1、Designation: D2809 09Standard Test Method forCavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristicsof Aluminum Pumps With Engine Coolants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2809; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the cavitationcorrosion and erosion-corrosion
3、characteristics of aluminumautomotive water pumps with coolants.NOTE 1During the development of this test method, it was found thatresults obtained when testing two-phase coolants did not correlate withresults from field tests. Therefore, the test method cannot be recommendedas being a significant t
4、est for determining cavitation effects of two-phasecoolants.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5、responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are given in 5.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing
6、Aqueous Solu-tions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing PurposesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods2.2 ASTM Adjunct:3Pump test stand (7 drawings and Bill of Materials)3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method consists of pumping an aqueouscoolant solu
7、tion at 113C (235F) through a pressurized103-kPa (15-psig) simulated automotive coolant system (Note2).An aluminum automotive water pump, driven at 4600 r/minby an electric motor, is used to pump the solution and to serveas the object specimen in evaluating the cavitation erosion-corrosion effect of
8、 the coolant under test. The pump isexamined to determine the extent of cavitation erosion-corrosion damage and is rated according to the system given inTable 1. Photographs of typical eroded pumps after testingappear in the Appendix.NOTE 2Tests run at other than 113C (235F) might show more orless c
9、avitation depending upon the coolant formulation.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method can be used to distinguish betweencoolants that contribute to cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion of aluminum automotive water pumps and those thatdo not. It is not intended that a particular rating n
10、umber, asdetermined from this test, will be equivalent to a certainnumber of miles in a vehicle test; however, limited correlationbetween bench and field service tests has been observed withsingle-phase coolants. Field tests under severe operating con-ditions should be conducted as the final test if
11、 the actual effectof the coolant on cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion isto be appraised. It is also possible, with proper control of thetest variables, to determine the effect of pump design, materialsof construction, and pump operating conditions on cavitationcorrosion and erosion-corrosio
12、n damage.5. Apparatus5.1 Pump Test Stand Detailed drawings are available.3The copper, brass, and bronze flow circuit is illustrated in Fig.1. The apparatus should be assembled upon a suitable platformor structure, with provisions for mounting controls and gages.1This test method is under the jurisdi
13、ction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.09 on SimulatedService Tests.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1969 as D280969T. Last previous edition approved in 2004 asD2809041. DOI: 10.1520/D280
14、9-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Detail drawings of this apparatus and accompanying tabl
15、e of parts are availablefrom ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD2809. Originaladjunct produced in 1985.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Warning The entire stand should be screened orhoused to pr
16、otect personnel from hazardous scalding coolantin case of rupture in the pump, hose, or tubing. All belts andpulleys should be properly shielded.5.3 Test PumpStandard aluminum automotive waterpump and engine front cover assemblies shall be used. Thesame make and model must be used throughout a serie
17、s of testswhen tests are conducted to evaluate coolants.4NOTE 3If it is desired to evaluate pumps on this test apparatus, acoolant of a known level of cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosionprotection should be used.6. Test Solution6.1 The test coolant is prepared by adding one part enginecoolant
18、 concentrate to five parts corrosive water by volume.The water shall contain 100 ppm each of sulfate, chloride, andbicarbonate ions, added as sodium salts.NOTE 4The specified corrosive water can be prepared by dissolvingthe following amounts of reagent grade anhydrous sodium salts in aquantity of di
19、stilled or deionized water:sodium sulfate 148 mgsodium chloride 165 mgsodium bicarbonate 138 mgThe resulting solution should be made up to a volume of 1 L withdistilled or deionized water at 20C.If relatively large amounts of corrosive water are needed for testing, aconcentrate may be prepared by di
20、ssolving ten times the above amounts ofthe three chemicals, in distilled or deionized water, and adjusting the totalvolume to 1 L by further additions of distilled or deionized water. Whenneeded, the corrosion water concentrate is diluted to the ratio of one partby volume of concentrate to nine part
21、s of distilled or deionized water.7. Sampling7.1 The coolant concentration shall be sampled in accor-dance with Test Method D1176.8. Procedure8.1 Before each test is begun, clean the test apparatus asfollows:8.1.1 Remove and replace all hose (hose shall not be usedfor more than one test), set the th
22、rottling valve to full openposition, and install a standard automative water pump as theflushing pump to circulate cleaning solution.8.1.2 Fill the system with a solution made of 162 g (5.7 oz)of detergent5in 17 L (18 qt) of cool tap water. (The totalcapacity of the system is approximately 17.5 L (1
23、8.5 qt).)Reduce the pump speed to approximately 2675 r/min tominimize heat buildup. Start the pump and circulate for 15 min.Drain.8.1.3 Fill with tap water. Start the pump and circulate for 5min. Drain. Perform this operation three times.NOTE 5This cleaning procedure supercedes one using chromic aci
24、d,a recognized hazard. A Subcommittee D15.09 task force is currentlyqualifying this cleaning procedure.8.1.4 Fill the system with a cleaning solution containing73.5 g of oxalic acid dihydrate and 52.5 g of citric acid per litreof water. (These chemicals may be technical grade.)8.1.5 Raise the temper
25、ature to 82C (180F) with the pumpoperating at approximately 2675 r/min and the heater on. Whenthe temperature is reached, turn off the heater. Circulate thecleaning solution for 1 h. (If the temperature rises above 90C(194F), cool the system with the fan.) Drain the system.8.1.6 Repeat step 8.1.3.8.
26、1.7 Circulate a solution made of 820 g (1.8 lb) of sodiumcarbonate (technical grade) in 17 L (18 qt) of cool tap water for10 min. Circulating this solution in excess of 10 min may causecarbonates to form on copper components. Drain.8.1.8 Fill with tap water and circulate water for approxi-mately 3 m
27、in. Drain.8.1.9 Repeat step 8.1.8 three times.8.1.10 Take a sample of the last flush water. Make a 5 mass% solution of calcium chloride (reagent grade) with a sampleof the water. If turbidity or precipitation results, repeat steps8.1.8 and 8.1.10 until solution is clear.8.2 Install a new test pump a
28、ssembly on the test stand. Donot use a gasket sealer in assembling the pump.8.3 Shake the test coolant well and fill the main system withapproximately 14 L (14.5 qt). Engage the pump in a fewmomentary starts to allow trapped air to vent out the fill hole.Add 2 L(2 qt) of test coolant to the expansio
29、n tank (see Section5).8.4 Start the test and adjust to the following conditions:8.4.1 Pump speed to 4600 6 100 r/min. Speed may bemeasured by digital tachometer, optical tachometer, or anyother method that gives the required accuracy.41984 Buick pump GM #25527536 and engine front cover GM 25515465 s
30、hallbe designated as test standards. The pump gasket is GM #1358410, and the gasketat the back of the front engine cover is GM #25519994. In the event that GM#25527536 is not available, AC Delco 12307821 or Master CP1018 may be used.5Alconox detergent, E. H. Sargent no metal loss. No change fromorig
31、inal casting configuration. Staining permitted.9 Minimal corrosion or erosion. Some rounding of sharp corners or lightsmoothing or both, or polishing of working surfaces.8 Light corrosion or erosion may be generalized on workingsurfaces. Dimensional change not to exceed 0.4 mm (164 in.).7 Corrosion
32、or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 0.8 mm(132 in.). Random pitting to 0.8 mm permitted.6 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 0.8 mm.Depressions, grooves, clusters of pits, or scalloping, orboth, within 0.8 mm dimensional change limit permitted.5 Corrosion or eros
33、ion with dimensional change not to exceed 1.6 mm(116 in.). Small localized areas of metal removal inhigh-impingement regions or random pits to 1.6 mm permitted.4 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 1.6 mm.Small localized areas of metal removal in high-impingement regions,clust
34、ers of pits within 1.6 mm dimensional change. Random pits to 2.4mm (332 in.) permitted.3 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 2.4 mm.Depressions, grooves, clusters of pits or scalloping, orboth, permitted.2 Corrosion or erosion with any dimensional change over 2.4 mm, andshort
35、of pump case failure.1 Pump case leaking due to corrision or erosion.AIf placement in a rating group is uncertain or border-line, elevate the rating tothe higher of the two groups in question.BRatings 1 to 3 are dependent on pump-wall thickness and are intended to beused as relative ratings for test
36、s using a given pump.D2809 0928.4.2 Coolant temperature to 35 to 38C (95 to 100 F).8.4.3 System pressure to 103 6 3 kPa (15 6 0.5 psig).8.4.4 Inlet pressure at pump to provide a gage reading of 6.8kPa (2.0 in. Hg) vacuum by adjusting the throttling valve.8.5 After test conditions in 8.4 are obtained
37、, increase thecoolant temperature to 113 6 1C (235 6 2F). Do not adjustthe throttling valve from the position obtained in 8.4.4.Maintain the system pressure at 103 kPa (15 psig).8.6 Operate the pump for 100 h.8.6.1 The pump may be stopped for nightly equipmentshutdown and to maintain liquid level.8.
38、6.2 No more than 1 L (1 qt) of coolant makeup solutionmay be added during the total duration of the test.8.7 Remove the pump assembly, wash the pump, frontcover, and impeller with clean water, and dry parts for visualobservation.9. Rating System9.1 Rate the degree of corrosion and erosion-corrosion
39、inaccordance with the ratings described in Table 1.10. Precision and Bias10.1 The precision of this test method is based on interlabo-ratory study of Test Method D2809, conducted in 2008. Eachof four laboratories tested two coolants. Every “test result”represents an individual determination. Each la
40、boratory wasasked to report duplicate rating results. Except for the limitedvariety of materials tested, and the availability of replicate datafrom only four laboratories, Practice E691 was followed for thedesign and analysis of the data; the details are given in aresearch report.610.1.1 Repeatabili
41、ty Limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; “r”istheinterval representing the critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equip
42、ment on the same day in the samelaboratory.10.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Table 2.10.1.2 Reproducibility Limt (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the critical6Supporting data have
43、been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obatined by requesting RR: D151025.FIG. 1 Aluminum Pump Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Test StandTABLE 2 Cavitation Rating (units)MaterialAverageAxRepeatability StandardDeviationSrReproducibilityStandard DeviationSRRepeatability Lim
44、itrReproducibility LimitRSample 1 Pink 8.5 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.5Sample 2 Green 9.3 1.2 1.2 3.2 3.2AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.D2809 093difference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipemtn indifferent laboratories.10.1.
45、2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Table 2.10.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.10.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with 10.1.1 and 10.1.2would normally have an approximate 95 % probability of beingcorrect, however the pre
46、cision statistics obtained in the ILSmust not be treated as exact mathematical quantities which areapplicable to all circumstances and uses. The limited numberof reporting laboratories, and materials tested, guarantees thatthere will be times when differences greater than predicted bythe ILS results
47、 will arise, sometimes with considerably greateror smaller frequency than the 95 % probability limit wouldimply. Consider the repeatabilty limit and the reproducibiltylimit as general guides, and the associated probability of 95 %as only a rough indicator of what can be expected.10.2 BiasAt the time
48、 of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.10.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 16 results, from four laboratories, on thetwo coolants described
49、below:Sample 1 PinkSample 2 Green11. Keywords11.1 aluminum; automotive; cavitation corrosion; enginecoolant; erosion-corrosion; pumps; testAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. TYPICALLY ERODED PUMPS AFTER TESTX1.1 See Figs. X1.1-X1.10.NOTE X1.1Ratings 3 and 4 are not pictured, but will be more severeversions of Rating 5 with the final rating determined by actualmeasurement.FIG. X1.1 Rating 1D2809 094FIG. X1.2 Rating 2FIG. X1.3 Rating 5D2809 095FIG. X1.4 Rating 6FIG. X1.5 Rating 7Example 1D2809 096FIG. X1.6 Rating 7Example 2FIG. X1.7 Ratin
