1、Designation: D2859 06 (Reapproved 2011)D2859 15 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forIgnition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor CoveringMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofo
2、riginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Departme
3、nt of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a test method for the determination of the flammability of finished textile floorcovering materials when exposed to an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions.1.1.1 Carpets and rugs offered for sale in the United Sta
4、tes are required by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)to comply with the test methods in 16 CFR 1630 or 16 CFR 1631, as appropriate.1.1.2 This test method is similar but not identical to the test methods contained in 16 CFR 1630 and CFR 1631 and issued byCPSC. If compliance with one of th
5、e CPSC test methods is required, this test method does not ensure regulatory compliance.1.2 This test method is applicable to all types of textile floor coverings, regardless of the method of fabrication or whether theyare made from natural or man-made fibers. It is possible to apply this test metho
6、d to unfinished material; however, the results ofsuch a test shall not be considered a satisfactory evaluation of a textile floor covering material for ultimate consumer use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.
7、4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire
8、conditions.1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall beemployed in conducting these tests1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(exclu
9、ding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practic
10、es and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement SheetsD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coveri
11、ngsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750CE176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 AATCC Standard:Method 138-1972,Method 138-2014, Shampooing: Washing of Textile Floor Coverings31 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards an
12、d is direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Nov. 15, 2015. Published October 2011January 2016. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2006 asD2859 - 06.D2859 - 06 (2011). DOI: 10.1520/D2859-06R11.10.1520/D2859-15.2
13、 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chem
14、ists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically
15、possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
16、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission:416 CFR Part 1630 Standard for the surface flammability of carpets and rugs (FF 1-70)16 CFR Part 1631 Standard for the surface flammability of small carpets and rugs (FF 2-70)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3
17、.1.1 For definitions of terms contained in this test method associated with fire issues refer to Terminology E176. For definitionsof terms contained in this test method and associated with textile issues refer to Terminology D123. For definitions of termscontained in this test method and associated
18、with pile floor covering issues refer to Terminology D5684.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 finished, adjin textile floor covering materials, the completion of all manufacturing operations.3.2.2 flammability, nthe capability of burning with a flame under specified conditions
19、(see Terminology E176 for additionaldiscussion of the term flammable.)4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method involves the exposure of conditioned and oven-dried specimens to a standard source of ignition in adraft-protected environment and the measurement of the resulting char length.5. Signi
20、ficance and Use5.1 This test method provides a procedure for identification of those finished textile floor covering materials that can be ratedas flame-resistant under specific controlled laboratory conditions.5.2 This test method does not specify the use of an underlay material. If an underlay mat
21、erial is used to assess the effect of aspecific underlay in combination with a specific floor covering, such a variation in procedure must be noted in the report.5.3 In this test, results are observed with the specimens in a horizontal plane. Different results are possible if the same materialis tes
22、ted or used in any other plane.5.4 Test Method D2859 for testing finished textile floor covering materials for flammability is considered satisfactory foracceptance testing of commercial shipments since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In casesof disagreement
23、 arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the seller when using this method for acceptancetesting, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller shall be determined witheach comparison being based on testing specimens r
24、andomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.5.5 The test procedures of this standard are part of similar but not identical to those contained in the standards for the surfaceflammability of carpets and rugs of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission4. (see also 1.1). Th
25、e acceptance criterion ofthese CPSC standards requires that at least seven out of eight individual specimens of a given carpet or rug have passed the test,that is, that the charred portion of a tested specimen shall not extend to within 25.4 mm 1.0 in. of the edge of the hole in theflattening frame
26、at any point.5.6 The acceptance criterion of this test method is consistent with that of CPSC standards (see Section 10).6. Apparatus and Reagent6.1 Test Chamber, Chambershall be The test chamber shall consist of a box with nominal inside dimensions of 300 by 300by 300 mm 12 by 12 by 12 in. made fro
27、m reinforcedfiber cement board not less than nominally 6 mm 0.25 in. thick, open atthe top, and having a flat removable floor made of the same material. The reinforcedfiber cement board shall be uncoated, havea density of 1444 6 160 kg/m3 90 6 10 lb/ftlbft3 and comply with the requirements of Specif
28、ication C1186 and Grade II andbe noncombustible in accordance with Test Method E136. The sides shall be fastened together and sealed to prevent air leakageinto the box during use.6.2 Frame, FrameThe flattening frame shall be a steel plate, nominally 230 by 230 mm 9 by 9 in., nominally 6 mm 0.25in. t
29、hick, with a nominal 200 6 5-mm 8-in. diameter hole cut in the center of the plate.6.3 Desiccating Cabinet, Cabinetwith an efficient desiccant, andAdesiccating cabinet shall be provided, containing silica gelor an alternate desiccant. The desiccating cabinet shall have shelves large enough to hold 2
30、30 by 230-mm 9 by 9-in. specimensspaced separately in a horizontal position.a set of eight specimens horizontally without contacting each other during a coolingperiod following specimen drying.6.4 Circulating Air Oven, Ovenventilated, forced-draft and thermostatically controlled in the atmosphere ra
31、nge of A forcedcirculation drying oven shall be provided, for removal of moisture from the specimens, capable of being thermostatically controlledand maintained at 105 6 2C 221 6 4F throughout the enclosure.4 Can be found in Title 16, Volume 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Available from U.S.
32、Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. CapitolSt., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.D2859 1526.5 Glove, Gloveshall be disposable, nonhygroscopic, and Non hygroscopic disposable gloves shall be provided for handlingthe specimens after drying. The gloves shall be made o
33、f polyethylene or rubber.6.6 Steel Rule, RuleA steel rule, graduated in 0.5-mm 0.02-in. increments.increments shall be provided.6.7 Vacuum Cleaner, Cleanerof which all surfacesA vacuum cleaner shall be used to remove all loose material from eachspecimen prior to conditioning. All surfaces of the vac
34、uum cleaner contacting the specimens are flat and smooth.shall be flat andsmooth and maintained in a clean condition.6.8 Laboratory Fume Hood, Hoodshall be The apparatus shall be placed in a laboratory fume hood capable of providing adraft-protected environment, permitting the draft-free environment
35、 during the test for the test chamber described in 6.1. The hoodshall permit the observation of the test in progress, and removing the the removal of the products of combustion following eachtest.6.9 MirrorOptionally, a small mirror shall be provided, mounted above each test chamber at an angle to p
36、ermit observationof the specimen from outside of the hood.6.10 Ignition SourceThe ignition source shall be a timed methenamine burning tablet (pill), with the following specifications.6.10.1 The pill shall be a flat, round, compressed tablet of essentially pure methenamine, with a weight of 150 6 5
37、mg, anominal diameter of 6 mm 0.25 in and a nominal heat of combustion of 7,180 calories per gram.NOTE 1The duration of the flaming when the tablet, alone, is tested on a metal plate under standard draft-free conditions is approximately 130 s.6.10.2 Tablets shall be stored for at least 24 h in a des
38、iccator over a desiccant.NOTE 2Storage of the tablets in a desiccator will reduce cracking upon ignition.6.11 Timed Methenamine burning tablet (pill).6.11.1 Specifications for the round, beveled, compressed tablet are:6.11.1.1 Weight of 149 6 5 mg.6.11.1.2 Nominal diameter of 6.35 mm 0.25 in.6.11.1.
39、3 Approximate burning time of tablet alone is 130 s.6.11.2 Burning time of the tablet alone is the duration of the flaming when the tablet is tested on a metal burn plate understandard conditions of draft-free environment.6.11.3 Tablets shall be stored in a desiccator over a desiccant.NOTE 3Storage
40、of the tablets in a desiccator will reduce cracking upon ignition.7. Sampling, Selection, and Number of Test Specimens7.1 TakeSelect a lot sample sample of the material representative of the lot as directed by the applicable material specification.In the absence of an applicable material specificati
41、on or other agreement between the purchaser and the seller, select a samplecomprised of a roll or piece believed to be representative of the lot to be tested. Each roll or piece must be large enough to permitcutting eight specimens each nominally 230 mm 9 in. square, free of creases, fold marks, or
42、any delamination.delamination orother distortions.7.2 If the textile floor covering material has had a fire-retardant treatment, or is made of fibers which have had a fire-retardanttreatment, wash the specimens as directed in the washing procedure described in AATCC Method 138-1972.Method 138-2014 o
43、rby using an alternate washing procedure acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.7.2.1 If the backing system of the carpet has been fire retarded by using alumina trihydrate (ATH), the washing procedure in7.2 is not required.7.3 Cut eight test specimens, each nominally 230 mm 9.0 in. square,
44、 from each sample.8. PreconditioningTest Specimen Preparation8.1 CleaningClean each test specimen with the vacuum cleaner (or other means) until it is free of all loose ends and of anymaterial worked into the pile during handling. Exercise care to avoid “fuzzing” of the pile yarn.8.2 Examination of
45、Test Specimens for MoistureExamine the test specimens. If they appear visibly moist, performpreconditioning in accordance with 8.7 before drying.8.3 WeighingWeigh each test specimen, to an accuracy of not less than 61 g, before drying and record the weight.8.4 DryingPlace the eight test specimens in
46、 an oven in a manner that will permit free circulation of the air at 105 6 2C 2216 4C for 2 h.NOTE 4Multiple test specimens can be dried concurrently.8.5 CoolingRemove the eight test specimens from the oven with a gloved hand and immediately place them in a desiccatorfor 1 h, or until they reach roo
47、m temperature, whichever is longer, making sure that the test specimens are in a horizontal planewith the pile side up, and that they are not resting on one another.D2859 153NOTE 5Test specimens taken from some carpet types have the potential to become distorted after drying, such that they curl at
48、the edges. Suchdistortion can be corrected by rolling the affected edges in a direction opposite to the curl prior to placing in the desiccator.8.6 Assessment of Test Specimen DrynessWeigh one of the eight test specimens that have undergone drying and compare withthe initial weight. If the specimen
49、has lost at least 20 % of its initial weight, it was excessively moist and all eight test specimensshall be preconditioned in accordance with 8.7 before undergoing another oven drying in accordance with 8.4.8.6.1 The assessment in 8.6 is not conducted for test specimens that have undergone preconditioning.8.7 PreconditioningPrecondition the test specimens in a conditioning room or chamber at a relative humidityin accordancewith Practice D1776of 65 6 2 % and at a temperature of 21 6 1C 70 6 2F. .8.7.1 Keep the test s
