1、Designation: D 2670 95 (Reapproved 2004)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasuring Wear Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pinand Vee Block Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2670; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、foriginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department
3、 of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for making apreliminary evaluation of the wear properties of fluid lubricantsby means of the Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant TestMachine.NOTE 1Certain fluid lubricants may require different test parametersdepending upon their performance
4、characteristics.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this s
5、tandard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 16 Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar, andShapes for Use in Screw Machines3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Ter
6、ms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 actual gage load, nthe value obtained from the gagewhile running the test and before any corrections are made.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe gage reading is irrespective of theparticular gage used, and corrections are made by comparisonto a standard reference.3.1.2 direct l
7、oad, nthe load that is applied linearly,bisecting the angle of the vee block corrected to either the 800lbf or 3000 lbf gage reference.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis load is equivalent to the true loadtimes the cos 42.3.1.3 true load, nthe sum of the applied forces normal tothe tangents of contact between t
8、he faces of one vee block andthe journal pin corrected to the 4500 lbf gage reference line.3.1.4 wear teeth, na measurement of wear, which in thistest, is based on the number of ratchet wheel teeth advancedduring the test while maintaining load.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe number of teeth is directly relat
9、edto the total wear (inches).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test consists of running a rotating steel journalagainst two stationary steel V-blocks immersed in the lubricantsample. Load is applied to the V-blocks and maintained by aratchet mechanism. Wear is determined and recorded as thenumber of
10、teeth of the ratchet mechanism advanced to maintainload constant during the prescribed testing time.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method may be used to determine wearobtained with fluid lubricants under the prescribed test condi-tions. The user of this test method should determine to his orhe
11、r own satisfaction whether results of this test procedurecorrelate with field performance or other bench test machines.If the test conditions are changed, wear values may change andrelative ratings of fluids may be different.6. Apparatus6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant Test Machine,3illustrated
12、 in Figs. 1-3.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Required for Calibration of Load Gage:7.1.1 Allen Screw, with attached 10-mm Brinell ball.41This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.L0 onIndustrial
13、Lubricants.This test method was prepared under the joint sponsorship of the AmericanSociety of Lubrication Engineers. Accepted by ASLE in May 1967.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 2670 95 (1999).2F
14、or referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine available from Falex
15、Corp., 1020Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554 has been found satisfactory for this purpose. Anew model of this machine has been available since 1983. Certain operatingprocedures are different for this new model. Consult the instruction manual ofmachine for this information.4Available from Falex Corp
16、., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.1.2 Back-Up Plug.47.1.3 Standard Test Coupon,4soft, annealed copper, HB 37to 39.7.1.4 Brinell Microscope, or equivalent,7.1.5 Timer, graduat
17、ed in seconds and minutes, and7.1.6 Rule, steel, 6-in. (approximately 150-mm) long.7.2 Required for Test:47.2.1 Standard Coined V-Blocks,496 6 1 angle, AISIC-1137 steel HRC 20 to 24, surface finish 5 to 10 in.(1.3 3 107to 2.5 3 107m), rms,7.2.2 Standard Test Journals,414-in. (6.35-mm) outsidediamete
18、r by 114-in. (31.75-mm) long,AISI 3135 steel, HRB 87to 91 on a ground flat surface, surface finish 5 to 10 in.,(1.3 3 107to 2.5 3 107m), rms,7.2.3 Locking Pins,412 H brass, conforming to Specifica-tion B16.7.2.4 Timer, graduated in seconds and minutes.7.2.5 Solvent, safe, nonfilming, nonchlorinated.
19、NOTE 2Petroleum distillate and benzene, formerly used as solvents inthis test method, have been eliminated due to possible toxic effects. Eachuser should select a solvent that can meet applicable safety standards andstill thoroughly clean the parts.8. Calibration of Load Gages8.1 Apparatus with 800-
20、lb or 3000-lb Gage:8.1.1 Remove the Allen set screw and12 in. (12.70-mm)ball from the left jaw socket (Fig. 4).8.1.2 Insert the specialAllen screw with the attached 10-mmBrinell ball into the working face of the left jaw.Adjust so thatball projects about532 (approximately 4 mm) from face of jaw.8.1.
21、3 Insert the back-up plug in the counterbore of theright-hand jaw. Adjust so that the plug projects about132 in.(approximately 0.8 mm) from the face.8.1.4 Support the standard test coupon so that the upperedge of the coupon is about332 in. (approximately 2.5 mm)below the upper surface of the jaws. P
22、lace a steel rule acrossthe face of the jaws. Adjust the Allen screw with the attached10-mm ball until the face of the jaws are parallel to the steelrule with the test coupon in position for indentation.8.1.5 With the test coupon in position for the first impres-sion, place the load gage assembly on
23、 the lever arms.8.1.6 Place the loading arm on the ratchet wheel and actuatethe motor. Allow the motor to run until the load gage indicatesa load of 200 lb. A slight takeup on the ratchet wheel isrequired to hold the load due to the ball sinking into the testcoupon. After a 200-lb load is obtained,
24、hold for 1 min for theindentation to form.8.1.7 Turn off the machine and back off the load until thetest coupon is free from the jaws. Advance the test couponapproximately38 in. (approximately 9.5 mm) (additionalindentations should be separated by a minimum distance of2.5 3 the diameter of the initi
25、al indentation). Check thealignment of the jaws, and repeat the procedure described in8.1.6 at gage loads of 400, 600, and 800 lb when using an800-lb gage. If a 3000-lb gage is used, check at 800, 1500, and2500 lb.8.1.8 Remove the load gage assembly and test coupon andmeasure the diameter of each in
26、dentation to 0.01 mm with amicroscope. Make three measurements of the indentationdiameter, rotating the test coupon to ensure that no twomeasurements represent the same points. Average the threemeasurements of each impression and record.FIG. 1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test MachineFIG. 2 Falex Digital
27、 Pin and Vee Block Test MachineFIG. 3 Exploded View of V-Blocks and Journal Arrangement,Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant Test MachineD 2670 95 (2004)28.1.9 Plot the four impression readings versus gage loadreadings on log-log paper (K and E 467080 or equivalent).From the plot determine the gage loa
28、d reading correspondingto an impression diameter of 3.30 mm.Typically, this gage loadreading will be about 700 lb. This gage load shall be used inSection 12. A typical plot of impression diameter versus gagereadings is shown in Fig. 5.8.2 Apparatus with 4500-lb GageUse the same procedureas with 800-
29、lb gage, above, except obtain impressions at gagereadings of 300, 500, 750, and 1000 lb. Plot the impressionreadings and determine the gage load corresponding to animpression diameter of 3.30 mm. Typically, this gage loadreading will be about 900 lb.This gage load shall be used in theprocedure, (Sec
30、tion 13). Fig. 4 includes a typical plot ofimpression diameter versus gage readings for the 4500-lb gage.9. Test Standards Check9.1 Prepare a blend containing 0.10 weight % of sulfur,5precipitated powder, USP, and 99.90 weight percent whitemineral oil,6USP, having a viscosity at 100F (37.8C) of 340t
31、o 390 SUS (73.4 to 84.2 cSt). Heat the blend, in a glass beaker,to 240 to 250F (116 to 121C) and stir (glass stirrer) for 15min. Designate this mixture as Blend A.9.2 Prepare, similarly, a blend containing 0.20 weight % ofsulfur and 99.80 weight % of white mineral oil. Designate thismixture as Blend
32、 B.9.3 Refer to Section 8 for recommended use of thesestandards.10. Apparatus and Testing Check10.1 The purpose of this check is to establish that theapparatus is in satisfactory condition and that the test is beingrun in conformance to the procedure covered in Section 13. Forsuch check purposes the
33、 fluid standards covered in Section 9should be used (Note 3). The average of triplicate runs on thefluid standards should fall within the following limits (Note 4):BlendTotal Teeth Wear, avg.of triplicate runsA 36to71B 101 to 127Repeatability of test data should conform to precision limitsset forth
34、in Section 15.NOTE 3Three commercial cutting oils were initially chosen as refer-ence fluid standards. These were replaced by the specified white oil-sulfurblends because of greater availability, uniformity, and purity. Results ofthe cooperative tests on the cutting oils are covered in Appendix X1.N
35、OTE 4These limits were derived from data in Appendix X1. Thelimits shown for Blend A are the minimum and maximum averagesobtained in the Series 2 tests. Essentially the same averages were obtainedin the Series 1 and 3 tests.The limits shown for Blend B are the minimum and maximum averagesobtained in
36、 the Series 1 tests. Essentially the same averages were obtainedin the Series 3 tests.11. Test Conditions11.1 The test shall be conducted under the following con-ditions (Note 5):Oil temperature at start of test 75 6 10F (24 6 3C)Speed 290 6 10 rpmGage load corresponding to 3.30-mm diameter im-press
37、ion on standard test couponDuration of test 15 min 6 5sNOTE 5Although the test can be run under other test conditions, theprecision limits described in Section 14 apply only to tests conductedunder the conditions shown above and the procedure specified in Section13.5Sulfur, so specified, from J. T.
38、Baker Chemical Co. has been found satisfactory.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.6Available from most
39、 petroleum refining companies. Also available from mostdrug stores, typically labeled White Mineral Oil Extra Heavy. See Table X1.1 forspecific products found satisfactory in cooperative test work.FIG. 4 Schematic Drawing of Calibration Accessories for Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant Test MachineD
40、 2670 95 (2004)312. Preparation of Apparatus12.1 Thoroughly clean the V-blocks, test journals, lubricantcup, and supports for V-blocks and test journals by washingwith the solvent selected in 7.2.5. Dry the V-blocks, testjournals, lubricant cup, and supports, by allowing the solvent toevaporate in a
41、ir.12.2 After cleaning, handle the test pieces with care toprevent contamination. Particularly, avoid contact of fingerswith mating surfaces of V-blocks and test journals.13. Procedure13.1 Insert the test journal in the test shaft and secure witha new brass locking pin, as shown in Figs. 1-3.13.2 In
42、sert the V-blocks into the recesses of the loadingdevice and swing the V-blocks inward to contact the journal sothat the V-grooves are aligned with the journal major axis, asshown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.13.3 Place 60 mL of test lubricant in the lubricant cup andraise the cup so that the V-blocks are i
43、mmersed in the testlubricant.13.4 Place the automatic loading device with attached gage,on the jaw arms.13.5 Remove slack from assembly by moving the ratchetwheel by hand.At this setting the torque gage should read zero,or be adjusted to read zero.13.6 Actuate the motor, engage the automatic loading
44、ratchet and increase the gage load to 250 lb if the 800 or3000-lb gage is used, or 350 lb if the 4500-lb gage is used.Disengage the loading ratchet, start the timer, and allow themachine to run at this loading for a 5-min break-in period.13.7 Re-engage the automatic loading ratchet and leave itengag
45、ed until the gage load corresponding to 3.30-mm diam-eter indentation on the standard test coupon (7.1 and 7.2)isreached (Note 6). When this gage load is reached, disengagethe loading device, start the time, and record the gear toothnumber (Note 7). Run the test for 15 min, maintaining the loadat ne
46、ar constant during the test by taking up the load, by meansof the ratchet wheel, whenever wear causes a drop in load of 5lb on the 800-lb gage or 50 lb on the 4500-lb gage. After 15min running at the test load, reduce the load by 100 lb on thegage and then return to the test load, by means of the ra
47、tchetwheel. Scribe the ratchet wheel, determine and record the totalteeth wear. Stop the motor.FIG. 5 Typical Curves of Gage Load Readings versus Impression Diameter, Using 800, 3000 and 4500-lb Gages and BHN 37 to 39Standard Test CouponsD 2670 95 (2004)4NOTE 6With lubricants having relatively low l
48、oad-carrying proper-ties, such as non-additive petroleum oils, seizure of the V-blocks andjournal will occur at the test load. Discontinue test if seizure occurs. Testconditions should be altered.NOTE 7The gear tooth number is conveniently located by scribing thealuminum ratchet wheel by laying a pe
49、ncil across the loading arms. Thedifference between the gear tooth number at the start of the test and thegear tooth number at the end of the test gives the total teeth wear.14. Report14.1 Report seizure if V-block and journal seize at test load.14.2 Report total teeth wear for test completing the pre-scribed test time.15. Precision and Bias715.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results (95 % confidence) (Note 8):15.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successivetest results, obtained by the same operat
