1、Designation: D2720 94 (Reapproved 2012)1Standard Practice forCalculation of Commercial Weight and Yield of ScouredWool, Top, and Noil for Various Commercial Compositions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2720; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofo
2、riginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe terminology section was updated in July 2012.1. Scope1.1 This p
3、ractice includes, in Table 1, the commercialcomposition corresponding to different commercial designa-tions for scoured wool, wool top, and wool noil, all of whichcontain, in addition to wool base, various percentages ofmoisture, material extractable with alcohol, and mineral matter.1.2 This practic
4、e includes directions for the calculation ofthe commercial weight of wool corresponding to differentcommercial designations for several forms of wool, and forconverting the commercial weight (mass) calculated on onebasis to the commercial weight calculated on a different basis.1.3 This practice also
5、 includes directions for calculating theyield, on various commercial designation bases, obtained byprocessing raw wool, and for converting the yield calculated onone commercial designation basis to the yield on anothercommercial designation basis.NOTE 1Because of trade practice the term “weight” is
6、used in thispractice instead of the technically correct term “mass”.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the a
7、pplica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD4845 Terminology Relating to WoolD584 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw WoolLaboratory Scale3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.13, refer to Termi-
8、nology D4845.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:commercial composition, commercial designation, commercialweight, oven dried, vegetable matter base, wool base, yield.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toD123.4. Commercial Compositions of CommerciallyDesigna
9、ted Wool4.1 Significance and UseCommercial scoured wool, top,and clean noil contain, in addition to wool base, varyingpercentages of moisture, oil or fat, other solvent-extractable1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
10、e D13.13 on Wool and Felt.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2720 94(2006).DOI: 10.1520/D2720-94R12E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servi
11、ce at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Commercial Composition of CommerciallyDesignated Scoured Wool, Wool Top, and Wool NoilPercentageWool Base MoistureOtherCompo-nentsASTM Clean Wool Fiber
12、PresentA86.0000 12.0000 2.0000U.S. Customs Absolute Clean ContentB86.0000 12.0000 2.0000IWTO Clean Wool ContentC83.5299 14.5299 1.9402American Oil Combed TopD,E82.4222 13.0435 4.5343American Oil Combed NoilD,E83.4113 12.0000 4.5887American Dry Combed TopD,E84.1454 13.0435 2.8111American Dry Combed N
13、oilD,E85.1552 12.0000 2.8448Bradford Oil Combed TopD,E79.2980 15.9664 4.7356Bradford Oil Combed NoilD,E82.7760 12.2807 4.9433Bradford Dry Combed TopD,E82.6449 15.4334 1.9217Bradford Dry Combed NoilD,E85.7260 12.2807 1.9933IWTO Noble Oil Combed TopC79.2995 15.9664 4.7341IWTO Noble Oil Combed NoilC82.
14、7775 12.2807 4.9418IWTO Noble Dry Combed TopC82.6469 15.4334 1.9197IWTO Noble Dry Combed NoilC85.7281 12.2807 1.9912Schlumberger Oil Combed TopC79.2995 15.9664 4.7341Schlumberger Oil Combed NoilC81.3503 13.7931 4.8566Schlumberger Dry Combed TopC82.6469 15.4334 1.9197Schlumberger Dry Combed NoilC84.2
15、500 13.7931 1.9569AASTM Method D584, Test for Wool Content of Raw Wool, Laboratory Scale.BTariff Schedules of the United States of America (1975), Schedule 3, Part 1,Subpart C, Headnote 1(c).CIWTO Core Test Regulations, 1974, International Wool Textile Organization.DCircular No. 3267, Nov. 10, 1954,
16、 Boston Wool Trade Assn.ECircular No. 4899, Nov. 2, 1967, Boston Wool Trade Assn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.material, mineral matter, and perhaps other impurities. Toestablish a basis for commercial or legal weig
17、hts for thesecommodities, various organizations representing interestedgroups use specific commercial designations, such as CleanWool Fiber Present, for each of which a commercial compo-sition is specified.4.2 A number of commercial designations widely used inthe wool trade are listed in Table 1 wit
18、h their commercialcompositions.5. Commercial Weight of Lots of CommerciallyDesignated Wool5.1 Significance and Use:5.1.1 The observed composition of a lot of wool to which anamed commercial designation is applied, such as a shipmentof American Dry Combed Top, may and usually does differfrom the comm
19、ercial composition, in which case the observedweight of the lot is adjusted to secure the commercial weight.5.1.2 The commercial compositions are used also in calcu-lations to convert the commercial weight of a lot of woolhaving a named commercial designation (for example, Ameri-can Oil Combed Top)
20、to the equivalent commercial weight ona different commercial designation basis (for example, Brad-ford Dry Combed Top).5.2 Calculation of Commercial Weight To adjust theobserved weight of a lot of wool to which a named commercialdesignation is applied to its commercial weight, determine thecompositi
21、on of the lot of wool at the time of weighing and useEq 1:W 5 O 3 b/B! (1)where:W = commercial weight of the lot,O = observed weight of the lot,B = percentage of wool base specified in the applicablecommercial composition (Table 1), andb = observed wool base content, as a percentage of theobserved w
22、eight of the lot.5.3 Conversion of Commercial Weights To convert thecommercial weight of a lot of wool (5.2) from one commercialdesignation basis to another, use Eq 2:W25 W13 B1/B2(2)where:W1,W2= commercial weights of a lot of wool on thebases of commercial designations 1 and 2,respectively, andB1,B
23、2= percentages of wool base specified in the com-mercial compositions for commercial designa-tions 1 and 2, respectively (Table 1).Example 1The commercial weight of a lot of Bradford OilCombed Top is 16 249 lb. What is the equivalent commercialweight of the lot in terms of American Oil Combed Top?Eq
24、uivalent commercial weight of American Oil Combed Top,lb= 16 249 3 79.2980/82.4222= 15 6336. Estimated Yield6.1 Significance and Use:6.1.1 The U.S. Customs duty on a lot of imported raw wool,and commercial transactions, are based on the total commercialweight of wool in one or more named commerciall
25、y designatedforms which is expected to be obtained when the lot of rawwool is processed in a specified manner. The expected yield isoften estimated visually by experts. A growing practice is tobase the estimate on the observed content of wool base in thelot, with a specified allowance for that porti
26、on of the wool basecontent not expected to be recovered in one of the designatedforms, and on specified proportions for the weights of woolbase in the several forms of wool included in the estimate ofyield.6.1.2 For commercial purposes it is often necessary toconvert an estimated yield from one comm
27、ercial designationbasis to another. Under certain conditions convenient conver-sion factors may be used for this purpose.6.2 Calculation of Estimated Yield To calculate, from theobserved wool base content of a lot of raw wool, the estimatedyield of wool in one or more forms to which commercialdesign
28、ations are applied, use Eq 3:Y 5 b 2 A!f1/B11 f2/B21 .! 3 100 (3)where:Y = estimated yield of wool in named commer-cially designated forms, as a percentage ofthe observed weight of the raw wool,b = observed wool base content, as a percentageof the observed weight of the raw wool,A = specified allowa
29、nce for the fraction of b thatis not expected to be obtained in one of theforms included in the estimated yield,f1,f2,. = specified fractions of (b A) that are ex-pected to be obtained in forms 1, 2,.,respectively, included in the yield,B1,B2,. = percentages of wool base specified in thecommercial c
30、ompositions for commercialdesignations 1, 2,.,respectively (Table 1).Example 2A lot of raw wool has an observed wool basecontent of b %. What are its estimated American Oil CombedYield (AOCY) and its U.S. Customs Clean Yield (USCCY), ifthe agreed allowance is A % in both cases and the agreed ratioof
31、 the weight of wool base in the form of top to the weight ofwool base in the form of noil is 88 to 12?AOCY, % = 100(bA)(0.88/82.4222 + 0.12/83.4113) = 1.21154(bA)USCCY, % = 100(bA)(1/86) = 1.16279(bA)Express the USCCY in terms of the AOCYUSCCY, % = AOCY, % 3 1.16279(bA)/1.21154(bA) = 0.9598 3 AOCY,
32、%6.2.1 If A in Eq 3 is zero, the calculated value of Y is termedthe Theoretical Commercial Yield, that is, the yield of com-mercially designated products that would be obtained if all thewool base were converted to those products without loss ofwool base.6.3 Factors for Conversion of Estimated Yield
33、s:D2720 94 (2012)126.3.1 The values of f1in Eq 3 are specified constants in eachcommercial yield designation. The allowance, A,inEq3isavariable and not necessarily the same for a given lot of rawwool in all commercial yield designations. When the samevalue for A for a given lot of raw wool is specif
34、ied in a groupor class of commercial yield designations, a factor can be usedto convert the yield at one commercial designation in the groupto the yield at another commercial designation in the group, asshown in Eq 4:Yield new designation!5factor x yield starting designation! (4)6.3.2 Factors for us
35、e in Eq 4 are calculated using Eq 5:factor 5f1.N/B1.N1 f2.N/B2.N1 .!f1.S/B1.S1 f2.S/B2.S1 .!(5)where the general meaning of f1,f2, .andB1,B2. . . are asspecified in 6.2 except that the second part of each subscriptindicates whether the value is for the new or starting commer-cial designation.6.3.3 T
36、he commercial designations for estimated yield andthe factors for their interconversion that are commonly used bythe wool trade in the United States of America are thoserecommended by the Boston Wool Trade Association.3,4Thesecommercial designations and conversion factors are shown inTable 2. They w
37、ere calculated using Eq 5 under the followingspecified conditions:6.3.3.1 The value for f for top is 0.88; for noil, 0.12; for U.S.Customs Clean Yield, 1.0.6.3.3.2 The values of the B1are those tabulated in Table 1for the respective commercial designations.6.3.3.3 The allowance, A, for each of the c
38、ommercialdesignations listed in Table 2 is that calculated using Eq 6(Note 2):A 5 0.005 b 1 0.6 v (6)where:A = allowance, not to exceed 0.15b, as a percentage of theobserved weight of the raw wool,b = observed wool base content as a percentage of theobserved weight of the raw wool, andv = observed v
39、egetable-matter base that was present in thelot of raw wool, as a percentage of the observed weightof the raw wool.Example 3A lot of greasy wool has a U.S. Customs CleanYield of 10 000 lb. Verify and use the factor in Table 2 forestimating the equivalent Bradford Oil Combed Yield.Factor 50.88/79.298
40、0! 1 0.12/82.7760!1/865 1.0790 (7)Yield Bradford Oil Combed!51.0790 3 10 000 5 10 790 lb(8)NOTE 2Eq 6 is the equivalent of the one prescribed by law5for theallowance in calculating U.S. Customs Clean Yield. A different allowancefor estimating combing yields (to which other commercial designationsare
41、 applied) is specified by the International Wool Textile Organization.67. Keywords7.1 commercial mass; wool; yield3Circular No. 3267, Nov. 10, 1954, Boston Wool Trade Assn.4Circular No. 4899, Nov. 2, 1967, Boston Wool Trade Assn., 263 Summer St.,Room 407, Boston, MA 02210.5Tariff Schedules of the Un
42、ited States of America (1975), Schedule 3, Part 1,Subpart C, Headnote 1( c).6IWTO Core Test Regulations (1974), International Wool Textile Organization,International Wool Secretariat, Ilkley, West Yorkshire, U.K., LS298PB.TABLE 2 Wool Yield Conversion FactorsNOTE 1Factors in this table are those gen
43、erally used by the wool trade in the United States of America to convert certain commercially designatedestimated yields from one basis to another.From ToU.S. CustomsClean YieldAAmerican OilCombed YieldAmerican DryCombed YieldBradford OilCombed YieldBBradford DryCombed YieldBU.S. Customs Clean Yield
44、A. 1.0419 1.0206 1.0790 1.0361American Oil Combed Yield 0.9598 . 0.9795 1.0356 0.9944American Dry Combed Yield 0.9798 1.0209 . 1.0573 1.0152Bradford Oil Combed YieldB0.9267 0.9656 0.9458 . 0.9602Bradford Dry Combed YieldB0.9651 1.0056 0.9850 1.0414 .AU.S. Customs Clean Yield = U.S. Customs Absolute
45、Clean Content minus allowance for processing loss.BThese terms should not be confused with the similar commonly used terms “Bradford Oil Combed Top and Noil Yield and“ Bradford Dry Combed Top and Noil Yield.The latter terms are based on estimated processing allowances and a ratio of top to noil that
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