983. Certain operatingp
16、rocedures are different for this new model. Consult instruction manual of machinefor this information.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The endurance test (Procedure A) consists of runningtw
17、o stationary steel vee block specimens loaded to a predeter-mined value against a rotating steel pin specimen. The endur-ance (wear) life is determined when the torque increases by 10inlbf (1.13 Nm).4.2 The load-carrying capacity test (Procedure B) consistsof running two stationary steel vee block s
18、pecimens against arotating steel pin, increasing the load on the pin until a sharpincrease (10 inlbf (1.13 Nm) in steady-state torque or pinbreakage is experienced. Prior to both tests, the solid filmlubricant is deposited on the surfaces of the test specimens.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test me
19、thod differentiates between bonded solidlubricants with respect to their wear life and load-carryingcapacity. If the test conditions are changed, wear life maychange and relative ratings of the bonded solid film lubricantsmay be different.6. Apparatus6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine,6illustr
20、ated inFig. 1 and Fig. 2.6.1.1 Load Gage,74500-lbf (20 000-N) range, or 3000-lbf(13 300-N) direct-reading gage. An 800-lbf (3550-N) direct-reading load gage may be used for Procedure A, but does nothave a high enough load range for Procedure B.NOTE 1Primary figures for loads are shown for the 4500-l
21、bf (20 000-N) gage. Equivalent readings on either 800 or 3000-lbf (3550 or13 300-N) direct-reading gages are shown in parentheses and can beobtained from the curve in Fig. 3.6.1.2 OptionalAn automatic cutoff, torque recorder, andtimer may be used in place of the standard indicating torquegage.6.2 Re
22、quired for Calibration of Load Gage:6.2.1 Standardized Test Coupon,6soft, annealed copper HB37/39.6.2.2 Allen Screw,6with attached 10-mm Brinell ball.6.2.3 Back-up Plug.66.2.4 Brinell Microscope, or equivalent.6.2.5 Rule, steel, 150 mm (6 in.) long.6.2.6 Timer, graduated in minutes and seconds.6.3 R
23、equired for Application of Dry Solid Film Lubricants-(see Annex A1):6.3.1 Desiccator, for storing test parts. The bottom of thedesiccator shall be filled with desiccant to maintain approxi-mately 50 % relative humidity. (Not required if parts can bestored in a fume-free room at 50 6 5 % relative hum
24、idity.)6.3.2 Forced-Circulation Oven, capable of maintaining atemperature of 149 6 5C (300 6 10F).6.3.3 Micrometer, reading 0 to 25 6 0.0025 mm (0 to 1 60.0001 in.), with a one-ball anvil.6.3.4 Vapor Degreasing Bath.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Required for Procedures A and B:7.1.1 Eight Standard Ve
25、e Blocks,696 6 1 angle, heattreated to 1.24 3 109to 1.38 3 109Pa (180 000 to 200 000 psi)tensile strength; or standard coined vee blocks, 96 6 1 angle,of AISI C-1137 steel as an alternative, with a Rockwellhardness of HRC 20 to 24 and surface finish of 1.3 3 107to2.5 3 107m (5 to 10 in.), rms.7.1.2
26、Four Standard Test Pins,66.35-mm (14-in.) outsidediameter by 31.75 mm (114 in.) long, heat treated to1.24 3 109to 1.38 3 109Pa (180 000 to 200 000 psi) ultimatehardness; or Standard No. 8 Pins of AISI 3135 steel as analternative, with a hardness of HRB 87 to 91, on a ground, flatsurface (or approxim
27、ately HRB 80 to 83 on the round), and asurface finish of 1.3 3 107to 2.5 3 107m (5 to 10 in.) rms.7.1.3 Locking (Shear) Pin,612 H Brass, conforming toSpecification B 16/B 16M.7.2 Required for Application of Dry Solid Film Lubricant-(see Annex A1):7Available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar
28、Grove, IL 60554.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Falex Pin and Vee Block Test MachineD 2625 94 (2003)27.2.1 Phosphate Coating, manganese, conforming to Mili-tary Specification MIL-P-16232F, Type M, Class 3 controlledto a coating weight of 16 to 22 g/m2.NOTE 2Lack of rigid control of the phosphate coating
29、 weight cansignificantly impact the data scatter. A film controlled to the minimumrange is preferred over the uncontrolled standard heavy phosphateoriginally called out.7.2.2 CleanersSelect a cleaning media and method whichis safe, non-film forming and which does not in any way attackor etch the sur
30、face chemically. In addition, no Class 1 ozonedepleting substances conforming to Section 602(a) of the CleanAir Act Amendments of 1990 (42USC7671a) as identified inSection 326 of PL 102-4846should be used. Use a procedure asoutlined in Test Method F 22 to judge the merit of the selectedcleaning tech
31、nique.NOTE 3A typical solvent found acceptable for this purpose is Stod-dard solvent.7.2.2.1 No method of cleaning can be judged as acceptableunless there is a valid method of judging the success or failureof the cleaning method. Test Method F 22 is a simple proce-dure that can be used on the actual
32、 test apparatus or on testcoupons to judge each cleaning methods viability.7.2.3 Aluminum Oxide, white angular abrasive, 180 grit to220 grit.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Thoroughly clean the jaw supports for the vee blocksand test journals, by washing with the solvent selected from7.2.2, of all de
33、bris or oil from previous test runs. See Note 3.8.2 Avoid contact with the fingers of the mating surfaces ofthe vee blocks and test pins.FIG. 1 Digital Pin and Vee Block Test Machine (continued)FIG. 2 Exploded View of Vee Blocks and Journal Arrangement,Falex Pin and Vee Block Test MachineFIG. 3 Stan
34、dard Curves for Load Gage Calibration or Conversion,Brinell Impression Diameter versus Gage Load Reading, UsingStandard Copper Test Coupon of HB 37/39.D 2625 94 (2003)38.3 Avoid atmospheric contamination such as cigarettesmoke, as this can adversely affect the test results.9. Calibration of Load Gag
35、e9.1 Calibration Procedure with 4500-lbf (20 000-N) LoadGage:9.1.1 Remove the Allen set screw and 12.70-mm (12-in.)ball from the left jaw socket (Fig. 4).9.1.2 Insert the special Allen screw with the attached 10-mmBrinell ball into the working face of the left jaw. Adjust so thatthe ball projects ab
36、out 4 mm (532 in.) from face of the jaw.9.1.3 Insert the back-up plug in the counterbore of theright-hand jaw. Adjust so that the plug projects about 0.8 mm(132 in.) from the face.9.1.4 Support the standard test coupon so that the upperedge of the coupon is about 2.5 mm (332 in.) below the uppersurf
37、ace of the jaws. Place a steel rule across the face of thejaws. Adjust the Allen screw with the attached 10-mm ball untilthe face of the jaws are parallel to the steel rule with the testcoupon in position for indentation.9.1.5 With the test coupon in position for the first impres-sion, place the loa
38、d gage assembly on the lever arms.9.1.6 Place the loading arm on the ratchet wheel and actuatethe motor. Allow the motor to run until the load gage indicatesa load of 300 lbf (1330 N). A slight takeup on the ratchet wheelis required to hold the load due to the ball sinking into the testcoupon. After
39、 the 300-lbf (1330-N) load is obtained, hold for 1min for the indentation to form.9.1.7 Turn off the machine and back off the load until thetest coupon is free of the jaws. Advance the test couponapproximately 9.5 mm (38 in.) (additional indentations shouldbe separated by a minimum distance of 2.5 3
40、 the diameter ofthe initial indentation). Check the alignment of the jaws, andrepeat the procedure described in 9.1.6 at gage loads of 750,1000, and 1500 lbf (3300, 4450, and 6650 N).9.1.8 Remove the load gage assembly and test coupon andmeasure the diameter of each indentation to 0.01 mm with theBr
41、inell microscope. Make three measurements of the indenta-tion diameter, rotating the test coupon to ensure that no twomeasurements represent the same points. Average the threemeasurements of each impression and record.9.1.9 Plot the four impression readings versus gage loadreadings on log-log paper
42、(K or at 300, 700, 1100, and 1700 lbf(1330, 3100, 4880, and 7550 N) on the 3000-lbf (13 300-N)gage. Plot the impression readings versus gage load readings,as in 9.1.9, with similar adjustments to the load in order toproduce indentation diameter that corresponds to the indenta-tion diameter on the st
43、andard curve.10. Procedure A10.1 Insert the solid film coated vee blocks in the recesses ofthe load jaws.10.2 Mount the solid film coated pin in the test shaft andinsert a new brass shear pin as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.10.3 Swing the arms inward so that the vee blocks contactthe test pin in such
44、a way that the vee grooves are aligned withthe pins major axis as shown in Fig. 2. Check this alignmentvisually. Place the automatic loading mechanism with attachedload gage on the load arms and turn the ratched wheel by handuntil the test parts are securely seated, indicated by a slightupward movem
45、ent of the load gage needle. At this point thetorque gage should read zero or be adjusted to read zero.10.4 Start the motor and engage the automatic loadingratchet until a gage load of 300 lbf (1330 N) is reached(approximately 265 lbf (1170 N) on the direct-reading gage).Remove the load applying arm
46、 and continue running (at 290 610 r/min) for 3 min, then increase the load to 500 lbf (2220 N)(approximately 410 lbf (1820 N) on the direct-reading gage)using the load applying arm, and run for 1 min.10.5 Increase load to 750 lbf (3330 N) (590 lbf (2620 N) onthe direct-reading gage) and run for 1 mi
47、n. Then increase theload to 1000 lbf (4450 N) (765 lbf (3400 N) on the direct-reading gage). Maintain this load and measure the time untilfailure. Load should be maintained by taking up on the rachetwheel as necessary. The total time until failure shall not includethe 3-min run-in.10.6 Failure is in
48、dicated by a torque rise of 10 in.lbf (1.13Nm) above the steady-state value, or breakage of the shear pin.The test shall be continued until one of the above failurecriteria is attained. If the optional automatic cutoff, torquerecorder, and timer (6.1.2) is used, set the cutoff point to 10FIG. 4 Sche
49、matic Drawing of Calibration Accessories for FalexPin and Vee Block Test MachineD 2625 94 (2003)4in.lbf (1.13 Nm) above the initial steady state torque. Whenthis preset torque is reached, the machine will shut off and thetime of test may be read from the torque recorder tracer (Fig.5).10.7 Four runs shall constitute a test.11. Procedure B11.1 Repeat the cleaning and set-up procedures outlined inSection 8 and 10.1-10.3.11.2 Start the motor and engage the automatic loadingratchet until a gage load of 300 lbf (1330 N) (approximately265 lbf (1
