1、Designation: D2670 95 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Wear Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pinand Vee Block Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2670; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 Thi
3、s test method covers a procedure for making apreliminary evaluation of the wear properties of fluid lubricantsby means of the Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant TestMachine.NOTE 1Certain fluid lubricants may require different test parametersdepending upon their performance characteristics.1.2 The val
4、ues stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5、priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B16/B16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Barand Shapes for Use in Screw Machines3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stan
6、dard:3.1.1 actual gauge load, nthe value obtained from thegauge while running the test and before any corrections aremade.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe gauge reading is irrespective of theparticular gauge used, and corrections are made by comparisonto a standard reference.3.1.2 direct load, nthe load that i
7、s applied linearly, bisect-ing the angle of the vee block corrected to either the 800 lbf or3000 lbf gauge reference.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis load is equivalent to the true loadtimes the cos 42.3.1.3 true load, nthe sum of the applied forces normal tothe tangents of contact between the faces of one ve
8、e block andthe journal pin corrected to the 4500 lbf gauge reference line.3.1.4 wear teeth, na measurement of wear, which in thistest, is based on the number of ratchet wheel teeth advancedduring the test while maintaining load.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe number of teeth is directly relatedto the total we
9、ar (inches).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test consists of running a rotating steel journalagainst two stationary steel V-blocks immersed in the lubricantsample. Load is applied to the V-blocks and maintained by aratchet mechanism. Wear is determined and recorded as thenumber of teeth of the ratc
10、het mechanism advanced to maintainload constant during the prescribed testing time.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method may be used to determine wearobtained with fluid lubricants under the prescribed test condi-tions. The user of this test method should determine to his orher own satisfactio
11、n whether results of this test procedurecorrelate with field performance or other bench test machines.If the test conditions are changed, wear values may change andrelative ratings of fluids may be different.6. Apparatus6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant Test Machine,3illustrated in Figs. 1-3.1Th
12、is test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates.This test method was prepared under the joint sponsorship of the Amer
13、icanSociety of Lubrication Engineers. Accepted by ASLE in May 1967.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2670 95 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/D2670-95R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, ww
14、w.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine available from Falex Corp., 1020Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554 has been f
15、ound satisfactory for this purpose. Anew model of this machine has been available since 1983. Certain operatingprocedures are different for this new model. Consult the instruction manual ofmachine for this information.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
16、n, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Reagents and Materials7.1 Required for Calibration of Load Gauge:7.1.1 Allen Screw, with attached 10 mm Brinell ball.47.1.2 Back-Up Plug.47.1.3 Standard Test Coupon,4soft, annealed copper, HB 37to 39.7.1.4 Brinell Microscope, or equivalent,7.1.5 Timer, graduated in
17、 seconds and minutes, and7.1.6 Rule, steel, 6 in. (approximately 150 mm) long.7.2 Required for Test:47.2.1 Standard Coined V-Blocks,496 6 1 angle, AISIC-1137 steel HRC 20 to 24, surface finish 5 in. to 10 in.(1.3 107to 2.5 107m), rms,7.2.2 Standard Test Journals,414 in. (6.35 mm) outsidediameter by
18、114 in. (31.75 mm) long,AISI 3135 steel, HRB 87to 91 on a ground flat surface, surface finish 5 in. to 10 in.,(1.3 107to 2.5 107m), rms,7.2.3 Locking Pins,412 H brass, conforming to Specifica-tion B16/B16M.7.2.4 Timer, graduated in seconds and minutes.7.2.5 Solvent, safe, nonfilming, nonchlorinated.
19、NOTE 2Petroleum distillate and benzene, formerly used as solvents inthis test method, have been eliminated due to possible toxic effects. Eachuser should select a solvent that can meet applicable safety standards andstill thoroughly clean the parts.8. Calibration of Load Gauges8.1 Apparatus with 800
20、 lb or 3000 lb Gauge:8.1.1 Remove theAllen set screw and12 in. (12.70 mm) ballfrom the left jaw socket (Fig. 4).8.1.2 Insert the specialAllen screw with the attached 10 mmBrinell ball into the working face of the left jaw.Adjust so thatball projects about532 (approximately 4 mm) from face of jaw.8.1
21、.3 Insert the back-up plug in the counterbore of theright-hand jaw. Adjust so that the plug projects about132 in.(approximately 0.8 mm) from the face.8.1.4 Support the standard test coupon so that the upperedge of the coupon is about332 in. (approximately 2.5 mm)below the upper surface of the jaws.
22、Place a steel rule acrossthe face of the jaws. Adjust the Allen screw with the attached10 mm ball until the face of the jaws are parallel to the steelrule with the test coupon in position for indentation.8.1.5 With the test coupon in position for the firstimpression, place the load gauge assembly on
23、 the lever arms.8.1.6 Place the loading arm on the ratchet wheel and actuatethe motor.Allow the motor to run until the load gauge indicatesa load of 200 lb. A slight takeup on the ratchet wheel isrequired to hold the load due to the ball sinking into the testcoupon. After a 200 lb load is obtained,
24、hold for 1 min for theindentation to form.8.1.7 Turn off the machine and back off the load until thetest coupon is free from the jaws. Advance the test couponapproximately38 in. (approximately 9.5 mm) (additional in-dentations should be separated by a minimum distance of2.5 the diameter of the initi
25、al indentation). Check the align-ment of the jaws, and repeat the procedure described in 8.1.6 at4Available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.FIG. 1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test MachineFIG. 2 Falex Digital Pin and Vee Block Test MachineFIG. 3 Exploded View of V-Blocks and Jou
26、rnal Arrangement,Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant Test MachineD2670 95 (2016)2gauge loads of 400 lb, 600 lb, and 800 lb when using an 800 lbgauge. If a 3000 lb gauge is used, check at 800 lb, 1500 lb, and2500 lb.8.1.8 Remove the load gauge assembly and test coupon andmeasure the diameter of each in
27、dentation to 0.01 mm with amicroscope. Make three measurements of the indentationdiameter, rotating the test coupon to ensure that no twomeasurements represent the same points. Average the threemeasurements of each impression and record.8.1.9 Plot the four impression readings versus gauge loadreadin
28、gs on log-log paper (K and E 467080 or equivalent).From the plot determine the gauge load reading correspondingto an impression diameter of 3.30 mm. Typically, this gaugeload reading will be about 700 lb.This gauge load shall be usedin Section 12. A typical plot of impression diameter versusgauge re
29、adings is shown in Fig. 5.8.2 Apparatus with 4500 lb GaugeUse the same proce-dure as with 800 lb gauge, above, except obtain impressions atgauge readings of 300 lb, 500 lb, 750 lb, and 1000 lb. Plot theimpression readings and determine the gauge load correspond-ing to an impression diameter of 3.30
30、mm. Typically, thisgauge load reading will be about 900 lb. This gauge load shallbe used in the procedure, (Section 13). Fig. 4 includes a typicalplot of impression diameter versus gauge readings for the4500 lb gauge.9. Test Standards Check9.1 Prepare a blend containing 0.10 weight % of sulfur,5prec
31、ipitated powder, USP, and 99.90 weight percent whitemineral oil,6USP, having a viscosity at 100 F (37.8 C) of 340to 390 SUS (73.4 to 84.2 cSt). Heat the blend, in a glass beaker,to 240 F to 250 F (116 C to 121 C) and stir (glass stirrer)for 15 min. Designate this mixture as Blend A.9.2 Prepare, simi
32、larly, a blend containing 0.20 weight % ofsulfur and 99.80 weight % of white mineral oil. Designate thismixture as Blend B.9.3 Refer to Section 8 for recommended use of thesestandards.10. Apparatus and Testing Check10.1 The purpose of this check is to establish that theapparatus is in satisfactory c
33、ondition and that the test is beingrun in conformance to the procedure covered in Section 13. Forsuch check purposes the fluid standards covered in Section 9should be used (Note 3). The average of triplicate runs on thefluid standards should fall within the following limits (Note 4):BlendTotal Teeth
34、 Wear, avg.of triplicate runsA 36to71B 101 to 127Repeatability of test data should conform to precision limitsset forth in Section 15.NOTE 3Three commercial cutting oils were initially chosen asreference fluid standards. These were replaced by the specified whiteoil-sulfur blends because of greater
35、availability, uniformity, and purity.Results of the cooperative tests on the cutting oils are covered in AppendixX1.NOTE 4These limits were derived from data in Appendix X1. Thelimits shown for Blend A are the minimum and maximum averages5Sulfur, so specified, from J. T. Baker Chemical Co. has been
36、found satisfactory.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.6Available from most petroleum refining companie
37、s. Also available from mostdrug stores, typically labeled White Mineral Oil Extra Heavy. See Table X1.1 forspecific products found satisfactory in cooperative test work.FIG. 4 Schematic Drawing of Calibration Accessories for Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant Test MachineD2670 95 (2016)3obtained in t
38、he Series 2 tests. Essentially the same averages were obtainedin the Series 1 and 3 tests.The limits shown for Blend B are the minimum and maximum averagesobtained in the Series 1 tests. Essentially the same averages were obtainedin the Series 3 tests.11. Test Conditions11.1 The test shall be conduc
39、ted under the following con-ditions (Note 5):Oil temperature at start of test 75 F 10 F (24 C 3 C)Speed 290 r min 10 r minmGauge load corresponding to 3.30 mm diameterimpression on standard test couponDuration of test 15 min 5 sNOTE 5Although the test can be run under other test conditions, thepreci
40、sion limits described in Section 14 apply only to tests conductedunder the conditions shown above and the procedure specified in Section13.12. Preparation of Apparatus12.1 Thoroughly clean the V-blocks, test journals, lubricantcup, and supports for V-blocks and test journals by washingwith the solve
41、nt selected in 7.2.5. Dry the V-blocks, testjournals, lubricant cup, and supports, by allowing the solvent toevaporate in air.12.2 After cleaning, handle the test pieces with care toprevent contamination. Particularly, avoid contact of fingerswith mating surfaces of V-blocks and test journals.13. Pr
42、ocedure13.1 Insert the test journal in the test shaft and secure witha new brass locking pin, as shown in Figs. 1-3.13.2 Insert the V-blocks into the recesses of the loadingdevice and swing the V-blocks inward to contact the journal sothat the V-grooves are aligned with the journal major axis, assho
43、wn in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.13.3 Place 60 mL of test lubricant in the lubricant cup andraise the cup so that the V-blocks are immersed in the testlubricant.13.4 Place the automatic loading device with attachedgauge, on the jaw arms.13.5 Remove slack from assembly by moving the ratchetwheel by hand. At t
44、his setting the torque gauge should readzero, or be adjusted to read zero.13.6 Actuate the motor, engage the automatic loadingratchet and increase the gauge load to 250 lb if the 800 lb orFIG. 5 Typical Curves of Gauge Load Readings versus Impression Diameter, Using 800 lb, 3000 lb, and 4500 lb Gaug
45、es and BHN 37 to39 Standard Test CouponsD2670 95 (2016)43000 lb gauge is used, or 350 lb if the 4500 lb gauge is used.Disengage the loading ratchet, start the timer, and allow themachine to run at this loading for a 5 min break-in period.13.7 Re-engage the automatic loading ratchet and leave itengag
46、ed until the gauge load corresponding to 3.30 mmdiameter indentation on the standard test coupon (7.1 and 7.2)is reached (Note 6). When this gauge load is reached, disen-gage the loading device, start the time, and record the geartooth number (Note 7). Run the test for 15 min, maintaining theload at
47、 near constant during the test by taking up the load, bymeans of the ratchet wheel, whenever wear causes a drop inload of 5 lb on the 800 lb gauge or 50 lb on the 4500 lb gauge.After 15 min running at the test load, reduce the load by 100 lbon the gauge and then return to the test load, by means of
48、theratchet wheel. Scribe the ratchet wheel, determine and recordthe total teeth wear. Stop the motor.NOTE 6With lubricants having relatively low load-carryingproperties, such as non-additive petroleum oils, seizure of the V-blocksand journal will occur at the test load. Discontinue test if seizure o
49、ccurs.Test conditions should be altered.NOTE 7The gear tooth number is conveniently located by scribing thealuminum ratchet wheel by laying a pencil across the loading arms. Thedifference between the gear tooth number at the start of the test and thegear tooth number at the end of the test gives the total teeth wear.14. Report14.1 Report seizure if V-block and journal seize at test load.14.2 Report total teeth wear for test completing the pre-scribed test time.15. Precision and Bias715.1 The following criteria shou
