ASTM D2797 D2797M-2011a Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light《通过反射光对制备的煤样品的显微分析标准操作规程》.pdf
《ASTM D2797 D2797M-2011a Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light《通过反射光对制备的煤样品的显微分析标准操作规程》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D2797 D2797M-2011a Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light《通过反射光对制备的煤样品的显微分析标准操作规程》.pdf(5页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D2797/D2797M 11aStandard Practice forPreparing Coal Samples for Microscopical Analysis byReflected Light1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2797/D2797M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers laboratory procedures for thepreparation of granular samples of bituminous coal and
3、anthra-cite samples for examination with a microscope using reflectedlight illumination. It does not apply to the preparation oforiented blocks of coal.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be ex
4、act equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this s
5、tandard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisD2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sampleof CoalD2798 Test
6、 Method for Microscopical Determination of theVitrinite Reflectance of CoalD2799 Test Method for Microscopical Determination of theMaceral Composition of CoalD4596 Practice for Collection of Channel Samples of Coalin a MineE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Summary of
7、 Practice3.1 Arepresentative sample is crushed to a specified particlesize, air-dried, mixed with a binder, and formed into a briquet.The briquet is then polished to a flat, scratch-free surface forexamination by vertical illumination.4. Significance and Use4.1 Briquets of granular bituminous coals
8、and anthraciteprepared in accordance with the laboratory procedures of thispractice will have flat, scratch-free surfaces suitable for exami-nation with a microscope using reflected light illumination.The polished surfaces of briquettes prepared by this practicewill contain particles representative
9、of the original grosssample.4.2 Samples prepared by this practice are used for micro-scopical determination of the reflectance of the organic com-ponents in a polished specimen of coal (Test Method D2798)and for microscopical determination of the volume percent ofphysical components of coal (Test Me
10、thod D2799).5. Apparatus5.1 Grinder, Pulverizer, or Mill, for final crushing of thesample to pass a 850-m (No. 20) sieve. Mortar and pestle orother equipment suitable for reducing the particle size of a250-g sample that already passes a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve untilall of it passes a 850-m (No. 20) si
11、eve (see 6.5).5.2 Coarse Riffle Samplera riffle with at least twelvedivisions of not less than 12.7 mm 12 in. and not greater than19.1 mm 34 in.5.3 Fine Riffle Samplera riffle with at least twelve divi-sions of not less than 3.2 mm 18 in. and not greater than 6.4mm 14 in.5.4 Sievesa 4.75-mm (No. 4)
12、and a 850-m (No. 20) U.S.Standard Sieve (Specification E11).5.5 Moldscontainers to hold the coal binder mixture whilethe binder hardens.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal andCoke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.28 on PetrographicAnalysis of Co
13、al and Coke.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approvedin 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2797 11. DOI: 10.1520/D2797_D2797M-11A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
14、rg. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.5.1 The mold shall be capable of withstanding pressuresup to 7
15、0 MPa 10 000 psi, and shall be made of separable partsso that the briquet can be ejected after it has hardened.5.5.2 The mold shall be large enough to provide a plane areaof4cm2or more on one side of the briquet. (Designs ofsuitable 25-mm 1-in. and 32-mm 114-in. inside-diametermolds are shown in Fig
16、. 1).5.6 Mounting Pressa manual or automated press that iscapable of producing a pressure up to 35 MPa 5000 psi on thebriquet, and has an attachment to eject the briquet aftersolidification of the binder.Aheat-setting automated press shallbe used with an appropriate thermoset binder.5.7 Grinding and
17、 Polishing Equipmentone or several lapson which the coal briquet can be ground and polished to a flat,scratch-free surface. Laps may be made of aluminum, iron,brass, bronze, lead, glass, wax, or wood. Equipment that has203-mm 8-in. diameter disk laps, gear-driven at 160 to 170r/min, and that has an
18、automatic sample holder attachment issuitable. For notes on grinding and polishing practices, seeAppendix X1.5.8 Sample Cleanersome equipment is essential forcleaning coal briquets between the different grinding or pol-ishing stages. This may be a simple stream of water or an airjet, but an ultrason
19、ic cleaner is recommended.5.9 Containersif samples are to be transported or storedbefore briquets are prepared, glass jars, bottles, or metal canshaving tight-fitting closures shall be used. Metal cans shallhave plastic liners.6. Materials6.1 BinderAny binding material fulfilling the followingrequir
20、ements may be used for preparing the coal briquet:6.1.1 The binder shall hold all coal particles securely duringgrinding, polishing, and observing the sample.6.1.2 The binder and the hardening process used shall notreact with the coal or the atmosphere or expose the coal tothermal oxidation.6.1.3 Un
21、der the microscope, the binder shall contrast mark-edly with constituents being measured when immersed in oilhaving an index of refraction of about 1.518.6.1.4 The binder shall be such that a substantially flat andscratch-free surface can be obtained as a result of the grindingand polishing procedur
22、e.6.1.4.1 Relief, or difference in level, particularly betweenthe coal and the binder, is undesirable for reflectance determi-nation. Although relief depends a great extent on the polishingtechnique, use of a binder with a hardness comparable to thatof the coal is very helpful.6.1.4.2 Various types
23、of epoxy resins and heat-setting pow-ders are suitable as a binder.6.2 Release AgentAny preparation that does not damagethe molds or adversely affect the coal or mounting mediummay be used to coat the inside of the mold and facilitateejection of the briquet.6.3 Grinding AbrasivesWater-resistant, adh
24、esive-backedsilicon carbide papers of grit Nos. 240, 320, 400, and 600. Twoor three of these are used according to a plan such as one ofthose listed in Table 1.6.4 Polishing AbrasivesAluminum oxide powders of 3-,1-, 0.3-, 0.1-, and 0.05-m sizes. Two or three of these are usedaccording to a plan such
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