1、Designation: D2786 91 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forHydrocarbon Types Analysis of Gas-Oil Saturates Fractionsby High Ionizing Voltage Mass Spectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2786; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers the determination by highionizing voltage m
3、ass spectrometry of seven saturated hydro-carbon types and one aromatic type in saturate petroleumfractions having average carbon numbers 16 through 32. Thesaturate types include alkanes (0-rings), single-ringnaphthenes, and five fused naphthene types with 2, 3, 4, 5, and6 rings. The nonsaturate typ
4、e is monoaromatic. Noncondensednaphthenes are analyzed as single rings. Samples must benonolefinic and must contain less than 5 volume % monoaro-matic. Composition data are in volume percent.1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to beregarded as the standard. The values given in parenthes
5、es areprovided for information purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regula
6、tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2549 Test Method for Separation of Representative Aro-matics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oilsby Elution ChromatographyD3239 Test Method for Aromatic Types Analysis of Gas-OilAromatic Fractions by High Ionizing V
7、oltage Mass Spec-trometryE137 Practice for Evaluation of Mass Spectrometers forQuantitative Analysis from a Batch Inlet (Withdrawn1992)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Characteristic Mass Groupings:3.1.1.1(71 5 711851991113 alkanes!. (1)3.1.1.2(69 5 69183197111
8、111251139 1 2 ring!. (2)3.1.1.3(109 5 109112311371151116511791193 2 2 ring!. (3)3.1.1.4(149 5 1491163117711911205121912331247 3 2 ring!.(4)3.1.1.5(189 5 18912031217123112451259127312871301 4 2 ring!. (5)3.1.1.6(229 5 229124312571271128512991313132713411355 5 2 ring!. (6)3.1.1.7(269 5 269128312971311
9、1325133913531367138113951409 6 2 ring!. (7)3.1.1.8(91 5 91110511171119112911311133114311451147115711591171 monoaromatic!. (8)4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The relative abundance of alkanes (0-ring), 1-ring,2-ring, 3-ring, 4-ring, 5-ring, and 6-ring naphthenes in petro-leum saturate fractions is deter
10、mined by mass spectrometry1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0M on Mass Spectroscopy.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyappr
11、oved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2786 91 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D2786-91R16.2Hood, A., and ONeal, M. J., Advances in Mass Spectrometry, AMSPA,Waldron, 1959, p. 175.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceast
12、m.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
13、8-2959. United States1using a summation of mass fragment groups most characteris-tic of each molecular type. Calculations are carried out by theuse of inverted matrices (derived from ion intensity calibrationsensitivities) that are specific for any average carbon number.The saturate fraction is obta
14、ined by liquid elutionchromatography, see Test Method D2549.5. Significance and Use5.1 Aknowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of processstreams and petroleum products boiling within the range of205 C to 540 C (400 F to 1000 F) is useful in following theeffect of changes in process variables, diag
15、nosing the source ofplant upsets and in evaluating the effect of changes in compo-sition on product performance properties.5.2 This test method, when used together with Test MethodD3239, provides a detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon com-position of such materials.6. Apparatus6.1 Mass SpectrometerT
16、he suitability of the mass spec-trometer to be used with this method shall be proven byperformance tests described both herein and in Practice E137.6.2 Sample Inlet SystemAny inlet system may be used thatpermits the introduction of the sample without loss,contamination, or change in composition. The
17、 system mustfunction in the range from 125 C to 350 C to provide anappropriate sampling device.6.3 Microburet or Constant-Volume Pipet.7. Reagents7.1 n-Hexadecane. (WarningCombustible. Vapor harm-ful.)8. Calibration8.1 Calibration matrix inverses are attached in Table 1which may be used directly pro
18、vided the following proceduresare followed.TABLE 1 Calibration Matrix Inverses71 69 109 149 189 229 269 91C16Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5344 0.0292 0.0066 0.0215 0.0299 . . 0.01511 Ring 0.0610 0.3403 0.2146 0.1162 0.0362 . . 0.01122 Ring 0.0039 0.0170 0.8491 0.6968 0.3420 . . 0.00483 Ring 0.0000 0.000
19、4 + 0.0115 1.7220 1.3545 . . 0.01524 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0039 0.0138 3.2594 . . 0.0485MA 0.0007 0.0029 0.0237 0.1566 0.3494 . . 0.3521Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6543 0.0358 0.0081 0.0264 0.0366 . . 0.01851 Ring 0.0866 0.3416 0.2143 0.1171 0.0377 . . 0.01012 Ring 0.0053 0.0172 0.8492 0.6968 0.3420 . . 0.004
20、63 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0115 1.7220 1.3545 . . 0.01524 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 0.0039 0.0138 3.2594 . . 0.0485MA 0.0001 0.0029 0.0237 0.1565 0.3493 . . 0.3521C17Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5243 0.0311 0.0075 0.0227 0.0322 . . 0.01631 Ring 0.0660 0.3403 0.2130 0.1164 0.0385 . . 0.01212 Ring 0.0038 0.0154 0.8
21、375 0.6826 0.3318 . . 0.00523 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 0.0095 1.6824 1.3111 . . 0.01664 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0039 0.0147 3.1247 . . 0.0527MA 0.0007 0.0027 0.0220 0.1514 0.3331 . . 0.3612Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6435 0.0382 0.0092 0.0279 0.0395 . . 0.02001 Ring 0.0942 0.3418 0.2125 0.1176 0.0403 . . 0.01122 Ring
22、 0.0054 0.0155 0.8375 0.6826 0.3319 . . 0.00523 Ring 0.0000 0.0002 0.0090 1.6825 1.3111 . . 0.01664 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 0.0040 0.0147 3.1247 . . 0.0527MA 0.0000 0.0027 0.0220 0.1514 0.3331 . . 0.3612C18Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5175 0.0338 0.0085 0.0234 0.0344 . . 0.01781 Ring 0.0720 0.3404 0.2091 0.1
23、183 0.0404 . . 0.01362 Ring 0.0039 0.0138 0.8183 0.6626 0.3213 . . 0.00573 Ring 0.0000 0.0003 0.0062 1.6426 1.2784 . . 0.01794 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0040 0.0158 3.0158 . . 0.0567MA 0.0007 0.0025 0.0206 0.1445 0.3010 . . 0.3677Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6335 0.0414 0.0103 0.0286 0.0422 . . 0.02151 Ring 0.1016
24、 0.3424 0.2086 0.1197 0.0424 . . 0.01262 Ring 0.0054 0.0140 0.8184 0.6626 0.3214 . . 0.00563 Ring 0.0000 0.0003 0.0062 1.6426 1.2784 . . 0.01794 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 0.0040 0.0158 3.0158 . . 0.0566D2786 91 (2016)2TABLE 1 Continued71 69 109 149 189 229 269 91MA 0.0002 0.0025 0.0206 0.1445 0.3200 . . 0.
25、3677C19Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5109 0.0363 0.0094 0.0202 0.0404 . . 0.01901 Ring 0.0773 0.3396 0.2080 0.1161 0.0413 . . 0.01542 Ring 0.0038 0.0118 0.8076 0.6491 0.3184 . . 0.00613 Ring 0.0000 0.0003 0.0032 1.6068 1.2432 . . 0.01934 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0041 0.0179 2.9192 . . 0.0614MA 0.0008 0.0023
26、0.0192 0.1369 0.2980 . . 0.3764Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6239 0.0443 0.0115 0.0246 0.0494 . . 0.02321 Ring 0.1079 0.3418 0.2073 0.1173 0.0438 . . 0.01422 Ring 0.0053 0.0120 0.8077 0.6493 0.3184 . . 0.00613 Ring 0.0000 0.0002 0.0030 1.6068 1.2432 . . 0.01934 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0041 0.0179 2.9192 . . 0.061
27、4MA 0.0004 0.0023 0.0192 0.1369 0.2980 . . 0.3764C20Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5099 0.0397 0.0105 0.0183 0.0458 0.0412 . 0.02231 Ring 0.0835 0.3403 0.2066 0.1137 0.0418 0.0375 . 0.01902 Ring 0.0036 0.0097 0.7972 0.6412 0.3106 0.1542 . 0.00003 Ring 0.0000 0.0003 0.0014 1.5634 1.2179 0.5944 . 0.04684 Ri
28、ng 0.0000 0.0000 0.0012 0.0409 2.7690 1.4656 . 0.00295 Ring 0.0004 0.001 0.0085 0.0630 0.0996 4.2055 . 0.1831MA 0.0008 0.0022 0.0188 0.1382 0.2910 0.4521 . 0.4049Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6188 0.0481 0.0127 0.0222 0.0555 0.0499 . 0.02701 Ring 0.1151 0.3427 0.2059 0.1149 0.0446 0.0350 . 0.01762 Ring 0.0051
29、0.0098 0.7972 0.6412 0.3107 0.1544 . 0.00013 Ring 0.0001 0.0003 0.0014 1.5634 1.2179 0.5944 . 0.04684 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0012 0.0409 2.7690 1.4656 . 0.00295 Ring 0.0003 0.0010 0.0085 0.0630 0.0996 4.2054 . 0.1831MA 0.0007 0.0022 0.0188 0.1382 0.2910 0.4521 . 0.4049C21Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5077
30、0.0431 0.0119 0.0195 0.0454 0.0441 . 0.02421 Ring 0.0888 0.3393 0.2025 0.1147 0.0429 0.0334 . 0.02122 Ring 0.0033 0.0074 0.7808 0.6176 0.3082 0.1470 . 0.00033 Ring 0.0001 0.0002 0.0037 1.5192 1.1698 0.5596 . 0.04834 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0014 0.0416 2.6715 1.4243 . 0.00565 Ring 0.0004 0.0009 0.0078 0
31、.0592 0.0898 3.9781 . 0.1851MA 0.0009 0.0020 0.0173 0.1308 0.2717 0.4172 . 0.4123Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6140 0.0522 0.0144 0.0235 0.0550 0.0533 . 0.02921 Ring 0.1216 0.3421 0.2016 0.1158 0.0458 0.0305 . 0.01962 Ring 0.0048 0.0076 0.7811 0.6176 0.3082 0.1472 . 0.00013 Ring 0.0001 0.0002 0.0037 1.5192 1.1
32、698 0.5596 . 0.04834 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0014 0.0416 2.6715 1.4232 . 0.00565 Ring 0.0005 0.0009 0.0078 0.0592 0.0893 3.9781 . 0.1851MA 0.0010 0.0020 0.0173 0.1308 0.2717 0.4172 . 0.4123C22Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5084 0.0474 0.0133 0.0210 0.0435 0.0484 . 0.02631 Ring 0.0946 0.3397 0.1995 0.1145 0.0
33、440 0.0307 . 0.02402 Ring 0.0030 0.0050 0.7661 0.6016 0.3016 0.1444 . 0.00053 Ring 0.0002 0.0000 0.0072 1.4778 1.1214 0.5559 . 0.05174 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0018 0.0411 2.5629 1.3179 . 0.01175 Ring 0.0004 0.0008 0.0072 0.0564 0.0829 3.7619 . 0.1890MA 0.0010 0.0018 0.0161 0.1252 0.2574 0.3897 . 0.4237
34、Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6096 0.0568 0.0160 0.0252 0.0521 0.0580 . 0.03161 Ring 0.1267 0.3427 0.1986 0.1158 0.0468 0.0277 . 0.02232 Ring 0.0044 0.0053 0.7662 0.6016 0.3018 0.1445 . 0.00043 Ring 0.0003 0.0000 0.0072 1.4778 1.1213 0.5559 . 0.05174 Ring 0.0001 0.0000 0.0018 0.0411 2.5629 1.3179 . 0.01775 Rin
35、g 0.0007 0.0008 0.0072 0.0564 0.0829 3.7619 . 0.1890MA 0.0015 0.0018 0.0161 0.1253 0.2574 0.3897 . 0.4238D2786 91 (2016)3TABLE 1 Continued71 69 109 149 189 229 269 91C23Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5093 0.0518 0.0153 0.0226 0.0407 0.0521 . 0.02851 Ring 0.1003 0.3404 0.1976 0.1142 0.0446 0.0282 . 0.02692
36、 Ring 0.0024 0.0021 0.7580 0.5880 0.3011 0.1405 . 0.00083 Ring 0.0002 0.0001 0.0103 1.4393 1.0839 0.5414 . 0.05424 Ring 0.0001 0.0000 0.0020 0.0425 2.4806 1.2840 . 0.01495 Ring 0.0005 0.0007 0.0066 0.0539 0.0750 3.6015 . 0.1927MA 0.0011 0.0017 0.0148 0.1189 0.2409 0.3560 . 0.4300Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6
37、093 0.0619 0.0183 0.0270 0.0487 0.0624 . 0.03411 Ring 0.1338 0.3439 0.1965 0.1156 0.0473 0.0248 . 0.02502 Ring 0.0038 0.0023 0.7580 0.5882 0.3013 0.1406 . 0.00083 Ring 0.0004 0.0001 0.0103 1.4393 1.0839 0.5415 . 0.05424 Ring 0.0001 0.0000 0.0020 0.0426 2.4806 1.2840 . 0.01495 Ring 0.0009 0.0007 0.00
38、66 0.0539 0.0750 3.6016 . 0.1927MA 0.0190 0.0016 0.0148 0.1189 0.2410 0.3561 . 0.4300C24Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5105 0.0566 0.0174 0.0249 0.0434 0.0528 0.0372 0.03241 Ring 0.1061 0.3414 0.1960 0.1128 0.0420 0.0288 0.0761 0.03372 Ring 0.0016 0.0011 0.7505 0.5807 0.2908 0.1418 0.0047 0.00113 Ring 0.0
39、003 0.0004 0.0146 1.4098 1.0564 0.5371 0.2987 0.07064 Ring 0.0000 0.0001 0.0014 0.0506 2.3673 1.2328 0.6560 0.00855 Ring 0.0004 0.0005 0.0048 0.0407 0.0457 3.3827 0.9376 0.15446 Ring 0.0005 0.0006 0.0055 0.0457 0.0911 0.1138 3.9809 0.1763MA 0.0012 0.0015 0.0143 0.1190 0.2369 0.3388 0.4136 0.4594Isoa
40、lkanes0 Ring 0.6094 0.0675 0.0208 0.0297 0.0518 0.0631 0.0444 0.03971 Ring 0.1403 0.3451 0.1948 0.1145 0.0449 0.0253 0.0736 0.03152 Ring 0.0032 0.0009 0.7506 0.5808 0.2910 0.1420 0.0045 0.00103 Ring 0.0006 0.0004 0.0145 1.4098 1.0564 0.5352 0.2986 0.07064 Ring 0.0000 0.0001 0.0014 0.0506 2.3673 1.23
41、28 0.6560 0.00855 Ring 0.0009 0.0005 0.0048 0.0407 0.0457 3.3828 0.9376 0.15446 Ring 0.0010 0.0005 0.0055 0.0457 0.0911 0.1139 3.9809 0.1764MA 0.0026 0.0014 0.0142 0.1190 0.2370 0.3389 0.4137 0.4595C25Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5132 0.0621 0.0196 0.0262 0.0471 0.0493 0.0383 0.03441 Ring 0.1115 0.3425
42、0.1930 0.1133 0.0435 0.0302 0.0753 0.03802 Ring 0.0009 0.0040 0.7378 0.5623 0.2821 0.1450 0.0032 0.00053 Ring 0.0005 0.0006 0.0185 1.3763 1.0229 0.5229 0.2858 0.07414 Ring 0.0000 0.0001 0.0019 0.0520 2.2834 1.1777 0.6213 0.00345 Ring 0.0005 0.0005 0.0043 0.0389 0.0409 3.2347 0.8915 0.15776 Ring 0.00
43、05 0.0005 0.0048 0.0424 0.0836 0.1304 3.7174 0.1753MA 0.0013 0.0014 0.0128 0.1125 0.2213 0.3157 0.3738 0.4652Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6096 0.0738 0.0233 0.0311 0.0559 0.0586 0.0455 0.04091 Ring 0.1449 0.3465 0.1918 0.1150 0.0461 0.0256 0.0727 0.03582 Ring 0.0023 0.0039 0.7378 0.5624 0.2821 0.1452 0.0032 0
44、.00053 Ring 0.0008 0.0007 0.0185 1.3762 1.0229 0.5229 0.2857 0.07414 Ring 0.0000 0.0001 0.0019 0.0520 2.2834 1.1777 0.6213 0.00345 Ring 0.0011 0.0004 0.0043 0.0389 0.0410 3.2347 0.8914 0.15786 Ring 0.0012 0.0004 0.0048 0.0424 0.0836 0.1034 3.7175 0.1754MA 0.0032 0.0012 0.0127 0.1126 0.2215 0.3159 0.
45、3740 0.4653C26Inversen-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5161 0.0679 0.0225 0.0282 0.0500 0.0496 0.0388 0.03691 Ring 0.1166 0.3429 0.1912 0.1146 0.0445 0.0291 0.0764 0.04252 Ring 0.0003 0.0080 0.7313 0.5486 0.2776 0.1391 0.0096 0.00063 Ring 0.0005 0.0010 0.0225 1.3441 0.9981 0.4986 0.2786 0.07794 Ring 0.0000 0.0001 0
46、.0023 0.0526 2.2145 1.1323 0.5916 0.00145 Ring 0.0005 0.0004 0.0039 0.0372 0.0355 3.0605 0.8433 0.16036 Ring 0.0005 0.0005 0.0044 0.0402 0.0776 0.0914 3.4893 0.1773MA 0.0014 0.0012 0.0118 0.1079 0.2080 0.2883 0.3450 0.4762Isoalkanes0 Ring 0.6106 0.0804 0.0267 0.0334 0.0592 0.0586 0.0459 0.04361 Ring
47、 0.1513 0.3475 0.1897 0.1165 0.0479 0.0254 0.0700 0.04012 Ring 0.0012 0.0078 0.7315 0.5487 0.2778 0.1393 0.0100 0.00023 Ring 0.0011 0.0011 0.0225 1.3441 0.9981 0.4986 0.2786 0.07794 Ring 0.0001 0.0001 0.0023 0.0526 2.2145 1.1323 0.5916 0.00145 Ring 0.0013 0.0003 0.0039 0.0372 0.0356 3.0606 0.8433 0.16046 Ring 0.0015 0.0003 0.0044 0.0402 0.0777 0.0915 3.4894 0.1774MA 0.0040 0.0009 0.0117 0.1081 0.2083 0.2885 0.3452 0.4763C27InverseD2786 91 (2016)4TABLE 1 Continued71 69 109 149 189 229 269 91n-Alkanes0 Ring 0.5207 0.0742
