1、Designation: D 2860/D 2860M 04Standard Test Method forAdhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape to Fiberboard at 90Angle and Constant Stress1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2860/D 2860M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This
3、 test method covers the determination of the prop-erty of adhesion of pressure-sensitive tape to a fiber-boardsurface. The user of this test method has the option of choosingthe paper surface for the test. The test surface may be thestandard linerboard, another linerboard (or paper) of individualint
4、erest, or a specific fiberboard.1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently, without combining values in any way.1.3 This standard does not
5、 purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards
6、:2D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed DataD 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextilesD 3715/D3715M Practice for Quality Assurance ofPressure-Sensitive
7、TapesD 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Terminology found in Terminology D 996shall apply.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Procedure AThe pressure-sensitive tape is mountedon a rigid panel. The adhesive side is exposed.
8、 A strip oflinerboard, which represents the fiberboard, is placed againstthe tape adhesive with controlled pressure. The area of contactis specified. The panel is mounted in a horizontal position. Aspecified mass is fastened to one end of the linerboard. Themass acts to peel the linerboard away from
9、 the adhesive at anangle of 90. The time required to peel the linerboard from thetape is measured.4.2 Procedure BIn this procedure, the fiberboard or thelinerboard representing it is adhered to a rigid panel and thetape peeled from it. In all other respects, the procedure is thesame as Procedure A.5
10、. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed to show the adhesion of apressure-sensitive tape to fiberboard when the tape is under aconstant stress. Test data from this test method for some typesof packaging tape relates to tape performance on fiberboardbox closure.5.2 Procedure A should b
11、e used when comparing tapes to anestablished requirement. The requirement may be establishedusing either the standard linerboard or another linerboardrepresenting a specific fiberboard.5.3 Procedure B should be used to rank tapes as to theirability to adhere to fiberboard.6. Apparatus and Materials6
12、.1 Tape, pressure-sensitive, double-coated, 48-mm 2-in.width. The tape shall exhibit sufficient adhesion to the paneland test specimen or fiberboard to avoid the failures cited in10.1.9 and 10.2.14.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging, and is the direct respo
13、nsibility of Subcommittee D 10.14 on Tape andLabels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 2860/D 2860M 90(1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custom
14、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 PanelAny steel piece at least 50
15、by 125 mm 2 by 5in. and no less than 1.1 mm 0.043 in. thick, having one face(2 by 5 in.) that does not deviate from a plane by more than0.050 mm 0.002 in.6.3 Stop Watch.6.4 Razor Blade, single-edge.6.5 MaskAny paper no more than 0.050 mm 0.002 in.thick formed to a rectangle approximately 125 by 60 m
16、m 5 by2.5 in. with a rectangular hole exactly 24 6 0.25 1.0 6 0.01by 32 mm 1.25 in. centered in the piece. The 24-mm 1-in.hole dimension shall be in the 125-mm 5-in. direction (seeFig. 1 and Fig. 2).6.6 Cutter, for preparing fiberboard or linerboard and tapespecimens.6.7 Paperboard Piece, approximat
17、ely 25 by 25 mm 1 by 1in., for reinforcement.6.8 Paper Punch, single-hole.6.9 Fiberboard or Linerboard Surface,3against which thetest is made.6.9.1 For Procedure A, cut a rectangle exactly 24 6 0.25mm 1.0 6 0.01 in. wide by at least 125 mm 5 in. in length,from the linerboard representing the fiberbo
18、ard on which thetape will be used. The long dimension shall lie at a right angleto the machine direction of the linerboard. Reinforce one endof the strip with a chipboard piece adhered with double-coatedtape. Punch a hole at the center of the reinforcement.6.9.2 For Procedure B, cut a rectangle, pre
19、ferably 125 by 50mm 5 by 2 in., but no less than 50 by 50 mm 2 by 2 in., fromthe fiberboard on which the tape will be used (or linerboardrepresenting it). The long test dimension shall lie at a rightangle to the machine direction of the linerboard.6.9.3 For either procedure, prepare the linerboard o
20、r fiber-board in advance of testing and mark it to show which side touse. When comparing one roll of tape to another or one lot oftape to another, the linerboard or fiberboard should be from asingle lot.6.10 Steel Roller, 82.5 6 2.5 mm 3.25 6 0.1 in. indiameter and 45 6 1.5 mm 1.75 6 0.05 in. in wid
21、th, coveredwith rubber approximately 6 mm 0.25 in. in thickness havinga Shore A durometer hardness of 80 6 5. The surface shall bea true cylinder void of any convex or concave deviations. Themass of the roller shall be 2040 6 45 g 4.5 6 0.1 lb. Themass of the handle shall not add to the mass of the
22、roller duringuse.NOTE 1A simple check to determine if the rubber surface is cylindri-cal is to wrap the roller in a very thin paper (onionskin) and drag it acrossa flat glass plate on which is placed a carbon paper, face up. The carbonrubs off onto the thin paper wrapper to reveal high spots or holl
23、ows on therubber surface.6.11 Test Stand, to support the panel securely in a horizontalplane during the test period.6.12 Mass, 200 6 0.2 g, with a hook.6.13 Timing System, for measuring test time in minutes.6.14 Paper, clean, unprinted, and without a coating of anykind, for use in adhering linerboar
24、d or fiberboard to the panel(Procedure B).7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with Practice D 3715.8. Test Specimens8.1 A roll or rolls of tape for testing must be at least 36 mm1.5 in. in width.8.2 Unwind and discard at least three, but no more than six,outer wraps from the sample roll b
25、efore taking specimens fortesting.3The linerboard accepted as the standard test surface, Standard ReferenceMaterial 1810A, is available form the Office of Standard Reference Materials,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Washington, DC 20234.NOTE 1Fix panel securely in a horizontal plane.
26、FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Procedure AD 2860/D 2860M 0428.3 Test five specimens from each roll of tape.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition sample rolls of tape and linerboard or fiber-board in the standard conditioning atmosphere as described inPractice D 4332 for a period of not less than 24 h. Test at thes
27、econditions.10. Procedure10.1 Procedure A:10.1.1 Adhere the double-coated tape to the firm fingerpressure and remove the liner.10.1.2 Lightly sand the backing of the test tape on the rollfor approximately 250 mm 10 in. with 300-grit sandpaper toremove the easy unwind treatment. Start timing with the
28、 stopwatch. Immediately unwind 300 to 450 mm 12 to 18 in. oftape from a freely rotating roll at a rate of 500 to 750 mm 20to 30 in./s.10.1.3 Center the sanded area of this strip, adhesive side up,on the panel, aligning the long edges parallel with the panellong edges. Trim it to the panel dimensions
29、. Do not allow anyobject to contact the adhesive.10.1.4 Place a mask at the center of the specimen so that the24-mm 1-in. dimension of the hole in the mask lies parallel tothe long dimension of the specimen edges (see Fig. 1). Rubagainst the mask to assure that the tape specimen is welladhered to th
30、e double-coated tape on the panel. Avoid touchingthe adhesive.10.1.5 At 90 6 5 s, position the linerboard strip (endopposite the hole) to span the mask and enter it lengthwise onthe specimen adhesive. Assure that the correct side of thelinerboard is placed against the specimen adhesive. Do notapply
31、any finger pressure to the specimen. Continue timing.10.1.6 Roll the linerboard against the specimen lengthwisetwice each way at a rate of 10 6 0.5 mm/s 24 6 0.5 in./minusing the rubber-covered roller.10.1.7 Immediately set the panel, specimen side down, intothe test stand, assuring that it will rem
32、ain in a horizontal planethroughout the test.10.1.8 At 180 6 5 s (3 min from unwinding the tape fromthe roll), add the 200-g mass so that no shock load is impartedto the linerboard, and immediately start the time. Allow the testto continue until the linerboard has peeled free from thespecimen adhesi
33、ve.10.1.9 Void all tests where the tape (test specimen) haspulled away from the panel (either the specimen from thedouble-coated tape or the double-coated tape from the panel).When this occurs, repeat the test assuring that the panel, thedouble-coated tape, and the test specimen are well bondedtoget
34、her.10.2 Procedure B:10.2.1 Adhere the double-coated tape to the panel with firmfinger pressure and remove the liner.10.2.2 Superimpose the fiberboard (or linerboard) on thedouble-coated tape, exposing the correct side and assuring thatthe machine direction is at a right angle to the long dimensiono
35、f the panel. Handle the fiberboard only at the edges andcorners so that an area at least 35 mm 1.5 in. square at itscenter is absolutely free of contamination.10.2.3 Place a clean sheet of paper (6.14) on top of thefiberboard. Rub against this to assure that the fiberboard is wellbonded to the doubl
36、e-coated tape on the panel. Do not rub thefiberboard surface with the paper or fingers.10.2.4 Start timing with the stop watch. Immediately un-wind 300 to 450 mm 12 to 18 in. of tape from a freely,rotating roll at a rate of 500 to 750 mm 20 to 30 in./s.10.2.5 From the center of this strip, cut a spe
37、cimen 24 60.25 mm 1.0 6 0.01 in. wide and at least 180 mm 7 in. inlength. Handle this strip by its ends only. Do not allowadhesive to contact any object.10.2.6 Lay the specimen, adhesive side up, on the work bench and tape the ends down to hold the specimen flat.10.2.7 Apply a mask at one end of the
38、 specimen so that the24-mm 1-in. dimension of the hole lies parallel to the longedges of the specimen (see Fig. 2).10.2.8 Apply the chipboard square to the exposed adhesiveat the other end of the specimen (see Fig. 2).10.2.9 Cut away the taped ends of the specimen. Punch ahole for the hook of the ma
39、ss in the chipboard.10.2.10 At 90 6 5 s, position the specimen lengthwise onthe fiberboard, adhesive down, so that the 1 by 1-in. 24 by24-mm adhesive area is approximately centered on the fiber-board. Do not apply any finger pressure to the specimen.Continue timing.10.2.11 Roll the specimen lengthwi
40、se twice each way at arate of 10.0 6 0.2 mm/s 24 6 0.5 in./min, using therubber-covered roller.10.2.12 Immediately set the panel, specimen side down,into the test stand, assuring that it will remain in a horizontalplane throughout the test.10.2.13 At 180 6 5 s (a total of 3 min from unwinding thetap
41、e from the roll), add the 200-g mass so that no shock loadis imparted to the specimen and start the timer. Allow the testFIG. 2 Preparation of Specimen for Procedure BD 2860/D 2860M 043to continue until the specimen has peeled free from thefiberboard (see Fig. 3).10.2.14 Void all tests where the fib
42、erboard has pulled awayfrom the panel (either the fiberboard from the double-coatedtape or the double-coated tape from the panel). When thisoccurs, repeat the test, assuring that the panel, double-coatedtape, and the fiberboard are well bonded together.11. Calculation11.1 To determine the test resul
43、t for each roll of tape,convert each of the five specimen test results to its logarithm.Obtain the arithmetic mean of all logarithms and then convertthe arithmetic mean logarithm back to time by obtaining itsantilogarithm. This final step gives the test result for the roll oftape under consideration
44、. No single specimen value shall beconsidered as representative of the roll under test.12. Report12.1 The report shall include the following:12.1.1 A statement that this test method was used, indicatingwhich procedure (A or B), and any deviations from the methodas written,12.1.2 Complete identificat
45、ion of each roll of tape testedincluding type, source, manufacturers code number, and form,12.1.3 Linerboard or fiberboard identification including thetype, source, manufacturers code number, and conditioninghistory prior to the test,12.1.4 Number of specimens tested from each roll of tape,12.1.5 An
46、omalous behavior during the test, that is, adhesivetransfer or splitting paper fiber pulled free from the linerboardor fiberboard, delamination of the linerboard or fiberboard, and12.1.6 Mean time value calculated in 11.1 for each of therolls of tape under test.13. Precision and Bias13.1 SummaryThe
47、difference between two single obser-vations should not exceed 27.7 % of the average of the twoobservations in transformed units in 95 out of 100 cases whenboth observations are taken by the same well-trained operatorusing the same piece of test equipment and specimens ran-domly drawn from the same s
48、ample of material. Largerdifferences may occur under all other circumstances. The truevalue of adhesion to fiberboard at 90 angle under constantstress can only be defined in terms of a specific test method.Within this limitation, Test Method D 2860/D 2860M has noknown bias. Sections 13.2 through 13.
49、5 explain the basis forthis summary and for evaluations made under other conditions.The information applies either to comparisons of specimens ofthe same material or to specimens of different materials.NOTE 2This precision statement applies only to Procedure A.13.2 Interlaboratory Test Data4An interlaboratory studywas made in 1980 in which randomly drawn samples of twomaterials were tested in each of four laboratories. Two opera-tors in each laboratory, each tested three specimens from eachof three rol
