1、Designation: D2860/D2860M 04 (Reapproved 2010)D2860/D2860M 17Standard Test Method forAdhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape to Fiberboard at 90Angle and Constant Stress1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2860/D2860M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear o
2、f original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Depar
3、tment of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the property of adhesion of pressure-sensitive tape to a fiber-board surface. Theuser of this test method has the option of choosing the paper surface for the test. The test surface may be the standard linerboard,another liner
4、board (or paper) of individual interest, or a specific fiberboard.1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each systemare not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently, without combining values i
5、n any way.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 Thi
6、s international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TB
7、T) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution EnvironmentsD2904 Practice for InterlaboratoryTesting of aTextileTest Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (Withdrawn 2008)3D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textile
8、s (Withdrawn 2008)3D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology found in Terminology D996 shall apply.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Procedure AThe pressure-sensitive tape is mounted on a rigid panel. The adhesive sid
9、e is exposed. A strip of linerboard,which represents the fiberboard, is placed against the tape adhesive with controlled pressure. The area of contact is specified. Thepanel is mounted in a horizontal position. A specified mass is fastened to one end of the linerboard. The mass acts to peel theliner
10、board away from the adhesive at an angle of 90. The time required to peel the linerboard from the tape is measured.4.2 Procedure BIn this procedure, the fiberboard or the linerboard representing it is adhered to a rigid panel and the tapepeeled from it. In all other respects, the procedure is the sa
11、me as Procedure A.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed to show the adhesion of a pressure-sensitive tape to fiberboard when the tape is under a constantstress. Test data from this test method for some types of packaging tape relates to tape performance on fiberboard box closure.1
12、This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and Labels.Current edition approved April 1, 2010May 1, 2017. Published May 2010July 2017. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004
13、2010 asD2860/D2860M 04.D2860/D2860M 04 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D2860_D2860M-04R10.10.1520/D2860_D2860M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards
14、Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Bec
15、auseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100
16、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 ProcedureAshould be used when comparing tapes to an established requirement. The requirement may be established usingeither the standard linerboard or another linerboard representing a specific fiberboard.5.3 Procedu
17、re B should be used to rank tapes as to their ability to adhere to fiberboard.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Tape, pressure-sensitive, double-coated, 48-mm 2-in. width. The tape shall exhibit sufficient adhesion to the panel and testspecimen or fiberboard to avoid the failures cited in 10.1.9 and 10.
18、2.14.6.2 PanelAny steel piece at least 50 by 125 mm 2 by 5 in. and no less than 1.1 mm 0.043 in. thick, having one face (2by 5 in.) that does not deviate from a plane by more than 0.050 mm 0.002 in.6.3 Stop Watch.6.4 Razor Blade, single-edge.6.5 MaskAny paper no more than 0.050 mm 0.002 in. thick fo
19、rmed to a rectangle approximately 125 by 60 mm 5 by 2.5in. with a rectangular hole exactly 24 6 0.25 1.0 6 0.01 by 32 mm 1.25 in. centered in the piece. The 24-mm 1-in. holedimension shall be in the 125-mm 5-in. direction (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).6.6 Cutter, for preparing fiberboard or linerboard and
20、 tape specimens.6.7 Paperboard Piece, approximately 25 by 25 mm 1 by 1 in., for reinforcement.NOTE 1Chipboard pads constructed from 0.030-in. thick fiberboard are typically used.6.8 Paper Punch, single-hole.6.9 Fiberboard or Linerboard Surface, 4 against which the test is made.6.9.1 For Procedure A,
21、 cut a rectangle exactly 24 6 0.25 mm 1.0 6 0.01 in. wide by at least 125 mm 5 in. in length, fromthe linerboard representing the fiberboard on which the tape will be used. The long dimension shall lie at a right angle to themachine direction of the linerboard. Reinforce one end of the strip with a
22、chipboard piece adhered with double-coated tape. Puncha hole at the center of the reinforcement.6.9.2 For Procedure B, cut a rectangle, preferably 125 by 50 mm 5 by 2 in., but no less than 50 by 50 mm 2 by 2 in., fromthe fiberboard on which the tape will be used (or linerboard representing it). The
23、long test dimension shall lie at a right angle tothe machine direction of the linerboard.6.9.3 For either procedure, prepare the linerboard or fiberboard in advance of testing and mark it to show which side to use.When comparing one roll of tape to another or one lot of tape to another, the linerboa
24、rd or fiberboard should be from a single lot.4 The linerboard accepted as the standard test surface, Standard Reference Material 1810A, is available form the Office of Standard Reference Materials, National Instituteof Standards and Technology, Washington, DC 20234.NOTE 1Fix panel securely in a hori
25、zontal plane.FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Procedure AD2860/D2860M 1726.10 Steel Roller, 82.5 6 2.5 mm 3.25 6 0.1 in. in diameter and 45 6 1.5 mm 1.75 6 0.05 in. in width, covered with rubberapproximately 6 mm 0.25 in. in thickness having a Shore A durometer hardness of 80 6 5. The surface shall be a tru
26、e cylindervoid of any convex or concave deviations. The mass of the roller shall be 2040 6 45 g 4.5 6 0.1 lb. The mass of the handleshall not add to the mass of the roller during use.NOTE 2A simple check to determine if the rubber surface is cylindrical is to wrap the roller in a very thin paper (on
27、ionskin) and drag it across a flatglass plate on which is placed a carbon paper, face up. The carbon rubs off onto the thin paper wrapper to reveal high spots or hollows on the rubbersurface.6.11 Test Stand, to support the panel securely in a horizontal plane during the test period.6.12 Mass, 200 6
28、0.2 g, with a hook.6.13 Timing System, for measuring test time in minutes.6.14 Paper, clean, unprinted, and without a coating of any kind, for use in adhering linerboard or fiberboard to the panel(Procedure B).7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with Practice D4332.8. Test Specimens8.1 A
29、roll or rolls of tape for testing must be at least 36 mm 1.5 in. in width.8.2 Unwind and discard at least three, but no more than six, outer wraps from the sample roll before taking specimens fortesting.8.3 Test five specimens from each roll of tape.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition sample rolls of tape
30、and linerboard or fiberboard in the standard conditioning atmosphere as described in PracticeD4332 for a period of not less than 24 h. Test at these conditions.10. Procedure10.1 Procedure A:10.1.1 Adhere the double-coated tape to the panel with firm finger pressure and remove the liner.10.1.2 Lightl
31、y sand the backing of the test tape on the roll for approximately 250 mm 10 in. with 300-grit sandpaper to removethe easy unwind treatment. Start timing with the stop watch. Immediately unwind 300 to 450 mm 12 to 18 in. of tape from afreely rotating roll at a rate of 500 to 750 mm 20 to 30 in./s.10.
32、1.3 Center the sanded area of this strip, adhesive side up, on the panel, aligning the long edges parallel with the panel longedges. Trim it to the panel dimensions. Do not allow any object to contact the adhesive.10.1.4 Place a mask at the center of the specimen so that the 24-mm 1-in. dimension of
33、 the hole in the mask lies parallel tothe long dimension of the specimen edges (see Fig. 1). Rub against the mask to assure that the tape specimen is well adhered tothe double-coated tape on the panel. Avoid touching the adhesive.10.1.5 At 9065 s, position the linerboard strip (end opposite the hole
34、) to span the mask and enter it lengthwise on the specimenadhesive. Ensure that the correct side of the linerboard is placed against the specimen adhesive. Do not apply any finger pressureto the specimen. Continue timing.10.1.6 Roll the linerboard against the specimen lengthwise twice each way at a
35、rate of 10 6 0.5 mm/s 24 6 0.5 in./min usingthe rubber-covered roller.10.1.7 Immediately set the panel, specimen side down, into the test stand, assuring that it will remain in a horizontal planethroughout the test.FIG. 2 Preparation of Specimen for Procedure BD2860/D2860M 17310.1.8 At 180 6 5 s (3
36、min from unwinding the tape from the roll), add the 200-g mass so that no shock load is imparted tothe linerboard, and immediately start the time. Allow the test to continue until the linerboard has peeled free from the specimenadhesive.10.1.9 Void all tests where the tape (test specimen) has pulled
37、 away from the panel (either the specimen from the double-coatedtape or the double-coated tape from the panel). When this occurs, repeat the test assuring that the panel, the double-coated tape,and the test specimen are well bonded together.10.2 Procedure B:10.2.1 Adhere the double-coated tape to th
38、e panel with firm finger pressure and remove the liner.10.2.2 Superimpose the fiberboard (or linerboard) on the double-coated tape, exposing the correct side and assuring that themachine direction is at a right angle to the long dimension of the panel. Handle the fiberboard only at the edges and cor
39、ners sothat an area at least 35 mm 1.5 in. square at its center is absolutely free of contamination.10.2.3 Place a clean sheet of paper (6.14) on top of the fiberboard. Rub against this to assure that the fiberboard is well bondedto the double-coated tape on the panel. Do not rub the fiberboard surf
40、ace with the paper or fingers.10.2.4 Start timing with the stop watch. Immediately unwind 300 to 450 mm 12 to 18 in. of tape from a freely, rotating rollat a rate of 500 to 750 mm 20 to 30 in./s.10.2.5 From the center of this strip, cut a specimen 24 6 0.25 mm 1.0 6 0.01 in. wide and at least 180 mm
41、 7 in. in length.Handle this strip by its ends only. Do not allow adhesive to contact any object.10.2.6 Lay the specimen, adhesive side up, on the work b ench bench and tape the ends down to hold the specimen flat.10.2.7 Apply a mask at one end of the specimen so that the 24-mm 1-in. dimension of th
42、e hole lies parallel to the long edgesof the specimen (see Fig. 2).10.2.8 Apply the chipboard square to the exposed adhesive at the other end of the specimen (see Fig. 2).10.2.9 Cut away the taped ends of the specimen. Punch a hole for the hook of the mass in the chipboard.10.2.10 At 90 6 5 s, posit
43、ion the specimen lengthwise on the fiberboard, adhesive down, so that the 1 by 1-in. 24 by 24-mmadhesive area is approximately centered on the fiberboard. Do not apply any finger pressure to the specimen. Continue timing.10.2.11 Roll the specimen lengthwise twice each way at a rate of 10.060.2 mm/s
44、2460.5 in./min, using the rubber-coveredroller.10.2.12 Immediately set the panel, specimen side down, into the test stand, assuring that it will remain in a horizontal planethroughout the test.10.2.13 At 180 6 5 s (a total of 3 min from unwinding the tape from the roll), add the 200-g mass so that n
45、o shock load isimparted to the specimen and start the timer.Allow the test to continue until the specimen has peeled free from the fiberboard (seeFig. 3).10.2.14 Void all tests where the fiberboard has pulled away from the panel (either the fiberboard from the double-coated tapeor the double-coated
46、tape from the panel). When this occurs, repeat the test, assuring that the panel, double-coated tape, and thefiberboard are well bonded together.NOTE 1Fix panel securely in a horizontal plane.FIG. 3 Test Assembly for Procedure BD2860/D2860M 17411. Calculation11.1 To determine the test result for eac
47、h roll of tape, convert each of the five specimen test results to its logarithm. Obtain thearithmetic mean of all logarithms and then convert the arithmetic mean logarithm back to time by obtaining its antilogarithm. Thisfinal step gives the test result for the roll of tape under consideration. No s
48、ingle specimen value shall be considered asrepresentative of the roll under test.12. Report12.1 The report shall include the following:12.1.1 A statement that this test method was used, indicating which procedure (A or B), and any deviations from the methodas written,12.1.2 Complete identification o
49、f each roll of tape tested including type, source, manufacturers code number, and form,12.1.3 Linerboard or fiberboard identification including the type, source, manufacturers code number, and conditioning historyprior to the test,12.1.4 Number of specimens tested from each roll of tape,12.1.5 Anomalous behavior during the test, that is, adhesive transfer or splitting paper fiber pulled free from the linerboard orfiberboard, delamination of the linerboard or fiberboard, and12.1.6 Mean time value
