1、Designation: D 2816 05 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forCashmere Coarse-Hair Content in Cashmere1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2816; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a sequential procedure fordetermining whether or not the cashmere coarse-hair content ofa sample exc
3、eeds a specified value.NOTE 1For the maximum allowable cashmere coarse-hair content incashmere, refer to Specification D 2817.NOTE 2For the quantitative analysis of cashmere hair and blends ofcashmere hair and other fibers, refer to Test Methods D 629.1.2 This test method is applicable only to cashm
4、ere hair inthe form of roving, yarn, or fabric, and to the cashmere haircontent of blends with other fibers, where the expectedcashmere coarse-hair content is not more than five masspercent (see Footnote C of Table 1). For greater expected masspercentages of cashmere coarse-hair, see Test Methods D
5、629.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenc
6、ed Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of TextilesD 2130 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and OtherAnimal Fibers by MicroprojectionD 2817 Specification for Maximum Cashmere Coarse-HairContent in CashmereD 4845 Terminology Re
7、lating to Wool3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.13, Wool and WoolFelt, refer to Terminology D 4845.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this test method:cashmere, cashmere coarse hair, cashmere coarse hair content,cashmere down, cashmere hair.3.2 For all other terminology re
8、lated to textiles, see Termi-nology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 One thousand (or more) individual fibers of cashmerehair are examined microscopically and classified either ascashmere down or cashmere coarse-hair on the basis of fiberwidth.4.2 The procedure (7.1 and 7.2) for classifying a fibe
9、r ascashmere coarse-hair or cashmere requires microscopic exami-nation of fiber segments of fixed length. The number of fibersegments of each width category is proportional to the totallength of the fibers in each category. Hence, the percentage bylength of cashmere coarse-hair in cashmere hair is e
10、qual to thepercentage by number of cashmere coarse-hair segments asdetermined by this procedure.4.3 The observed number of cashmere coarse-hair fibers iscompared with the numbers in Table 1 and a decision is made(1) to accept the lot as conforming, (2) to reject the lot asnonconforming, or (3) to co
11、ntinue testing. The counting,classification, and comparison process is continued until adecision can be made as to whether the lot does or does notconform to the specification. Table 1 is based on stated levelsof confidence.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method may be used for determining comp
12、li-ance with a specification for maximum cashmere coarse-haircontent and is required to be used for determining compliancewith Specification D 2817.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using Test Method D 2816 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments,
13、 the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneo
14、us as possible and that arefrom a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable proba
15、bility level chosen by thetwo parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsiblity of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 20
16、09. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 2816 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary p
17、age onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light ofthe known bias.5.2 When the prod
18、uct being tested has a cashmere coarse-hair content that departs significantly either way from thespecified amount, the sequential test procedure describedherein will result in a substantial reduction in the number ofobservations required for a decision at the stated level ofconfidence. On the other
19、 hand, when the product being testedhas a cashmere coarse-hair content that approaches the speci-fied amount, the sequential procedure ensures that the neces-sary increased number of observations shall be made to securea correct decision at the stated level of confidence.6. Apparatus6.1 Apparatus is
20、 as specified in Test Method D 2130.7. Procedure7.1 Proceed as directed in Test Method D 2130 with respectto apparatus and materials, sampling and selection of speci-mens, test specimen, calibration of microprojector, and prepa-ration of slides, positioning and traversing the slide, focusing,and sel
21、ecting the fibers to be observed and, if necessary,measured.7.2 Examine 1000 fibers and record the number of fibers thewidth of which exceeds 30 m (classified as cashmere coarse-hair). Measure fibers having widths close to 30 m withparticular care so as to assure correct classification.7.3 In Table
22、1, refer to the appropriate column for the agreedupon specification. In the row labeled 1000, two numbers aregiven. The number of cashmere coarse-hair fibers counted in7.2 is either (1) equal to or greater than the larger number, (2)equal to or smaller than the smaller number, or (3) lies betweenthe
23、 two numbers.7.3.1 If the observed number is equal to or greater than thelarger number, terminate the test and report that the sampleexceeds the specification for cashmere coarse-hair content.7.3.2 If the observed number is equal to or smaller than thesmaller number, terminate the test and report th
24、at all the sampleconforms to the specification for cashmere coarse-hair content.7.3.3 If the observed number lies between the two numbersin the table, examine an additional 1000 fibers as in 7.2 andrecord the number of fibers classified as cashmere coarse-hair.7.4 Compare the number of cashmere coar
25、se-hair fibersobserved in 2000 observations with the second row of thetable, labeled 2000, in the column for the applicable specifi-cation. Use the table as directed in 7.3, and continue theexamination of the fibers in groups of 1000 as long asnecessary to reach a decision with respect to conformanc
26、e ornonconformance to the prescribed specification.7.5 If, after 10 000 fibers have been examined, the totalnumber of cashmere coarse-hair fibers found remains betweenthe limiting numbers, terminate the test. Calculate the percent-age of cashmere coarse-hair fibers and report that the sampleconforms
27、 or does not conform to the prescribed cashmerecoarse-hair content specification according to whether thiscalculated percentage is, respectively, less than or more thanthe prescribed cashmere coarse-hair specification.NOTE 3A decision based on a test terminated as directed in 7.5 has alower level of
28、 confidence than that corresponding to the level ofconfidence on which the calculations of Table 1 are based.8. Report8.1 State that the samples (or specimens) were tested asdirected in Test Method D 2816. Describe the material orproduct sampled and the method of sampling used.8.2 Report the followi
29、ng information:8.2.1 Number of fibers examined,TABLE 1 Sequential Accept-Reject Numbers for Selected SpecificationsANumber of Fi-bers CountedSpecification, Length %B0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0ARARARAR A R A R A R A R A R1 000 .C17 . 18 . 19 . 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 . 252 000 . 19 . 21 . 23 .
30、 25 . 27 . 29 1 31 3 33 5 353 000 . 21 . 24 . 27 0 30 3 33 6 36 9 39 12 42 15 454 000 . 23 . 27 1 31 5 35 9 39 13 43 17 47 21 51 25 555 000 . 25 0 30 5 35 10 40 15 45 20 50 25 55 30 60 35 656 000 . 27 3 33 9 39 15 45 21 51 27 57 33 63 39 69 45 757 000 . 29 6 36 13 43 20 50 27 57 34 64 41 71 48 77 55
31、 858 000 1 31 9 39 17 47 25 55 33 63 41 71 49 79 57 86 65 95900 333124221513060 39 69 48 78 57 87 6 95 75 10510 000 5 35 15 45 25 55 35 65 45 75 55 85 65 95 75 104 85 115AThese accept-reject numbers are based on the following conditions:(1) The probability of accepting a lot that exceeds the specifi
32、cations by 10 % or more of the specification percent is 0.05.(2) The probability of rejecting a lot that is 10 % or more of the specification percent below the specification is also 0.05.BExtensive interlaboratory tests have shown that, for the concentration of cashmere coarse-hair covered in Table
33、1, the relationship between “Specification, LengthPercent” and mass percent of cashmere coarse-hair is approximately linear, as shown in (Eq 1):M 5 3S 1 0.9 (1)where:M = mass percent of cashmere coarse-hair, andS = specified maximum coarse-hair content in length percent (0.2 # S # 1.0).The data from
34、 these studies are on file with the Secretary of Subcommittee D13.13, Committee D13 of ASTM.CBlanks correspond to a theoretical number less than zero. No decision to accept can be made until a number of fibers corresponding to the first nonblank entry hasbeen classified.D 2816 05 (2009)28.2.2 Number
35、 of cashmere coarse-hair fibers observed,8.2.3 Maximum cashmere coarse-hair content specified, and8.2.4 Whether the lot conforms or does not conform to thecashmere coarse-hair content specification.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The critical values in Table 1 (Note 4) are based on aprobability of 0.05 of
36、accepting a lot having a cashmerecoarse-hair content exceeding the specification by 10 % ormore and a probability of 0.05 of rejecting a lot having acashmere coarse-hair content 10 % or more below the specifi-cation. That is, the total probability of making either a Type Ierror or a Type II error is
37、 0.10.NOTE 4The table entries were calculated by the procedure given byMood, A. F., Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, McGraw-Hill BookCo., New York, 1950, pp. 366369, with P0= 0.9 P, P1= 1.1 P,a = b = 0.05, P = specification for which the table is calculated.9.2 BiasTest Method D 2816 for te
38、sting the cashmerecoarse-hair content in cashmere has no known bias and isaccepted as a referee method.10. Keywords10.1 animal fibers (except wool); contentASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard
39、. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed
40、every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible te
41、chnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2816 05 (2009)3
