1、Designation: D2786 91 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forHydrocarbon Types Analysis of Gas-Oil Saturates Fractionsby High Ionizing Voltage Mass Spectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2786; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers the determination by highionizing voltage m
3、ass spectrometry of seven saturated hydro-carbon types and one aromatic type in saturate petroleumfractions having average carbon numbers 16 through 32. Thesaturate types include alkanes (0-rings), single-ring naph-thenes, and five fused naphthene types with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6rings. The nonsaturate t
4、ype is monoaromatic. Noncondensednaphthenes are analyzed as single rings. Samples must benonolefinic and must contain less than 5 volume % monoaro-matic. Composition data are in volume percent.1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to beregarded as the standard. The values given in parenth
5、eses areprovided for information purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regu
6、latory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2549 Test Method for Separation of Representative Aro-matics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oilsby Elution ChromatographyD3239 Test Method for Aromatic Types Analysis of Gas-Oil Aromatic Fractions by High Ionizin
7、g Voltage MassSpectrometryE137 Practice for Evaluation of Mass Spectrometers forQuantitative Analysis from a Batch Inlet43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Characteristic Mass Groupings:3.1.1.1( 71 5 71 1 85 1 99 1 113 alkanes!. (1)3.1.1.2( 69 5 69 1 83 1 97 1 111
8、 1 125 1 139 12ring!. (2)3.1.1.3( 109 5 109 1 123 1 137 1 151 1 165 1 179 1 193 22ring!.(3)3.1.1.4( 149 5 149 1 163 1 177 1 191 1 205 1 219 1 233 1 247 32ring!.(4)3.1.1.5( 189 5 189 1 203 1 217 1 231 1 245 1 259 1 273 1 2871 301 42ring!. (5)3.1.1.6( 229 5 229 1 243 1 257 1 271 1 285 1 299 1 313 1 32
9、7 1 3411 355 52ring!. (6)3.1.1.7( 269 5 269 1 283 1 297 1 311 1 325 1 339 1 353 1 367 1 3811 395 1 409 62ring!. (7)3.1.1.8( 91 5 91 1 105 1 117 1 119 1 129 1 131 1 133 1 143 1 1451 147 1 157 1 159 1 171 monoaromatic!. (8)4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The relative abundance of alkanes (0-ring), 1-ring
10、,2-ring, 3-ring, 4-ring, 5-ring, and 6-ring naphthenes in petro-leum saturate fractions is determined by mass spectrometryusing a summation of mass fragment groups most characteris-tic of each molecular type. Calculations are carried out by the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Comm
11、ittee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.04.0M on Mass Spectroscopy.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2786 91 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/D2786-91R11.2
12、Hood, A., and ONeal, M. J., Advances in Mass Spectrometry, AMSPA,Waldron, 1959, p. 175.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summar
13、y page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.use of inverted matrices (derived from ion intensity calibration
14、sensitivities) that are specific for any average carbon number.The saturate fraction is obtained by liquid elution chromatog-raphy, see Test Method D2549.5. Significance and Use5.1 Aknowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of processstreams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 205to 54
15、0C (400 to 1000F) is useful in following the effect ofchanges in process variables, diagnosing the source of plantupsets and in evaluating the effect of changes in compositionon product performance properties.5.2 This test method, when used together with Test MethodD3239, provides a detailed analysi
16、s of the hydrocarbon com-position of such materials.6. Apparatus6.1 Mass SpectrometerThe suitability of the mass spec-trometer to be used with this method shall be proven byperformance tests described both herein and in Practice E137.6.2 Sample Inlet SystemAny inlet system may be usedthat permits th
17、e introduction of the sample without loss,contamination, or change in composition. The system mustfunction in the range from 125 to 350C to provide anappropriate sampling device.6.3 Microburet or Constant-Volume Pipet.7. Reagents7.1 n-Hexadecane.(WarningCombustible. Vapor harm-ful.)8. Calibration8.1
18、 Calibration matrix inverses are attached in Table 1which may be used directly provided the following proceduresare followed.TABLE 1 Calibration Matrix Inverses(71 ( 69 ( 109 ( 149 ( 189 ( 229 ( 269 (91C16Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5344 0.0292 0.0066 0.0215 0.0299 . . 0.01511 Ring 0.0610 0.3403 0.2146
19、 0.1162 0.0362 . . 0.01122 Ring 0.0039 0.0170 0.8491 0.6968 0.3420 . . 0.00483 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 + 0.0115 1.7220 1.3545 . . 0.01524 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0039 0.0138 3.2594 . . 0.0485MA 0.0007 0.0029 0.0237 0.1566 0.3494 . . 0.3521Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6543 0.0358 0.0081 0.0264 0.0366 . . 0.01851 Ring
20、0.0866 0.3416 0.2143 0.1171 0.0377 . . 0.01012 Ring 0.0053 0.0172 0.8492 0.6968 0.3420 . . 0.00463 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0115 1.7220 1.3545 . . 0.01524 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 0.0039 0.0138 3.2594 . . 0.0485MA 0.0001 0.0029 0.0237 0.1565 0.3493 . . 0.3521C17Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5243 0.0311 0.0075 0.02
21、27 0.0322 . . 0.01631 Ring 0.0660 0.3403 0.2130 0.1164 0.0385 . . 0.01212 Ring 0.0038 0.0154 0.8375 0.6826 0.3318 . . 0.00523 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 0.0095 1.6824 1.3111 . . 0.01664 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0039 0.0147 3.1247 . . 0.0527MA 0.0007 0.0027 0.0220 0.1514 0.3331 . . 0.3612Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6435
22、0.0382 0.0092 0.0279 0.0395 . . 0.02001 Ring 0.0942 0.3418 0.2125 0.1176 0.0403 . . 0.01122 Ring 0.0054 0.0155 0.8375 0.6826 0.3319 . . 0.00523 Ring 0.0000 0.0002 0.0090 1.6825 1.3111 . . 0.01664 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 0.0040 0.0147 3.1247 . . 0.0527MA 0.0000 0.0027 0.0220 0.1514 0.3331 . . 0.3612C18Inv
23、ersen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5175 0.0338 0.0085 0.0234 0.0344 . . 0.01781 Ring 0.0720 0.3404 0.2091 0.1183 0.0404 . . 0.01362 Ring 0.0039 0.0138 0.8183 0.6626 0.3213 . . 0.00573 Ring 0.0000 0.0003 0.0062 1.6426 1.2784 . . 0.01794 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0040 0.0158 3.0158 . . 0.0567MA 0.0007 0.0025 0.0206 0.1
24、445 0.3010 . . 0.3677Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6335 0.0414 0.0103 0.0286 0.0422 . . 0.02151 Ring 0.1016 0.3424 0.2086 0.1197 0.0424 . . 0.01262 Ring 0.0054 0.0140 0.8184 0.6626 0.3214 . . 0.00563 Ring 0.0000 0.0003 0.0062 1.6426 1.2784 . . 0.0179D2786 91 (2011)2TABLE 1 Continued(71 ( 69 ( 109 ( 149 ( 189 (
25、 229 ( 269 (914 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 0.0040 0.0158 3.0158 . . 0.0566MA 0.0002 0.0025 0.0206 0.1445 0.3200 . . 0.3677C19Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5109 0.0363 0.0094 0.0202 0.0404 . . 0.01901 Ring 0.0773 0.3396 0.2080 0.1161 0.0413 . . 0.01542 Ring 0.0038 0.0118 0.8076 0.6491 0.3184 . . 0.00613 Ring 0.00
26、00 0.0003 0.0032 1.6068 1.2432 . . 0.01934 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0041 0.0179 2.9192 . . 0.0614MA 0.0008 0.0023 0.0192 0.1369 0.2980 . . 0.3764Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6239 0.0443 0.0115 0.0246 0.0494 . . 0.02321 Ring 0.1079 0.3418 0.2073 0.1173 0.0438 . . 0.01422 Ring 0.0053 0.0120 0.8077 0.6493 0.3184 . .
27、 0.00613 Ring 0.0000 0.0002 0.0030 1.6068 1.2432 . . 0.01934 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0041 0.0179 2.9192 . . 0.0614MA 0.0004 0.0023 0.0192 0.1369 0.2980 . . 0.3764C20Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5099 0.0397 0.0105 0.0183 0.0458 0.0412 . 0.02231 Ring 0.0835 0.3403 0.2066 0.1137 0.0418 0.0375 . 0.01902 Ring 0
28、.0036 0.0097 0.7972 0.6412 0.3106 0.1542 . 0.00003 Ring 0.0000 0.0003 0.0014 1.5634 1.2179 0.5944 . 0.04684 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0012 0.0409 2.7690 1.4656 . 0.00295 Ring 0.0004 0.001 0.0085 0.0630 0.0996 4.2055 . 0.1831MA 0.0008 0.0022 0.0188 0.1382 0.2910 0.4521 . 0.4049Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6188 0.04
29、81 0.0127 0.0222 0.0555 0.0499 . 0.02701 Ring 0.1151 0.3427 0.2059 0.1149 0.0446 0.0350 . 0.01762 Ring 0.0051 0.0098 0.7972 0.6412 0.3107 0.1544 . 0.00013 Ring 0.0001 0.0003 0.0014 1.5634 1.2179 0.5944 . 0.04684 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0012 0.0409 2.7690 1.4656 . 0.00295 Ring 0.0003 0.0010 0.0085 0.063
30、0 0.0996 4.2054 . 0.1831MA 0.0007 0.0022 0.0188 0.1382 0.2910 0.4521 . 0.4049C21Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5077 0.0431 0.0119 0.0195 0.0454 0.0441 . 0.02421 Ring 0.0888 0.3393 0.2025 0.1147 0.0429 0.0334 . 0.02122 Ring 0.0033 0.0074 0.7808 0.6176 0.3082 0.1470 . 0.00033 Ring 0.0001 0.0002 0.0037 1.519
31、2 1.1698 0.5596 . 0.04834 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0014 0.0416 2.6715 1.4243 . 0.00565 Ring 0.0004 0.0009 0.0078 0.0592 0.0898 3.9781 . 0.1851MA 0.0009 0.0020 0.0173 0.1308 0.2717 0.4172 . 0.4123Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6140 0.0522 0.0144 0.0235 0.0550 0.0533 . 0.02921 Ring 0.1216 0.3421 0.2016 0.1158 0.0458
32、0.0305 . 0.01962 Ring 0.0048 0.0076 0.7811 0.6176 0.3082 0.1472 . 0.00013 Ring 0.0001 0.0002 0.0037 1.5192 1.1698 0.5596 . 0.04834 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0014 0.0416 2.6715 1.4232 . 0.00565 Ring 0.0005 0.0009 0.0078 0.0592 0.0893 3.9781 . 0.1851MA 0.0010 0.0020 0.0173 0.1308 0.2717 0.4172 . 0.4123C22I
33、nversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5084 0.0474 0.0133 0.0210 0.0435 0.0484 . 0.02631 Ring 0.0946 0.3397 0.1995 0.1145 0.0440 0.0307 . 0.02402 Ring 0.0030 0.0050 0.7661 0.6016 0.3016 0.1444 . 0.00053 Ring 0.0002 0.0000 0.0072 1.4778 1.1214 0.5559 . 0.05174 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0018 0.0411 2.5629 1.3179 . 0.0117
34、5 Ring 0.0004 0.0008 0.0072 0.0564 0.0829 3.7619 . 0.1890MA 0.0010 0.0018 0.0161 0.1252 0.2574 0.3897 . 0.4237Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6096 0.0568 0.0160 0.0252 0.0521 0.0580 . 0.03161 Ring 0.1267 0.3427 0.1986 0.1158 0.0468 0.0277 . 0.02232 Ring 0.0044 0.0053 0.7662 0.6016 0.3018 0.1445 . 0.00043 Ring 0.
35、0003 0.0000 0.0072 1.4778 1.1213 0.5559 . 0.05174 Ring 0.0001 0.0000 0.0018 0.0411 2.5629 1.3179 . 0.01775 Ring 0.0007 0.0008 0.0072 0.0564 0.0829 3.7619 . 0.1890MA 0.0015 0.0018 0.0161 0.1253 0.2574 0.3897 . 0.4238D2786 91 (2011)3TABLE 1 Continued(71 ( 69 ( 109 ( 149 ( 189 ( 229 ( 269 (91C23Inverse
36、n-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5093 0.0518 0.0153 0.0226 0.0407 0.0521 . 0.02851 Ring 0.1003 0.3404 0.1976 0.1142 0.0446 0.0282 . 0.02692 Ring 0.0024 0.0021 0.7580 0.5880 0.3011 0.1405 . 0.00083 Ring 0.0002 0.0001 0.0103 1.4393 1.0839 0.5414 . 0.05424 Ring 0.0001 0.0000 0.0020 0.0425 2.4806 1.2840 . 0.01495 Ring
37、 0.0005 0.0007 0.0066 0.0539 0.0750 3.6015 . 0.1927MA 0.0011 0.0017 0.0148 0.1189 0.2409 0.3560 . 0.4300Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6093 0.0619 0.0183 0.0270 0.0487 0.0624 . 0.03411 Ring 0.1338 0.3439 0.1965 0.1156 0.0473 0.0248 . 0.02502 Ring 0.0038 0.0023 0.7580 0.5882 0.3013 0.1406 . 0.00083 Ring 0.0004 0
38、.0001 0.0103 1.4393 1.0839 0.5415 . 0.05424 Ring 0.0001 0.0000 0.0020 0.0426 2.4806 1.2840 . 0.01495 Ring 0.0009 0.0007 0.0066 0.0539 0.0750 3.6016 . 0.1927MA 0.0190 0.0016 0.0148 0.1189 0.2410 0.3561 . 0.4300C24Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5105 0.0566 0.0174 0.0249 0.0434 0.0528 0.0372 0.03241 Ring 0.1
39、061 0.3414 0.1960 0.1128 0.0420 0.0288 0.0761 0.03372 Ring 0.0016 0.0011 0.7505 0.5807 0.2908 0.1418 0.0047 0.00113 Ring 0.0003 0.0004 0.0146 1.4098 1.0564 0.5371 0.2987 0.07064 Ring 0.0000 0.0001 0.0014 0.0506 2.3673 1.2328 0.6560 0.00855 Ring 0.0004 0.0005 0.0048 0.0407 0.0457 3.3827 0.9376 0.1544
40、6 Ring 0.0005 0.0006 0.0055 0.0457 0.0911 0.1138 3.9809 0.1763MA 0.0012 0.0015 0.0143 0.1190 0.2369 0.3388 0.4136 0.4594Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6094 0.0675 0.0208 0.0297 0.0518 0.0631 0.0444 0.03971 Ring 0.1403 0.3451 0.1948 0.1145 0.0449 0.0253 0.0736 0.03152 Ring 0.0032 0.0009 0.7506 0.5808 0.2910 0.14
41、20 0.0045 0.00103 Ring 0.0006 0.0004 0.0145 1.4098 1.0564 0.5352 0.2986 0.07064 Ring 0.0000 0.0001 0.0014 0.0506 2.3673 1.2328 0.6560 0.00855 Ring 0.0009 0.0005 0.0048 0.0407 0.0457 3.3828 0.9376 0.15446 Ring 0.0010 0.0005 0.0055 0.0457 0.0911 0.1139 3.9809 0.1764MA 0.0026 0.0014 0.0142 0.1190 0.237
42、0 0.3389 0.4137 0.4595C25Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5132 0.0621 0.0196 0.0262 0.0471 0.0493 0.0383 0.03441 Ring 0.1115 0.3425 0.1930 0.1133 0.0435 0.0302 0.0753 0.03802 Ring 0.0009 0.0040 0.7378 0.5623 0.2821 0.1450 0.0032 0.00053 Ring 0.0005 0.0006 0.0185 1.3763 1.0229 0.5229 0.2858 0.07414 Ring 0.00
43、00 0.0001 0.0019 0.0520 2.2834 1.1777 0.6213 0.00345 Ring 0.0005 0.0005 0.0043 0.0389 0.0409 3.2347 0.8915 0.15776 Ring 0.0005 0.0005 0.0048 0.0424 0.0836 0.1304 3.7174 0.1753MA 0.0013 0.0014 0.0128 0.1125 0.2213 0.3157 0.3738 0.4652Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6096 0.0738 0.0233 0.0311 0.0559 0.0586 0.0455 0
44、.04091 Ring 0.1449 0.3465 0.1918 0.1150 0.0461 0.0256 0.0727 0.03582 Ring 0.0023 0.0039 0.7378 0.5624 0.2821 0.1452 0.0032 0.00053 Ring 0.0008 0.0007 0.0185 1.3762 1.0229 0.5229 0.2857 0.07414 Ring 0.0000 0.0001 0.0019 0.0520 2.2834 1.1777 0.6213 0.00345 Ring 0.0011 0.0004 0.0043 0.0389 0.0410 3.234
45、7 0.8914 0.15786 Ring 0.0012 0.0004 0.0048 0.0424 0.0836 0.1034 3.7175 0.1754MA 0.0032 0.0012 0.0127 0.1126 0.2215 0.3159 0.3740 0.4653C26Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5161 0.0679 0.0225 0.0282 0.0500 0.0496 0.0388 0.03691 Ring 0.1166 0.3429 0.1912 0.1146 0.0445 0.0291 0.0764 0.04252 Ring 0.0003 0.0080 0
46、.7313 0.5486 0.2776 0.1391 0.0096 0.00063 Ring 0.0005 0.0010 0.0225 1.3441 0.9981 0.4986 0.2786 0.07794 Ring 0.0000 0.0001 0.0023 0.0526 2.2145 1.1323 0.5916 0.00145 Ring 0.0005 0.0004 0.0039 0.0372 0.0355 3.0605 0.8433 0.16036 Ring 0.0005 0.0005 0.0044 0.0402 0.0776 0.0914 3.4893 0.1773MA 0.0014 0.
47、0012 0.0118 0.1079 0.2080 0.2883 0.3450 0.4762Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6106 0.0804 0.0267 0.0334 0.0592 0.0586 0.0459 0.04361 Ring 0.1513 0.3475 0.1897 0.1165 0.0479 0.0254 0.0700 0.04012 Ring 0.0012 0.0078 0.7315 0.5487 0.2778 0.1393 0.0100 0.00023 Ring 0.0011 0.0011 0.0225 1.3441 0.9981 0.4986 0.2786 0.07794 Ring 0.0001 0.0001 0.0023 0.0526 2.2145 1.1323 0.5916 0.0014D2786 91 (2011)4TABLE 1 Continued(71 ( 69 ( 109 ( 149 ( 189 ( 229 ( 269 (915 Ring 0.0013 0.0003 0.0039 0.0372 0.0356 3.0606 0.8433 0.16046 Ring 0.0015 0.0003 0.0044 0.0402 0.0777 0.0915 3.4894 0.1774MA 0.0040 0.0009 0.0117
